AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
BarryGrantistheDirectorofInformationTechnologyatManchesterCommunityCollegeinConnecticut.Hisroleforthisproject
wastodevelopandresearchthevision,createaconceptualplan,navigatemyriadlayersofbureaucracy,findtheresources,build
thetechnicalteamandchampiontheprojectbybuildingsupportthroughouttheinstitution.MattKozloskiistheDirectorof
TechnologyandSeniorVirtualizationEngineeratKelserCorporationinEastHartford,CT.Mattwastheprimarysystemdesigner
andengineerheadingthejointtechnicalteamfromManchesterCommunityCollegeandKelserCorporation.
Introduction
ManchesterCommunityCollege(MCC)haschangedthewaywedelivercomputeresourcesfor
ourinstitution.Ourvisionwastocreateabaseinfrastructuretosupportandgrowvirtualized
desktopenvironmentsthroughoutthecampus.Theinitialphasesofprojecthavebeen
completedandareprovingtobehighlysuccessfulinchangingthewaywedeploy,manageand
sustaincomputingtechnologyforourstudents,staffandfaculty.
Thisfundamentalchangewasenvisionedaboutfiveyearsagobutaswithanylargescaleproject
ofthistypethatdisrupttheexistingculturetherewasconsiderableworktobedoneto
overcomeresistancetochangeaswellastoinsureadequatefundingwasinplace.Aboutfour
yearsagoITleadershipfromManchesterCommunityCollegeattendedapresentationatthe
annualNERCOMPconferencebyateamfromFitchburgStateUniversityandGreenfield
CommunityCollegewhopresentedtheirapproachforlargescaledesktopvirtualizationprojects.
Thatpresentationandsomefollowupconversationswiththepresentersprovidedimportant
informationthatwasmassivelyhelpfulinseeingourvisionbecomereality.Forthegenerous
timespentmostgraciouslyhelpingMCCwewouldliketoacknowledgeandthank
SteveSchwartzfromFitchburgStateandMichaelAssaffromGreenfieldCommunityCollege.
Oneofthemostimportantaspectsoftheirpresentationwasthatanyframeworkfora
developmentofaVDIenvironmentfirstrequiresbuildingafoundationforsuccessfulcultural
changewithintheinstitution.Thosekeyconceptsprovedsoimportanttooursuccessful
outcomesthatitseemedsharingthemagainwithothersinterestedsuchchangewouldbe
valuableandhencetheyprovidethebasisforthispresentation.AsOscarWildesaid,“Theonly
thingtodowithgoodadviceistopassiton.Itisneverofanyusetooneself.”
Thetitleofthispresentationis“AVDIDesignforCulturalChange”andhoweffectivewearein
cultivatingthatchangeiscriticaltothesuccessorfailureofthiskindofproject.MCC,likemany
highereducationinstitutionshasculturalinclinationsthatarewellentrenchedandthoughsome
remaingoodfortheinstitution,othershaveanegativeeffectonprogressandsustainability.
Thoughwehadavisionandastrategyforamoreagileandsustainablecomputingenvironment
weneededtoinsurewecouldalignwiththepositiveaspectsoftheexistingculture.
Changeishard.Whenmanypeoplegetcomfortablewiththeirtechnologytoolstheyresistany
changefiercely.Weapproachedthisintransigencebystartingthechangeprocesswith
influentialpeopleatourcollege.Additionally,theunderlyingfiscalchallengesandharshreality
ofdiminishingresourceswhichgerminatedourstrategicdirectionwerebecomingmorereadily
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
acknowledgedbyourconstituencies.Weevangelizedourprojectwiththemessagethatitwould
provideanenvironmentthatwouldnotonlybesustainablebutprovidebettertoolsandservices
inamoreagiledeliverymodel.Theincreasinglychallengingexternalfactorswereturnedintoa
positivedriverforreachingourstrategicgoal.
Belowarelistedseveralkeycomponentsforthelife-cycleofthisproject’sdevelopmentandthey
willbeaddressedinorder:
o BuildaBusinessCase
o BuildInclusiveSupport
o DesignwithExpertise
o DeployStrategically
o PrepareforSuccess
BuildingaBusinessCase
Ourexternalenvironmenthasbeenchanginginanumberofwaysthatareincreasinglyand
negativelyeffectingtheresourcesavailabletoourcollege.Asastateagencyweareheavily
dependentonourlegislaturetocontinueinvestinginhighereducationatthelevelsrequiredto
supportouroperations.Unfortunately,ourstatehasbeeninandremainsinacascadingseries
ofbudgetcrisesandourresourcescontinuetodiminish.Enrollmentnumbershavealsobeen
droppingoverthepastfewyearsasanticipatedbythedemographicoutlookforprospective
students.Thisalltranslatestolimitationsonourabilitytomeetplannedreplacementcyclesfor
systemsandstaffingreductionsthathaveasignificantimpactonourabilitytosupportexisting
infrastructure.
