Zaozernaya secondary school with advanced studying of separate subjects №16
The Environment and Ecology
INCREASING OF ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF PLANTS USING
MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATION «TURMAX»
Santotsky Eduard
Secondary school №16, Tomsk
Supervisor:
Makarevich А.А.
Teacher of ecology
Tomsk - 2013
Contents
Introduction..............................................................................
•Chapter
1.
The
main
characteristics
of
3
microbiological
preparation
«TurMax».................................................................................................................... 5
• Chapter 2. Restoration of damaged potted culture using «TurMax»........................ 6
•Chapter
•Chapter
3.
4.
Field
Preparation
experiment
with
«TurMax»
for
fruit
potato
crops..................
crops
.....................
8
10
•Conclusion................................................................................................................11
•Literature...................................................................................................................12
•Application...............................................................................................................13
2
Introduction
To the critical conditions of plants cultivation according to the law of
Shelford - Liebig, include the value of the factor or number of factors that will
trigger a hard depression or destruction of the object [3]. In such conditions the
value of the object determines the need for resuscitation or remedial actions.
In the conditions of Tomsk region for fruit and ornamental crops critical
conditions can be considered a long frosty winter period and also hard
abnormalities of agrotechnical methods of growing of cultivated plants.
It is known that in agricultural production the role of limiting factor
performs unfavorable external climatic conditions. To manipulate by these
values of this factor is extremely difficult. But it is possible to regulate
adaptive properties of plants by different methods of biotechnology, acting on
the physiological processes.
One of the frequent private moments of abnormalities of agrotechnical
methods of growing cultural and ornamental plants is the pollution of soils by
excess of chemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides. The soil is the storage of
all substances that people uses in economic activity. The natural soil has
mechanisms of self-purification that people should not violate. Thus, in the
natural environment are cycles of matter and substances and soil recovers.
Tomsk region is an area of critical farming. Growing of fruit, vegetable
and ornamental crops often runs in critical weather conditions, and often with
violation of the agronomic requirements. Together, these factors are the cause
of low productivity and poor quality of the products. However, modern
possibilities of biotechnology allow influencing on the adaptive capacity of
plants, improving their resilience to the difficult conditions of life and
improving the quality of yield. One of the ways of expanding of the adaptive
properties of plants is a using of the microbiological preparation TurMax in the
agrotechnics [2].
3
Purpose:
To search the impact of TurMax on the adaptive capacity of plants in different
situations of critical conditions of cultivation.
Tasks:
1. Selection of copies of the studied crops;
2. Study of conditions and conduct of the research;
3. Analysis of the effectiveness of the TurMax in different conditions and
cultures.
Objects:
1. Damaged potted ornamental plants: Asparagus Sprengeri L.,
Chlorophytum comosum L., Cissus Antarctica L., Monstera deliciosa
borsigiana L., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Begonia corallina L.
2. Fruit plants of the age of 3 years, Apple trees «Gornoaltayskaya» and
virgin cherry.
Methods:
• Cultivation of damaged decorative potted crops according to their agronomic
requirements
and foliar treatment
• Cultivation of the foliage of
of drug
ТурМакс (instructions);
fruit crops by TurMax (according to the
manual);
Hypothesis:
Using microbiological preparation TurMax and techniques of biotechnology
can regulate the adaptive properties of cultivated and decorative plants, to
conduct rescue and restoration work.
4
Chapter 1
The main characteristics of microbiological preparation «TurMax»
TurMax is the microbiological preparation developed by Research Center
«Planta» as a complex economical foliar top dressing of plants for their full
development.
TurMax is intended for foliar application at any stage of the development of
plants: tomato, cucumber, eggplant, peppers, potatoes, squash, zucchini,
watermelons, melons, carrots, beet, carrot, onion, garlic, turnip, radish, garden
radish, cabbage, dill, lettuce, strawberries, beans and green crops, fruit trees,
flowers and bushes.
TurMax is the complex foliar top dressing of plants for their full
development, universal protection from diseases, pests, drought and other negative
factors.
The basis of TurMax is a complete starter set of macronutrients,
micronutrients in their optimal ratio and biologically active substances of the
plants, forming with the elements of power easily accessible complexes for plants.
Trace elements are need for the plant during the whole vegetation period, but
especially in the critical phases of growth and development. The first important
moment is getting of healthy seedlings. The second period is during replanting
seedlings in greenhouses. The third stage is a budding stage. The fourth one is the
period of mass flowering. The fifth moment is the fruiting phase.
In many life processes occurring in plants on the molecular level,
microelements take the most active part. Acting through the enzymatic system or
directly contacting with biopolymers of the plants, microelements can act on the
processes of growth, development and reproductive function of the plants.
