T JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING
GOTTIGERE
BANNERGHATTA ROAD
BANGALORE – 83
SYNOPSIS
REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
KARNATAKA
PREPARED BY,
SUNIL JOY KURICHIYIL
1ST YEAR MSc NURSING
T JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING
GUIDED BY,
MRS. MONIKA PAUL
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
T.JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND SCIENCES
BANGALORE – KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
MR. SUNIL JOY KURICHIYIL
1
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE &
ADDRESS
1st Year M.Sc. (NURSING)
T.JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING
BANNERGHATTA ROAD
GOTTIGERE
BANGALORE-83
T.JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING
2
NAME OF THE INSTITUTION
BANNERGHATTA ROAD
GOTTIGERE
BANGALORE-83
3
4
COURSE OF STUDY AND
M.Sc. NURSING
SUBJECT
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
DATE OF ADMISSION TO
COURSE
13-06-2012
“A
STUDY
TO
EFFECTIVENESS
TEACHING
5
TITLE OF THE TOPIC
ASSESS
OF
THE
STRUCTURED
PROGRAMME
ON
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING
SAFE
HOUSEHOLD
PURIFICATION
OF
STORAGE
WATER
WOMEN IN SELECTED
BANGALORE
1
RURAL
AND
AMONG
AREA,
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
INTRODUCTION
“High quality water is more than the dream of the conservationists, more than a political
slogan; high quality water, in the right quantity at the right place at the right time, is
essential to health, recreation, and economic growth.”
EDMUND S. MUSKIE
Water is essential for all dimensions of life. It is available abundantly on the
surface of earth. There is about 1.4 billion cubic kilometer of water on the earth which
comes about 71percent of the earth’s surface. About 97 percent of the water on the earth is
in the oceans. The ocean water is salty and is not suitable for human consumption. The
remaining 3 percent of the total water is available in the form of ice sheets, cloud, river,
lakes, ponds, well and springs. Only 1-1.6 percent of the 3 percent of water is useful for
human consumption1. Over the past few decades, use of water has increased, and in many
places water availability is falling to crisis levels. They are often discovered only when
wells go dry. More than eighty countries, with forty percent of the world’s population, are
already facing water shortages, while by year 2020 the world’s population will double. The
costs of water infrastructure have risen dramatically; there are some places where a barrel
of water costs more than a barrel of oil. Over one billion people lack safe water, and three
billion lack sanitation; eighty per cent of infectious diseases are waterborne, killing
millions of children each year.2
Asian countries including India are facing a worsening water crisis that threatens to
certain food production while taking an increasingly heavy toll on the region’s economies.
Among the region’s largest countries, the Asian Development Bank estimated India would
have a water deficit of 50 per cent by 2030 while China would have a shortage of 25
percent.3
According to Karnataka’s Rural Development and Panchayat Raj as many as 236
villages in 13 districts of Karnataka have been facing severe drinking water problem.
4
Bangalore faces a shortage of 410 mld (milli litres daily). The demand is 1,219 mld and the
city is getting a supply of only 870 mld of water. In core areass, citizens get water on
alternate days, while in the periphery it's once or twice a week.5
The news of ‘no water supply in the city’ is a boon for these private water suppliers. The
residents who can afford to pay premium turn out to be their preferred customers. BWSSB
officials estimate that there are over 500 water tankers in the city which are owned by
2
around 200 private water tanker owners. Each water tanker owner owns about two-three
tankers which spread out to the nook and corner of the city’s outer areass to exploit the
residents.6
As the shortage of water increased, the people store water for a longer period till
they get fresh supply of water. As a result the water gets contaminated due to unhygienic
prolonged storage. The contaminated water can cause Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases (ADD),
Viral Hepatitis, Cholera and Typhoid, (Enteric, Fever). The cause of these diseases is
pathogens in water. Hospitals in the Bangalore city are reporting a steady inflow of
diseases such as gastroenteritis and typhoid. Doctors at government hospitals report that
though there is no significant rise in the numbers, they are getting patients suffering from
water-borne diseases on a regular basis. There has also been a rise in the number of
diarrhoea cases at Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital.7
Safe household water storage is a critical component of a Household Water
Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) system being promoted by the World Health
Organization (WHO) worldwide in areass that do not have piped drinking water. All types
of 'safe household water storage must be used with water from known clean sources or
with water having received prior efficacious treatment. HWTS interventions can lead to
dramatic improvements in drinking water quality and reductions in water borne disease.8
6.1. NEED FOR THE STUDY
Pure water is the world's first and foremost medicine.