Pastexperienceandthoroughandaccuratecost-valueanalysesdemonstratesthatavirtualized
desktopenvironmentcanprovidesavingsandsustainabilitybutalsopresentedanumberof
technicalchallenges.VDItechnologyhasnowmaturedtopointwhereitcanbeanecessityfor
operationalsustainability.
Technologyneedskeepgrowinginscaleandcomplexitynearlyeverywherebuthighereducation
institutionsunlikemanybusinessesarecompelledtodeliveranenormousrangeofplatforms,
servicesandapplicationsaswepreparestudentsformyriadfields.Wherebusinessescan
strategicallyplantoreplaceasingleapplicationwhentheirbudgetbestsuitssuchachangewe
mustattimescontinuetomaintainnumerousversionsforacademicpurposesaswellasto
supporttheadministrativeneedsofthecollege.
VDIpromotesamoresustainableenvironmentbybettercontrolofsupportpersonnelcostsasas
systemsproliferateandcontinuetobecomemorecomplex.Virtualizingthousandsofmoving
partsvastlyimprovesthereliabilityofsystems.Additionally,VDIpermitsmassivereductionsin
deploymenttimesforsystemsandimagesandabettersupportexperienceforusers.System
replacementcyclescanbeeasilydoubledoreventripledandhardwarereplacementcostsare
significantlylowerovertheprojectlife-cycle.OurVDIdesignalsoencompassedinformation
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
securityenhancements,bothintheinitialdeploymentsandtoahigherlevelinplannedfuture
configurations.Otherpositiveoutcomesarereductionsinenvironmentalwaste,inpower
consumptionandfarmoreagilityandflexibilityindeployments.
TheremaybeequivalentorsuperiorbenefitstoDAASforhighereducationinstitutionsinthe
futureandthevirtualdesktopinfrastructurepositionsuswellforamoveinthatdirection.
Currentlyforourinstitutiontherearestilltoomanybureaucraticcomplexitiesinvolvingboth
securityandcontractstomovedirectlytoacloudsolution.
Insummaryseveralconvergingfactorshelpedustocreateastrongbusinesscaseforthis
transformation.First,fromtheperspectiveoftechnicalmaturity,webelieveweareatan
inflectionpointwherethecurveofMoore’sLawisbeginningtoflattenoutbecauseweare
approachingsomefundamentallimitsofphysicsduetominiaturization
andmanufacturingattheatomiclevel.Atsomefuturepointwiththe
evolutionofnewtechnologiessuchasgraphenenanoribbonsand
nanotubesorquantumandopticalcomputersthecurvewillturn
upwardsagain.Butrightnowweareatastrategicinflectionpointand
needtomakeafundamentalchangeinstrategy.
Overthepastdecadestechnologyinnovationshaverenderedpredecessortechnologiesobsolete
veryrapidly.Nowwithsecurityandsustainabilityofsystemsofgrowingimportanceandwithour
shrinkingresources,rapidobsolescencethreatenssmoothcontinuedoperations.WeviewVDI
asabridgetoamoresustainablemodelforthefuture.Ithelpsustomeetthedemandfora
moreflexibleagilecomputingenvironment,providesusamoreelasticcapacityandisfarmore
fiscallysustainableandenvironmentallyresponsible.
BuildingInclusiveSupport
AlongwithcreatingfundingmodelsthatwillsustainourIToperationsweneedtoarticulateto
thecollegecommunitywhywearemakingthesestrategicchoices.Mostimportantlyitmustbe
explicitlycleartoinstitutionalleadersthatbygoingforwardwedevelopasustainablefunding
modelwhilemeetingbothacademicandadministrativeneedsandimprovingservicesand
support.
Weknowwewillbeincreasinglypressedtobalancecostswithrealbenefitsandalsothatour
institutionalmissiondemandswecontinuetoprovidethehighestlevelsanddiversityofservices.
Itisthereforecriticaltostrengthenandleveragerelationshipswithgovernancegroups,connect
ourplanofexecutionwithourcollege’sstrategicplanning,andexploitfundingmodelstiedto
ourinstitutionalstrategies.Buildingsupportthroughoutthecollegecommunityisessentialto
success.