Application of the preparation TurMax:
5
• Concentrate dilution: 25 ml for 1-2 litres of water;
• Cultivating of the plants in the morning;
• Cultivating the lower sides of leaves;
• Use of the preparation at all stages of plant development.
Chapter 2.
Restoration of damaged potted culture using «TurMax»
In the spring of 2010 replanting of plants have had. For this work
artificial ground «Garant» was acquired. All plants in the school office were
replanted in one day. However, after 2-3 days plants have begun to fade, turn
yellow and dry one by one. Then it became clear, that's the cause is the
ground, which did not match the stated parameters of quality. The plants had
to resuscitate.
On the 5th day replanting of the plants have had in new soil (mixture
of humus and soil). During the replanting serious damage of the root system
of all plants were detected. However, the root system containing nodules
looked healthier.
The roots of the plants were washed with water to remove remnants of
soil. Then the damaged part was cut off. After it the replanting of the plants
began to the new pre-prepared soil. Watering is carried out only clean water.
The composition of a soil mixture: 2 parts of humus (from under a
willow), 1 part of sand and 2 parts of garden soil (+2 tablespoons of chalk)
[4].
After 2 weeks after replanting of damaged plants we held the first foliar
spraying of the preparation «TurMax» in a dose of 1 ml in 5 l of water. Such plants
nutrition will not expose the root system of additional chemical attacks. Nutrition
elements of this preparation are well absorbed through the leaves.
6
Results:
1. All 6 species of the plants have survived.
2. Resuscitation period was the summer-autumn period. Reanimated plants
were cultivated with using combined method: preparation of soil mixture
according to the requirements of culture and the foliar top dressing of
TurMax.
3. Only plants with a large sheet have restored their decorative (hibiscus and
monstera). It explains the high effect of foliar nutrition. The plants with small
sheets have restored only partially.
4. Plants with root system with tubers recovered more slowly.
5. Thus one of the methods of reviving of hard damaged potting cultures was
worked. This method is a combining of root and foliar nutrition.
7
Chapter 3.
Field experiment with fruit crops
Agronomic characteristics of the preparation TurMax allow to suggest
that its application will allow the fruit crops better prepare for a winter's hard
conditions and to develop better in the cold and wet summer [8]. To test this
idea young apple trees «Gornoaltayskaya» and virgin cherry in the age of 3
years were selected. Because there were 2 trees of every species in the
garden, only one tree was selected for the experience. The second tree was
controlling.
Cultivating by preparation TurMax was conducted through the foliage
of the plant in August, 10. Preparation’s remains were used around the trees.
August in 2010 was cold and rainy. All plants early began to prepare for the
winter period. Growth buds on the ends of twigs widened, the growth
stopped. At the end of August yellowed leaves appeared.
Observation:
In mid-September yellowing of leaves of untreated plants was complete.
Apple and bird cherry (Picture 7) were preparing for leaf fall. However, the
treated by preparation TurMax plants were still green (Picture 8). Their
leaves didn’t lose chlorophyll. There have been suggestions that they did not
have time to prepare for winter, didn’t stop growth processes. Falling leaves
of these plants came only in 7 - 10 days later.
Result:
Winter in 2010/2011 was frosty, though and very snowy. Strong frosts
below 30°, lasted more than two weeks. For fruit plants the frost period
determines the quality of wintering [4].
Both trees of Virgin cherry came out in the spring of 2011 after winter
in normal condition. The difference in development between them was not
detected. Buds developed identically. Apple trees came out of the winter
8
condition much longer. Their buds were without the signs of life. By the end
of May up only one apple tree, which was treated with the TurMax, revived.
Its development was slow, she seemed to be unhealthy. Whole vegetation
period it needed an extra care. Control apple tree in frosty period did not
survive.
Vegetation period:
Coming out of the winter condition in the end of May 2012, virgin
cherry began to flower, and the tree treated be TurMax, gave greater weight
of flowering than the control one.
Treated apple tree came out of the period of winter with great
difficulties, it needed additional treatment. Apple started flowering for 2-3
weeks later, however, the fruit it never brought.
Thus, we can conclude that unroot treatment of fruit trees with TurMax
enhances their winter resistance due to better preparing of physiological
processes in late summer. The same preparation can be used during as a
reanimation treatment after long period of frost for survivor, but ill plants.
9
Chapter 4.
Preparation «TurMax» for potato crops
An experiment of the influence of a biological product TurMax on
agricultural plant potatoes was begun in 2009 by pupil of school №16 Maria
Shagarova on two land areas in different districts and settlements of Tomsk
region. One of the areas of the North Kargasok district within 2 years was
under a steam treatment to accelerate the recovery of soil fertility [9]. The area
in the Southern Shegarsky district had a high agronomic indicator. One of the
indicators of the effectiveness of TurMax, which Maria Shagarova Шагарова
has defined, was the yield (number of tubers in the nest/number).