- Slovakian Proverb
2.4 billion People in the world do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is
about two-fifths of the world’s population. The average person in the developing world
uses 10 litres of water a day. 2.2 million People in developing countries, most of them
children, die every year from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water,
inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.8
In Bangalore rural area water is only provided for a few hours a day. Middle-class
flats ensure 24-hour water availability by hoarding water in overhead tanks. In contrast,
local villagers wait in long lines at community taps and municipal tanker water supplies.
Water timings are unpredictable, if it comes at all, especially in slums without legal access
to the municipal supply. Slum residents are therefore forced to store water for prolonged
periods, often for days on end.
3
Waterborne diseases (the consequence of a combination of lack of clean water
supply and inadequate sanitation) cost the Indian economy 73 million working days a year.
As per health reports several hundred deaths have been reported in the last three years in
the country, due to diseases caused by consumption of unsafe and contaminated water and
Karnataka is no exception to this. A total of 257 deaths have been reported due to these
diseases in the State during 2009, 2010 and 2011.Three people died due to cholera out of
the 610 cases detected during the three years. Andhra Pradesh saw four deaths out of 715
cases, while two died in Tamil Nadu out of 1,308 cases. Kerala saw three deaths, out of the
81 cases detected. Similarly, Acute Diarrhoeal Disease took 192 lives in Karnataka with
19,62,271 cases detected, while Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala saw 424, 97 and
six people die, respectively, due to the disease. Viral Hepatitis was responsible for 43
deaths in Karnataka. Enteric fever led to the death of 19 in the State.9
There is growing international public health consensus about the need to make
household water storage safer. In the early 2000s, after a resurgence of cholera in South
America, U.S. scientists developed a “safe water system.” The key concept is absurdly
simple: switch people from using wide-mouthed containers to using safer narrow-mouthed
containers that don't allow them to stick their hands in the water. The other component is
regular chlorination of stored water. Some studies prove that combining use of narrowmouthed containers with chlorination reduces water borne disease by nearly 50 per cent.
Recent study shows that hygiene interventions including hygiene education and
promotion of hand washing can lead to a reduction of diarrhoeal cases by up to 45% and
also Improvements in drinking water quality through household water treatment, such as
chlorination at point of use, can lead to a reduction of diarrhoea episodes by between 35%
and 39%.
An inexpensive strategy is available to improve household drinking water until
piped potable water is routinely available. The strategy has two components: water
disinfection at the time water is collected (point-of-use disinfection) and water storage in
vessels specifically designed to prevent recontamination (safe storage). However,
successful implementation of this strategy will require focused educational campaigns
stressing the role of contaminated water and domestic hygiene in prevention of waterborne disease.10
Since the women are the main subjects who runs the household errands such as
storage and purification of water, the researcher felt that there is need for assessing the
4
knowledge and practice on safe household storage and purification of water among women
in rural community as the water borne disease were on rise due to unhygienic way of
household storage of water, so as to helps to reinforce their knowledge and practice
through structured teaching programme on safe household storage and purification of
water.