Suchasignificantchangemusthavesupportfromthehighestlevelsoftheinstitutionandinour
case,fromthestatesystem.ThePresidentandcabinetmembersmustbefirstonboardand
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
fullycommittedtothechange.Inourcasethestatesystem’sCIOwasalsovitallyimportantto
oursuccessandheprovidedcriticalsupportwithintheBoardofRegents.
Earlyonintheprocessfacultymemberswhoarethoughtleadersandwellrespectedbytheir
peerswereindividuallysoughtoutandeducatedthoroughlyontherationaleandbenefitsofthe
project.Theseinfluentialpeoplewereimportantearlychampionsfortheprojectandarecritical
laterinthesupport-buildingprocesswhenmeetingwithvariouscollegegovernancegroups.
Withthesupportandcommitmentofleadershipandfacultythoughtleadersinplaceitmight
seemasiftheheavyliftingisdonebutdeliveringconvincingpresentationstothevarious
governancebodiesisnotaneasytask.OurourinstitutiontheAcademicSenateisapowerful
bodysogainingsupportfromthisgroupwasabsolutelycritical.Whenthisgovernancegroup
wasconvenedforabriefingonourplannedVDIinitiativetherewasclearlyanaspectofsafetyin
numbersthatcreatedsomewhatofanofan“openseason”forveryspecificandindividualized
questionsfromthemembers.Thoroughpreparationformeetingeveryquestionanddoubtwith
wellsupportedandclearanswerswasabsolutelyessentialandflippedthegroup’sfearof
culturalchangeandasomewhatadversarialatmospheretooneofexcitementforthefuture.
Thebestevidenceoftheseresultswasthatmanyofthemostvocalandadversarialvoicesduring
thepresentationpro-activelysoughtoutourprojectteamafterwardsandaskedtobeincluded
ontheshortlistoffirstdeployments.
DesignwithExpertise
Thereisawealthofinformationondesigninganddeployingvirtualdesktopinfrastructurereadily
availablefromaspectrumofhardwareandsoftwarevendorsandothers.ButasEinsteinsaid
morethanonce,informationisnotknowledge.Amongthemostcriticalfactorsforsuccessina
projectsuchasthisistohaveextensiveexpertiseonhandfromveryearlyonintheprocess.
Whileexperienceinthevariouscomponentareasofavirtualdesktopinfrastructuremaybe
readilyavailableinternally,suchashypervisorandSANmanagement,imagecreation,
networkingandsecurity,etc.,puttingalltherequiredpiecestogetherinacoherentandcapable
systemrequiresspecialaptitude,knowledgeandtalent.AnastheBritishfilmmakerColinClark
stated,“Skillsarecommon.Talentisrare.”
Basedonextensiveresearchandmanymeetingswithintegrationexperts,VMwareUserGroups,
andwithotherinstitutionsthathadsuccessfullyimplementedsimilarinfrastructure,ourcollege
retainedtheservicesofanexcellentconsultant.Twothingswhichprovedmostvaluabletoour
successwerethattheleadengineerandvirtualizationexpertbroughtararecombinationof
expertise,talentandsuperbcollaborationskillstothetableandthatthefirmweworkedwith
wasincloseproximitytoourcollege.Beinglessthanfivemilesapartwasextremelyhelpfulin
managingmanymeetings,demonstrationsandthelike.
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
“Anexpertissomeonewhoknowssomeoftheworstmistakesthatcanbemade
inhissubject,andhowtoavoidthem.”
―WernerHeisenberg
Planning
FromtheoutsetourcollegeITteamcollaboratedwithourconsultantstoinsurewewouldmeetourhigh
leveldesigngoals.Weestablishedsomebasicdesigngoalslikeenhancingtheuserexperience,reducing
costsandstreamliningsupport;beingmindfulofwhyweweredoingthis.Weestablishedsomedesign
principlesthatsupportedourgoals.Ourdesignprinciplesincludedbuildingonsmallsuccesses,keeping
designssimpleandefficient,andleveragingsmarttechnology.Thiswasourguidingframework,whichwe
referredbacktoduringthecourseoftheproject.Wemadesurerequirementsanddesigndecisions
alwaysreflectedthereasonswehadsetout.
It’scriticaltohaveaplan.You’llprobablywanttostartyourVDIprojectwithadesignphase.Duringthe
designphaseyou’llcollectinformationaboutyourusers,howtheyusetheirsystems,whatappstheyare
usingandvalidatewhethertheyfityourinitialselectiontopilotVDI.Spendalotoftimeinthisphase–
planningupfrontisgoingtobecriticaltoyoursuccesslateron.Trytouncoveranyandallrequirements,
trytolimitanddocumentanyassumptions,andusethattodriveadesign.Sincethingslikehardwareand
softwareareeasiertoconceptualize,itcanfeeleasiertostartwiththatandbackintoadesigninsteadof
collectingrequirementsandusingthattodriveadesignwhichinturndriveshardwareandsoftware
decisions.