Observation:
• After the first treatment it was visually observed that the experienced bushes
compared with controlled had differences in the sizes (were higher and wider);
• The color of the leaves was richer;
• The flowering phase of potatoes in treated and untreated bushes came at the
same time;
• In the bushes of treated potatoes in the area №1 total number of tubers was
up almost in 30%, than in the control (Table 1). The area №2 – in 40 and 55%
(Table №2, №3)
• Potato tubers are not contaminated with diseases;
• Tubers in the treated bushes are larger and plainer (Picture 10).
Total:
Thus, the yield of potatoes treated be TurMax improved significantly. On the
pilot area №1 the number of potatoes tubers was almost in 30% more, than in
control. On the area №2 this ratio was 40% and 55%. The soil rested without
monocultures not only preserve their fertility, but also gives a great result due
to biotechnology.
10
Conclusion
1. For the recovering of the plants, caught in critical conditions (soil
pollution, freezing, long cold period) we can use the methods and
preparation of the biotechnology. The method is the foliar nutrition. The
preparation is TurMax.
2. Decorative potted culture, the roots of which died from chemical toxicity
of the soil, can be restored using a foliar nutrition by TurMax. The
experience demonstrate, that the decorative plants having nodules, save
resilience in case of poisoning better, but takes more time to recover. Plants
with a broad leaves better absorb a foliar top dressing and recover faster.
3. As a result of a field experiment on fruit crops revealed that culture
suffer different frosty period and react differently to foliar feeding. Virgin
cherry endured very well frosts and didn’t demonstrate the benefits of
autumn application with the control tree. The treatment of the apple tree
brought good result. Treated tree survived the frost winter and rehabilitated
in the spring-summer period with the help of the same preparation.
4. Experiment of Maria Shagarova on the culture of potatoes in the summer
vegetation period of 2009 showed a high positive result. Soil fertility was
saved, a crop of good quality and in sufficient numbers was received in the
areas of different seed bed preparation. Yield increased by 30%, 40% and
55%.
5. Methods and preparation of biotechnology allow restoring and saving the
plants in extreme conditions of their existence.
11
Literature:
1. N. S. Evseeva, L. N. Okisheva Geografija Tomskoj oblasti (Uchebnoe
posobie), Tomsk, Izd-vo «Pechatnaja manufaktura», 2004g
2. E. S. Karataev, «Nastol'naja kniga ovoshhevoda», Leningrad,
«Agropromizdat», 1989g.
3. V. B. Kupressova, N. P. Litkovskaja, G. R. Mudarisova i dr.
Jekologija. Primery, fakty, problemy Tomskoj oblasti. Tomsk, Izd-vo
«Pechatnaja manufaktura», 2011g., str. 13-23.
4. Polevoj V.V.
«Fiziologija rastenija», Moskva, «Vysshaja shkola»,
1999g, razdel «Mineral'noe pitanie»
5. www.dachnikam.ru/
6. www.flowers-house.ru/
7. www.floralworld.ru/
8. Instrukcija po primeneniju biopreparata Turmaks
9. M. Shagarova. Proektno – issledovatel'skaja rabota «Biotehnologii na
zashhite pochvennogo plodorodija i urozhaja sel'skohozjajstvennyh
kul'tur», Tomsk, 2010g.
12
Applcation
Picture 1. Monstera Borziga,
restored. Photo by author.
Picture 3. Asparagus Sprenger,
restored. Photo by author
Picture 2. Roicissus Antarctic,
restored. Photo by the author
Picture 4. Chlorophytum crested,
restored. Photo by author.
Picture 5. Begonia coral,
restored. Photo by author.
Picture 6. Hibiscus, Chinese
rose, restored. Photo by author.
Picture 7. Virgin cherry, treated tree. Photo by
author.
Picture 8. Virgin cherry, control tree. Photo
by author.
14
Picture 10. Potatoes from the area №2. Photo
by M.Shagarova
Picture 9. Virgin cherry, treated tree. Photo by
author.
Table №1
The number of fruits in the bush (PCs)
Treated
Untreated
15
9
33
10
11
17
14
5
15
13
5
14
11
16
Total
13
10
19
15
18
11
10
12
9
10
30
8
6
8
14
12
15
12
How
many
times
more
238
182
1,31
В%
130,77
100
Table №2
The number of fruits in the bush (PCs)
Total
Treated
8
7
10
11
3
5
9
6
12
7
8
16
102
Untreated
4
3
7
6
5
5
4
6
7
5
12
9
73
How many times
more
1,4
В%
139,73
100
Table №3
The number of fruits in the bush (PCs)
Total
How many times
more
В%
1,5
154,66
Treated
10
16
9
14
11
22
14
10
10
116
Untreated
4
11
6
8
7
14
11
8
6
75
15
100