6.2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The literature can be reviewed under the following headings
6.2.1 Literature related to scarcity of water
6.2.2 Literature related to household storage of water
6.2.3 Literature related to purification of water
6.2.4 Literature related to water borne diseases
6.2.5 Literature related to structured teaching programme
6.2.1 Literature related to scarcity of water
The current study provides the first global assessment of blue water scarcity
at the scale of river basins and at a monthly resolution while accounting for environmental
flow requirements. The levels of water scarcity estimated in this study correspond strongly
with documented ecological declines and socio-economic disruption in some of the world's
most heavily used river basins. The Indus River Basin, with 212 million people, faces
severe water scarcity during eight months of the year. In the north-western Indian
provinces of Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana, each one of which lies fully or partly in the
Indus River Basin, groundwater is steadily being depleted. Unsustainable groundwater
depletion and severe water scarcity threaten potable water supplies and agricultural output,
affecting the country's food supplies and the government's welfare programmes.11
A study on water scarcity highlights the acute water scarcity that the city of
Bangalore has been facing over the years and examines the availability of resources in
terms of climatic conditions, the available rainfall, the gradual depletion of water resources
such as streams and rivers due to uncontrollable rise in the number of concrete structures in
the city , which prevent infiltration of rainwater into city aquifers and promotes ‘heavy
over-land flow' and the increasing dependence of the people on groundwater resources due
to a drastic increase in population and the gradual decrease of availability of other water
resources such as rivers and streams. 12
5
6.2.2 Literature related to household storage of water
A study was conducted in Dhaka to improve the practice on storing water
and handling water from storage containers at home. They selected 100 houses for the
study, One half houses were given health education on how to use sodium
dichloroisocyanurate tablet (Na DCC) in household storage of water and another half not
given. After 4 month, the post test was done in both groups and the storage water was
tested. Results indicated the water quality from first group was free from E. coli bacteria
where as E.coli bacteria were present in second group’s water as they have no idea on how
to use the NaDCC tab. So the researcher revealed that through health education the
practices for storing and handling water quality can be improved .13
The study was done on chlorination and safe storage of household drinking
water in developing countries to reduce waterborne diseases. The use of chlorination and
storage in special plastic containers of gathered household water for improving microbial
quality and reducing diarrhoeal illness. Community families were recruited and randomly
divided into intervention and control households. Microbes in stored household water were
extensively inactivated by 1-5mg/L doses of hypochlorite. Escherichia coli level in stored
households water were<1/100ml in most intervention households but readily detectable at
high levels in control households. The intervention reduced household diarrhoeal illness.14
6.2.3 Literature related to purification of water
A cross-sectional study was done in Ramallah among the mothers to
increase awareness at the household level about certain hygienic practices and to develop
water quality. The quasi-experimental design was selected in two villages. The chemical
and biological water quality was analysed as well as residential behavioural aspects related
to hygiene practices before and after intervention. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the
housewives knowledge and practices regarding hygienic practices and water use, followed
by face-to-face health education and awareness sessions to the selected housewives. After
3months, another assessment was conducted using the same questionnaire to measure
improvement in their knowledge and practices. The water quality was tested to ensure the
water quality. The finding shows there is significant difference in hygienic practices to
develop water quality in household level. So the study concluded that by improving
knowledge and practices, the water hygiene practices can be improved.15
6
The study was conducted to treat microbiological performance of common
water treatment to reduce waterborne diseases. 3 common types of water treatment devices
designed for household used: a ceramic candle gravity filter, an iodine resine gravity filter
and an iodine resine faucent mounted filter. The ceramic candle filter and the iodine resine
faucent filter reduced bacteria by more than 4 logs. The reduction of the M S2 phage and 3
micron micropheres in these devices was lower than log 3.4 and log 2.6 respectively. There
were also high levels of residual iodide in treated water from the iodine based devices. The
household water treatment could play an important role and necessary that consumers can
ensure that the devices they purchase and used in the home are effective and safe.16
Study of water supply & sanitation practices in India using geographic
information systems(GIS): Some design & other considerations in a village setting like
places of residence, water storage and distribution, sewage and places where people in the
village defaecated were mapped and drinking water sources were tested for microbial
contamination in Nelvoy village, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. The finding was that Water
in the village was found to be microbiologically unfit for consumption. Analysis using
direct observations supplemented by GIS maps revealed poor planning, poor engineering
design and lack of policing of the water distribution system and unhygienic storage and
poor household purification of water causing possible contamination of drinking water
from sewage at multiple sites. Conclusions was that appropriate designs for storage and
supply of water to suit individual village needs should be made available, point-of-use
water disinfection methods could serve as an interim solution for preventing microbial
contamination of water.17
6.2.4 Literature related to water borne diseases
A study was conducted on Water contamination in urban south India:
household storage practices and their implications for water safety and enteric infections.