Onceyouhaveadesignandhaveinstalledthehardwareandsoftwaretospec,testtesttest.Spendalot
oftimetestingbothforfunctionalityandperformance.Thispre-productionenvironmentisthebestway
togetafeelforitsmaximumpotentialandensureitoperateswithinyourdesignspec.Makethingsfail.
Pushperformancetesting.Unplugstuff.Shutthingsoff.Getcomfortableoperatingtheenvironment,
andmakesureitperformsasdesigned.Maybesomethinghappenedyoudidn’taccommodateforinyour
initialdesignandthedesignneedstobealtered.
Aftertestingduringtheinitialdeploymentwetriedtobeasinvisibleaspossible.Theideawastonot
necessarilyletpeopleknowwhat’sgoingon–justorganicallyletthenewsystemmakeitswayout.It
shouldn’t“feel”likesuchahugechangetoyouruserswhentheygettheirnewdesktop.
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
Ourimplementationresidesonabrandnewpoolofresources,madeofhigh-endservers,flash/SSD
storage,andadvancedsoftware.Thedesignincorporatesbestpracticesincluding:
o Availability:Redundantphysicallinks,redundantmanagementinterfaces,redundant
processing,vSphereHA
o Performance:vSphereESXiwithvSphereDRS,PureStorageallflash/SSDarray,high-speed
linksbetweencomponents(10GbEand8GbFC),Intelv3E5processorsandRAM.
o Support/Management:VMwareHorizonSuiteandUnideskdesktop/applicationcomposition.
Management
Students
Networking
Server
Storage
Software
VMwarevSphere/HorizonSoftware
Faculty
VDIResources
Staff
High-LevelDesign
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
LogicalDesignView
udesk-mgmt
udesk-cp01
hzn-cs01
udesk-cp02
hzn-vcenter
Unidesk
hzn-cs02
hzn-composer
hzn-mgmt
Horizon/vSphere
VirtualDesktops
HA/DRSCluster
PURE1234_MGMT_01/500GB
PURE1234_DEV_01/2TB
PURE1234_VDI01_01/1.5TB
PURE1234_VDI01_02/1.5TB
PURE1234_VDI01_03/1.5TB
VMwarevSphere
PURE1234_VDI01_04/1.5TB
PURE1234_VDI01_05/1.5TB
MaxlinkedclonesperVMFSLUN=128
50%UtilizationFormula:NumberofVMs*(50%
ofreplicadisk+memoryofVM)+(2*replicadisk)
64*(.5*50GB+4GB)+(2*50GB)
64*16.5+100=1156;roundupto1.5TBor
1536MB
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
Unideskistheapplicationthatcomposesafinaldesktopbaseduponlayers.ItusesaMaster
CachePointandstandardCachePointvirtualappliancestoachievethis.Unideskwasdeployand
configuredfortheVMwareHorizonViewenvironment.Poolsarecreatedandmanagedin
Horizon,whiledesktopsaremanagedandcomposedbyUnidesk.Goldimagesarecapturedby
Unidesk,asareapplicationlayers.Theapplicationlayersaregroupedintotemplatesand
deployedtothegivenpools.Unideskalsohasprovisionstocreatepersistentandnon-persistent
userpersonalizationlayers.
LogicalDiagramofUnideskLayering
PersonalSettings
PersonalApps
AppLayer3
AppLayer2
AppLayer1
Windows7
CachePoint
Appliance
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
PhysicalDesignView
Nexus5672UP
Nexus6296(FI)
UCS2208XP(FEX)
UCS5108(Chassis)
Nexus2232PP(FEX)
UCSC240(VIC1340MLOM)
Legend:
PureFA-405-11TB
10G-SRMulti-mode
10GTwinax
8G-FiberChannel
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
StrategicDeployment
Asnotedearlierthefirstphaseofourprojectwasconcernedwithpopulationselection.During
thisphaseweconductednumerousandintensivewhiteboardsessionswiththeentireproject
teaminordertoidentifytheoptimalcandidatesforimmediatesuccessuponinitialdeployment.
