Towards an operational
Global component of GMES Land Monitoring Core Service
F. Camacho, R. Lacaze, I. Trigo, F. Baret, G. Balsamo, K. Dabrowska, V. Lefèvre,
J.C. Calvet, W. Wagner, P. Deforuny, K. Tansey, G. Borstlap, M. Leroy
EOLAB, HYGEOS, IM, INRA, ECMWF, IgiK, ITF, MF, TU Wien,
UCL, UL,VITO, CNES
European Commission Fast Track Service Land within the GMES initiative in FP-7
© geoland2 consortium
Outline
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 Context
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Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES )
Land Monitoring Core Service (LMCS)
Needs for Global LMCS
 Users
 Global Land Monitoring Core Service
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Requirements
Land Cover & LC Change
Vegetation, Radiation, Fire
Snow, Ice
 Implementation: The Geoland-2 project
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Background
Functional view
 BioPar Core Mapping Service
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Objectives
Structure
Portfolio
 Quality Assessment Plan
 SDI
 Summary
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Global environment under pressure …
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e.g. man-made and climate induced changes in Europe
Water – 20% of all surface water
sources seriously threatened by pollution
Soil Erosion – 17% of total European land area affected,
economic loss around 85 € per ha
Biodiversity – 335 species highly
endangered in Europe
Agriculture – intensification leads to water stress,
soil erosion and biodiversity decline
Urban Settlements and transport networks growing - leads
to soil sealing and fragmentation of landscape
Man-made impact & climate variability – require adaptation
Directives & Regulations – requesting geo-spatial monitoring
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Context
 Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
(GMES) aims to provide, on a sustained basis, reliable
and timely geo-information services related to
environmental and security issues in support of public
policy makers’ needs
 GMES is an EU-led initiative, in which ESA implements
the space component and the European Commission
manages actions for developing services, relying on
both in-situ and space-borne remote sensing data.
 GMES basic architecture
 Infrastructures: In-situ and Space data
 Core Mapping Services : Generic products
 Down-stream services: End-users applications
 “Fast Track” Services
 Marine Monitoring
 Emergencies Response
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Land Monitoring Core Service
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Needs for a Global Land Monitoring Core Service
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Why?
 Because environmental protection and civil security are global issues
that require global monitoring to provide an informed basis for action.
 EU 'development' policies
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European Consensus on Development (Enviroment, Water, Agriculture, Rural Devl)
European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid
Joint Africa-EU Strategy (AMESD, GMES & AFRICA)
Other relevant policies (Thematic Strategy for Food Security, Environment and
Natural Resources Thematic Program (ENRTP), EU Water Initiative (EUWI))
 International environmental treaties
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UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (eg. Kioto Protocol).
UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
UN Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD)
UN Forum on Forest (UNFF) + UN Millennium Development Goals
 Link with other international initiatives
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Global LMCS will be part of GEOSS
Linked to GCOS, GTOS, IGOS, CEOS…
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Users
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 Users
 European institutions (DG DEV, DG AIDCO, DG ENV, DG AGRI, EEA)
 International bodies (IPCC, UNFCCC, UNCCD, UNCBD)
 International agencies (FAO, UNEP, ECMWF, JRC-ACP, JRC/FOODSEC.)
 Other organisations (AMESD, GEO,..)
 Research on Earth Science System (ESSP, WCRP, IGBP, …)
 NGO, Civil society, Private sector (crop production, forest ..)
 Need geo-information products for
 Climate Change, including Carbon fluxes;
 Land degradation and desertification;
 Forest and natural resources
 Biodiversity
 Water resources
 Agriculture and Food resources
 Urban and regional development
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Global Land Monitoring Core Service
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 Three service elements:
 Global Systematic Monitoring Services ( ECVs)
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Land Cover and Land Cover Change
Vegetation, Fire, Radiation
Water and Soil
Snow, Glacier, Ice, permafrost
Hot Spots ad hoc Monitoring Services (eg. GMES & Africa)
Thematic Services (eg. Land Carbon, Crop Monitoring)
 Definition of product ‘status’:
 Development: Products under development
 Pre-operational: Products generated routinely and available to beta-users
for evaluation. Further improvements are expected after validation.
 Operational: Products generated routinely and validated.
 Accuracy level:
 Threshold accuracy: Minimum acceptable quality.
 Target accuracy: Commitment from the producer.
 Optimal accuracy: Maximum expected accuracy.