This study assessed contamination of the municipal water in a south Indian town, which
obtains its water intermittently from a surface lake and by pumping subsurface water from
a dry river bed, and monitored microbial contamination during household storage. All
samples of the ‘treated' municipal water were contaminated when freshly pumped, and on
household storage, 25/37 (67%) showed increased contamination during storage periods
from 1 to 9 days. Household storage in brass, but not in containers of other materials
significantly decreased contamination of water (p=0.04). Despite the requirements for
7
provision of safe drinking water in municipal areass, in practice the water supplied is
contaminated and current household storage practices increase the level of contamination
in at least two-thirds of households. 18
A longitudinal study was taken up to determine the morbidity due to water
borne diseases and bacteriological quality of water in Bangalore. 150 homes in two
areass, one supplied by bore well and other by tap water was selected by modified cluster
sampling. Weekly morbidity details collected. Monthly water samples were assessed for
bacteriological quality from main supply, household storage and morbidity reported. The
difference in proportion of potable and non potable water storage was statistically
significant. The incidence in areass with bore well supply was 3.8% and in areas with tap
water was 3.43%. Conclusion was that there are various ways in which drinking water can
be contaminated along the route of distribution to the consumers. The most effective
method to prevent infections is surveillance and treatment of drinking water quality at
point of consumption.19
Partners for Urban Knowledge, Action, and Research (PUKAR), a Mumbaibased research collective, and the Harvard School of Public Health recently completed a
major water quality study in an unregistered slum. Most residents are only able to obtain
water every three days, and 95 per cent do not get enough water to meet the World Health
Organisation's recommended minimum usage of 50 litres per person per day. 229 water
samples were tested at an internationally accredited lab for coliforms and E. coli (faecal
bacteria), including ones from community water taps and hoses that were used to distribute
water to people's homes. Stored household water was also tested by intensively following
21 households and multiple samples were collected from each household in different
seasons. They found water contaminated with coliforms during the monsoon. Despite the
fact that tap water was usually clean, very high rates of contamination was found in stored
drinking water, with 52 per cent of summer samples and 76 per cent of monsoon samples
contaminated with faecal bacteria were found.7
6.2.5 Literature related to structured teaching programme
A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on knowledge, attitude and practices regarding tobacco consumption in rural
health setting. A quasi experimental study was carried out. A significant increase in the
level of knowledge and attitude and a significant decrease in the practice were shown in the
8
subjects. The government and legislators have a major role in reducing tobacco usage.
Nurses also can play a pivotal role in organizing and executing awareness programmes for
all vulnerable sections of the society.20
A study was conducted on effectiveness of planned teaching programme on
knowledge regarding water hygienic practice among housewives in rural settings; Nepal
.There objective was to improve hygienic practices among the rural housewives. The
study was conducted in two villages where the chemical and biological water quality was
analyzed by some hygienic practices. In one village they gave health education about water
hygiene practice and another village kept as control group. After three months the water
quality of the houses was tested to ensure the quality aspects of the hygiene practices.
There was significant increase in knowledge regarding water hygienic practice among
housewives in villages where health education was given than the control group. The
chosen methodology was able to promote a real change in improving to water hygiene
practices. So the researcher revealed that for hygiene practice the housewives need
adequate knowledge.21
A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on knowledge and attitude of adolescent in prevention of iron and folic acid
deficiency anemia at corporation school. They adopted modified pender's health promotion
model and samples were selected using random sampling method. The findings reveal
significant difference in knowledge and attitude of subjects in prevention of iron and folic
acid deficiency anemia. The study concludes that educating adolescent in prevention of
iron and folic acid deficiency anemia may prevent morbidity and mortality rates and
promote healthy practices.22
9
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and
practice regarding safe household storage and purification of water among women in
selected rural area, Bangalore”
6.3. OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the pre-test level of knowledge and practice regarding safe household storage
and purification of water among women.
2. To determine the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on safe household
storage and purification of water among women.
3. To findout the relationship between the knowledge and practice regarding safe
household storage and purification of water.
4. To findout the association between pre-test knowledge and practice score with selected
socio demographic variables.
6.4. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Assess: It refers to evaluate the Knowledge and practice of women regarding safe
household storage and purification of water.
Effectiveness: It refers to the gain in knowledge as determined by significant differences
in pre-test and post test knowledge and practice scores.