Oneofkeygoalsinthisareawastohavetheinitialdeploymentbeverydiverse,provewecould
serverawiderangeofacademicandadministrativeneedsandincludepersistentandnonpersistentdesktops.Althoughwedidhavemanyvolunteerstobefirstadoptersofthenew
systemwealsofeltitwasimportanttofindseverallargeandhomogeneousgroupsinhigh
visibilitylocations.Thisstrategywassuccessfulinbuildingtheperceptionandreputationofthe
VDIenvironmentashighlydesirableandreliablethroughoutthecampus.Alongwiththese
largerpopulationgroupswealsodeployedthenewsystemstokeyleadershipareasandtosome
ofthemostwidelyrespectedandinfluentialthoughtleadersatthecollege.
Afterthefirstdeploymentwavewascompletedourplanningevaluatedcandidatesaccordingto
ourfirstprinciplesbutalsowiththeintentiontoweavesubsequentdeploymentsseamlesslyand
incrementallythroughoutthecampus.Thegoalinexpandingthistransformativeenterprise
architectureisthatitbewovenintoourexistingoperationssmoothly.Thisstrategyhasmultiple
benefitsincludingreducingstressonourdeploymentteams,minimizingdisruptions,incremental
performancemonitoringandcultivatingasteadilygrowingdemandforchangeamongourusers.
Thislastbenefitisveryimportantinmaintainingthemomentumofculturalchange.
PrepareforSuccess
Thisprojectwaspromotedasaproofofconcepthowevertheinitialdesignwasintentionally
scaledtoservethecollegesneedwellinexcessofthePOC.SomewhatlikeaCatch-22effectis
inherentinthebuildoutofavirtualdesktopinfrastructure.Thatis,inordertoactuallyrealizea
returnonaninvestmentintothistechnologyyouneedtodeployatascalethatmakesareturn
viable.AlthoughalocalPOCmightbebuiltonasmallscalemostofthatinvestmentwouldbe
wastedinscalingupandreasonsfordoingsomightnotbequiteapparent.Thischaracteristicof
thetechnologyisthebestreasontofindandvisitaninstitutionthatissimilarinsize,demands
andprojectedprojectscopethathassuccessfullyimplementedVDI.
Bypreparingforsuccesswewereabletorespondtoanearlyimmediatedemandforwider
deploymentofzeroclients.Webudgetedwiththisinmindandalreadybeginningtoreapthe
benefitsofcostsavings.WearedeliveringvirtualwindowsPConzeroclientsforsignificantly
lessthantraditionalPCs.Thecentralizedmanagementforprovisioning,deployingandupdating
classrooms,labsandofficesisfarmoreefficientandserviceandsupportcallsarerare.Weare
nowwellpositionedtoadapttothechangingnatureofstudentdemandsandacademic
computingrequirements.Wehaveimprovedsecuritycontrolsandhavegreatlyreducedrisk,
arebetterequippedtomeetcomplianceregulations,andhavereducedtheincidenceofviruses.
Wearealsomuchbetterabletocontrolandpreventdatalossintheeventofanoutage.Weare
alsorealizinganescapefromtheneverendingbuy-configure-deploy-maintain-fix-repeatpattern
aswellasseeingsignificantenergysavings.
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AVDIDesignforCulturalChange
3.22.2016
Conclusions
InordertocontinuetobeeffectiveourITarchitecturerequiredaradicalchangetoensurethat
goingforwardoursystems,services,anddataflowsareabletosupportourmission,business
processesandareabletoadvanceourinstitutionalstrategy.Weneededanefficientand
sustainableITarchitecturetofacilitateinteroperabilitywithnewtechnologiesanddemands.
ThisprojecthasequippedMCCtobeagileinrespondingtochangingdemandsoffaculty,staff
andstudents.ByimplementingavirtualdesktopinfrastructureMCCisbetterableto
strategicallyplanforrapidlychangingdemandsandaddressthecomputingneedsofthe
institution.Althoughtheproductiondeploymentisveryrecentwearealreadybeginningto
realizesavingsinsystemreplacements.Projectedsavingsoverthelife-cycleofthisprojectwill
accruetomillionsofdollars.
Ourcollegeisalsoachievingmanytechnicalandoperationaladvantagesthroughthis
implementationofVDI.Thissystemisdeliveringaconsistentworkstationexperiencewithhigh
reliabilitytoendpointsthroughoutthecampus.Wearefarbetterequippednowtodeliver
imageredeploymentonshortnotice.Softwarechangesorupgradescanbenearly
instantaneous.Wealsoareleveragingthelayeringcomponentofthedesigntogainsecurity,
updateandpatchmanagementadvantages.Ourhelpdeskisbenefitingfromasimplifiedsupport
modelandthereisamarkedimprovementinendpointreliability.Whenremediationiscalled
fortheturnaroundtimesaregreatlyreducedgenerallymakingdowntimenegligible.
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