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Global Land Monitoring Core Service
 Requirements
 Consistent long-time series of ECVs
 Improving spatial resolution (better than 1 km when possible)
 Products independent of satellite sensors (multi-sensor approach)
 Products with uncertainties defined according to CEOS WGCV
procedures
 Land Cover & Land Cover Change
ECV
Horizontal
resolution
Frequency of
product update
Error1
Maturity
Land cover maps
X
250m / 1km
1year
15%
pre-operational
Fine-scale land cover maps
X
10-30 m
1-5 years
15%
pre-operational
Global land cover dynamics and
disturbances (for several processes)
X
250m / 1km
Intra-annual/
long-time series
15%
pre-operational
Fine-scale land cover change
X
10-30 m
1-5 years
15%
pre-operational
1-30 m
1-2 years
or less
15%
pre-operational
for some change
processes
Land cover /
land cover change
Name
Hot spot land cover change monitoring
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Global Land Monitoring Core Service
 Vegetation, Fire and Radiation
Type of service
Name
Global systematic monitoring service
ECV
Horizontal
resolution
Frequency of
product update
Error
Maturity
250m / 1km
7/10-days
15%
pre-op
Radiation
Fire
Vegetation
TOC (top of canopy) reflectance
Fraction of Vegetation Cover
Leaf Area Index
X
250m / 1km
7/10-days
15%
pre-op
FAPAR
X
250m / 1km
7/10-days
15%
pre-op
Biomass
X
Burnt area maps
X
250m
7/10-days
15%
pre-op
Active Fire maps
X
250m / 1km
7/10-days
15%
pre-op
Fire Radiated pow er
X
250m / 1km
7/10-days
15%
pre-op
Land surface albedo
X
250m / 1km
7/10-days
5%
pre-op
250m / 1-3km
15 min/6 hours
1-2 K
operational
Surface fluxes - Short-wave
250m / 1km
7/10-days
5-10 %
operational
Surface fluxes - downward long-wave
250m / 1km
30 min
5-10 %
operational
Land surface temperature
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development
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Global Land Monitoring Core Service
Name
Horizontal
resolution
Frequency of
product update
Error
Maturity
30-250m
10-30 days
10%
operational
X
> 4 km
> 500 m
10-days
10 cm
20-70 cm ?
pre-op
1 km
1/10-days
0.5 K
pre-op
X
< 400 km
1-month
15%
development
3 km
30min
0.1-0.4
mm/h
pre-op
ECV
Lakes maps. Wetlands/flood plains
Level of lakes
Level of large rivers
 Water and Soil
Water and soil
Lake surface temperature
Ground w ater
Actual Evapotranspiration
Water Quality
Soil type map
Soil productivity
Soil threats (human pressure)
Soil moisture (up to 10-cm soil depth)
Name
Snow area extent
(X)
1-50 km
1-day
20%
development
ECV
Horizontal
resolution
Frequency of
product update
Error
Maturity
X
Snow
Snow area extent (mountain areas)
Snow depth
X
Snow depth2
Snow w ater equivalent (SWE) 3
Snow w ater equivalent (SWE)
Glacier and ic e sheets
 Snow,
Glacier, Ice
and
Permafrost
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Glacier area maps
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X
Glacier surface topography
Ice sheet margin
1-7 day
5%
pre-op
1-7 day
5%
pre-op
10km
1-w eek
10%
pre-op
500m
1-w eek
10%
development
10km
1-w eek
10%
pre-op
500m
1-w eek
10%
development
30-50 m
5-year
3%
pre-op
100 m
5-year
5 m (z)
development
1 km
1-year
2 km
pre-op
0.5 m (z)
development
Ice sheet topography
X
1 km
1-year
Ice sheet elevation changes
X
5 km
1-year
0.1 m (z)
development
5 km
1-w eek
5 km
pre-op
1 km
10 year
2%
development
Ice sheet melt area
Permafrost extent continental (using
indicators)
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X
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1km
500m
X
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Implementation: Geoland-2
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Geoland-2
Implementation of
Operational
Capacity
 LMCS complements existing operational European services: EUMETSAT /
SAF Land, JRC / MARS Food, JRC/ ACP Observatory
 ESA DUE GLOBCARBON, GLOBCOVER, GLOBSNOW..
 Data distribution: PUMA, AMESD, EUMETCast, DevCoCost…
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geoland2 : Functional view
 3 Core Mapping Services
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Euroland (Land Cover)
SATChMo (Seasonal Monitoring)
BioPar (Biophysical Parameters)
 7 Core Information Services
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Land Carbon
Natural Resource Monitoring in
Africa (NARMA)
Global Crop Monitoring
Forest
Agri‐Environment
Water
Spatial Planning
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BioPar Objectives
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 Set-up an operational system, fully validated, developed
according to industry standard, and that meets users’ needs.