Structured Teaching Programme: It refers to systematically developed teaching module
designed for educating Women about safe household storage and purification of water.
Knowledge: It refers to level of understanding and awareness of women regarding safe
household storage and purification of water.
Practices: It refers to methods adopted for safe household storage and purification of
water.
Women: It refers to females between the age group of 20-45years.
Safe household storage of water: it refers to the safe methods of preservation of water in
house settings for domestic use.
Purification: it refers to the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological
contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce
water fit for a specific purpose.
10
6.5. ASSUMPTIONS
1. Women may have some knowledge regarding safe household storage and purification
of water.
2. Women may follow some practice regarding safe household storage and purification of
water.
3. Structured teaching programme may increase the level of knowledge and practice in
safe household storage and purification of water.
6.6. DELIMITATIONS
The study is limited to women residing in selected rural area.
The study is limited to women between the age group of 20-45 years.
6.7. HYPOTHESIS
H1: There will be significant difference in the mean of pre test and post test knowledge and
practice scores of women regarding safe household storage and purification of water.
H2: There will be significant association between the knowledge and practice scores with
selected demographic Variables on safe household storage and purification of water among
the women.
H3: There will be significant relationship between the knowledge and practice of safe
household storage and purification of water among the women.
6.8. RESEARCH VARIABLES:
Independent Variables:
In this study the independent variable will be structured teaching programme on safe
household storage and purification of water.
Dependent Variables:
In this study the dependent variable will be gain in knowledge and practice on safe
household storage and purification of water.
7. MATERIAL AND METHODS
7.1 SOURCE OF DATA
The data will be collected from women residing in selected rural area, Bangalore.
11
7.1.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:
The research design used in this study will be pre- experimental study with one group pre
test and post test design.
Group
Pre test
Intervention
Post test
Single
01
X
02
group
Key:O1 – Pre test: a pre test knowledge and practice regarding safe household storage and
purification of water.
X – Structured teaching programme on safe household storage and purification of water.
O2 – Post test: a post test knowledge and practice regarding safe household storage and
purification of water.
7.1.2. RESEARCH APPROACH:
Evaluative approach
7.1.3. SETTING:
The study will be conducted in selected rural area, Bangalore.
7.1.4. POPULATION:
Population for the study comprises of women between the age group of 20-45 years.
7.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
7.2.1 SAMPLING PROCEDURE:
Purposive sampling technique.
7.2.2 SAMPLE SIZE:
Sample for the study consist of 60 women living in selected rural area, Bangalore.
7.2.3 INCLUSIVE CRITERIA:
Women between the age group of 20-45 years
Women who are living in selected rural area
Women who are willing to participate in the study.
12
7.2.4 EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA:
Women who are not present during course of study.
Women who are non cooperative to provide information.
7.2.5 INSTRUMENT INTENDED TO BE USED:
Part I: A structured questionnaire on Sociodemographic variables.
Part II: A Structured knowledge questionnaire.
Part III: Observation checklist to assess practice.
7.2.6 DATA COLLECTION PLAN:
● Investigator introduces himself to subject and notifies his aims, objectives, and steps of
study and takes written consent.
● Selection of subjects for study.
● Assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding safe household storage and purification
of water by using structured knowledge questionnaire.
● Assess the pretest level of practice regarding safe household storage and purification of
water by using observational checklist.
● Administer structured teaching program on safe household storage and purification of
water.
● Assess the post test level of knowledge regarding safe household storage and purification
of water by using structured knowledge questionnaire.
● Assess the post test level of practice regarding safe household storage and purification of
water by using observational checklist.
7.2.7 DATA ANALYSIS PLAN:
Collected data will be analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
1. Descriptive analysis:
● Frequency and percentage analysis will be used to describe demographic characteristics
of women.
● Mean and standard deviation will be used to assess the knowledge of women.
2. Inferential analysis:
● Paired t-test will be used to test to compare the pretest and posttest knowledge.
● karl pearson`s correlation coefficient will be used to find out the relationship between
knowledge and practice.
13
● Chi-square analysis will be used to find out the association between the pre-test
knowledge scores and demographic variables.
7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INTERVENTION OR INVESTIGATION
TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMANS OR ANIMALS? IF
SO PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY.
Yes, structured teaching program on safe household storage and purification of water
will be administered to women in selected rural area.
7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM INSTITUTION IN
CASE OF 7, 3?
Yes, consent will be obtained from concerned subjects and authority of primary health
centre covering the rural area.
Scientific objectivity of the study will be maintained with honesty and impartiality.
14
8. List of reference:
1. Gulani k k. Principles and Practice Community Health Nursing. 1st ed. Delhi: kumar
publishing house; 2007.
2. http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/Update15.htm
3. http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/india-would-have-water-deficit-50cent-2030-adb
4. http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=77011
5. http://waterbangalore.blogspot.com
6. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Bangalore-Water-Scarcity
7. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/article2947976.ece
8. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/facts2004/en/
9. http://www.indianwaterreview/waterscarcity
10. http://www.cdc.gov/safewater
11. Arjen Y. Global Monthly Water Scarcity: Blue Water Footprints versus Blue Water
Availability. Hoekstra Department of Water Engineering and Management, University
of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
12. Aarti. Resource availability for water supply to Bangalore City, Karnataka. Current
Science, August 25, 2012; 25-29
13. Lea M Biological sand filters: low-cost bioremediation technique for production of clean
drinking water. Current protocol Microbial. 2008May; chap 1: unit 1G.1.1-1G.1.28.
14. Omokhodion FO, Oyemade A, Sridhar MK, Olaseha IO, Olawuyi JF. Diarrhoea in
children of Nigerian Market women: Prevalence, knowledge of causes and management.
J. Diarrhoeal Disease Res: 2006 sep, 16(3): 194-200.
15. Mimi a, Salman R, Water quality and improving Hygienic practices of the rural
community in the Vicinity of Ramallah, Palestine. Environmental Health Res. 2008 Oct;
18(5): 375-85.
16. Haque BA, Hallman K, Levy J, Bouis H, Ali N, Khan F et al. Rural drinking water at
supply and household levels: quality and management. Int. J Hygiene Environ Health.
2006 Sep; 209(5): 451-60.
17. Srila Gopal, Rajiv Sarkar, Kalyan Banda, Jeyanthi Govindarajan, B.B. Harijan, et al.
Study of water supply & sanitation practices in India using geographic information
systems: Some design & other considerations in a village setting. Indian Journal of
Medicine Res 129, March 2009, 233-241
15
18. R.
Chandrasekhar,
Sheela
Roy, Jayaprakash
Muliyil, Gagandeep
Kang.
Water
contamination in urban south India: household storage practices and their implications for
water safety.Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
19. Jyoti Jadhav, D Gopinath. Water Borne Diseases in Bangalore. Available from
http://www.amj.net.au/index.php?journal=AMJ&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D
=474
20. N Gowri. Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge, attitude and
practices regarding tobacco consumption in rural health setting. The nursing journal of
india, http://www.tnai online.org/feb-10/13.htm
21. Ngi TK, Shrestha RR, Dangol B, Maharjan M, Murcott SE. Design for sustainable
development-household drinking water filter for arsenic and pathogen treatment in Nepal.
Journal of Environment Science and Health. A Toxic Hazard substance. 2007 Oct;
42(12); 1879-88.
22. Ms k Kala. Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude of
adolescent girls in prevention of iron and folic acid deficiency anaemia at a selected
corporation school. Coimbatore, Tamilnadu: www.mptnai.org/researchabstract.
16
9
SIGNATURE OF CANDIDATE
10
REMARKS OF THE GUIDE
THIS STUDY IS MORE APPROPRIATE
IN CREATING AWARENESS AMONG
WOMEN
HOUSEHOLD
REGARDING
STORAGE
PURIFICATION OF WATER
11
NAME AND DESIGNATION OF:
Mrs MONIKA PAUL
11.1 GUIDE
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
11.2 SIGNATURE
11.3 CO-GUIDE (IF ANY)
Ms YAGA JAYANTHI M
LECTURER
11.4 SIGNATURE
11.5 HEAD OF THE
Mrs MONIKA PAUL
DEPARTMENT
11.6 SIGNATURE
12
12.1 REMARKS OF THE
PRINCIPAL
12.2 SIGNATURE
17
SAFE
AND
18