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Taking benefit of previous R&D projects to complement (SAF Land) or
to extend (VGT4Africa) operational services
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Building a strong user base (user-driven service)
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Moving from off-line processing to Near Real Time
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Integration global-regional-local to build a service providing biogeophysical parameters at any scale of interest
 Ensuring Service Continuity
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Developing sensor-independent algorithms
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Design back-up processing line (in case of failure of nominal sensor)
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Guarantee the compatibility between historic and current products
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Adapting the present method to the next generation of sensors
 Improving Quality Assessment
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Combining technical, scientific, utility and external assessments
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BioPar Structure
Ancillary Data
In-situ
Satellite & Ground Segment
EO satellites
Meteo
Other
HR
MR
Meteo
satellites
LR
BioPar
Radiation
Vegetation
ITF
VITO
Cnes
IM
Water
R&D
Demonstration Operations
Data Flow NRT
Dissemination SDI
Data Flow Off-line
Work Flow
User Feedback
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Users
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BioPar CMS Portfolio
NRT /
Off-line
Spatial
Resolution
Spatial
coverage
Temporal
Resolution
Sensor
(back-up)
Land Surface Temperature
NRT
~ 5 km
Global
3 hours
GEO + AVHRR
Downwelling Shortwave Radiation,
Downwelling Longwave Radiation
NRT
~ 5 km
Global
3 hours
GEO + AVHRR
Surface Albedo - GEO
NRT
~ 5 km
Global
10-days
GEO + AVHRR
Surface Albedo - VGT
NRT
1 km
Global
10-days
VGT
LAI, fCover, fAPAR, DMP, NDVI,
Phenology
NRT
1 km
Global
10-days
VGT (MODIS)
Burnt areas + seasonality
NRT
1 km
Global
Daily
VGT
MERIS FR biophysical products
NRT
300 m
Test Areas
10-days
MERIS
HR biophysical products
Off-line
< 50m
Pilot Areas
2-3 months
SPOT
Time series of vegetation products
Off-line
4 km
Global
10-days
AVHRR + VGT
Water Bodies + seasonality
NRT
1 km
Africa
10-days
VGT
Soil Moisture + Freeze/Thaw
NRT
25 km
Global
Daily
ASCAT
Off-line
25 km
Global
Dailly
ERS1&2 Scatt
Product
Time series of soil moisture products
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Quality Assessment
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 Procedure
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1- Technical validation at production centres (IM, VITO)
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2- Scientific validation by independent team (EOLAB)
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3- Utility assessment by user (CIS)
 1- Technical Validation
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Quality Assessment
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 2-Scientific Validation Plan
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Following CEOS WGCV procedures
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A) Inter-comparison with operational products
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Spatial consistecy
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Overall evaluation of products
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Statistical analysis of different metrics
Temporal consistency
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Temporal profiles
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Evolution of statistics
B) Direct Validation
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Quantitative accuracy
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Temporal realism
 3-Utility Assessment
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User oriented validation.
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Spatial Data Infraestructure
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Conclusions: Stresa Workshop on Global LMCS
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Identification of key products/issues, user requirements
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Global Monitoring: Land Cover & LCC, Vegetation & Fires, Water & Soils, Snow &
Ice
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Hot-spot Mapping and Thematic Services
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Integration of complementary info (EO, in-situ, models)
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Architecture: Atmosphere/Marine services could be used as a model
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Research/expertise support to operations: quality, validation, improvements, new
products
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Need of continuity of products in time, reprocessing
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End-to-end information chain: need of integration (EO, in situ data, land surface
models, land cover change, carbon & water cycles, crop monitoring) through land
data assimilation systems and human expertise
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Conclusions: Stresa Workshop
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 Improve interaction with parallel projects
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EUMETSAT SAF’s
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DevCoCast
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ESA Strategic Actions: WACMOS (soil moisture time series)
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ESA Earth explorer mission: SMOS (dedicated soil moisture mission)
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Collaboration, potential exchanges (procedures, data, etc…) interfaces,
complementarities PNT ?
 Open issues
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Consolidation of the GMES document: Assessment of Maturity and Relevance
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More discussion needed for “hot-spot” theme:
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Continuous or flexible monitoring?
Governance to be addressed (assessment of existing assets, interfacing,
international cooperation)
Bridge financing 2011-2013
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policy driven or driven by global systematic mapping?
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Conclusions
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More information at
 www.land.eu
 Thank
you very much for your
attention !
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