Mrs. Pennington’s Module 5 Note-taking Guide
(note: this guide is meant to enhance your comprehension as you read and also to help make sure that you don’t miss any of
the important links embedded in the lesson! Feel free to print this out and put it in a notebook.)
Task #1: Go to the discussion board (a button on the left of your screen underneath the email button)
and post a message to let other students know that you are ready and willing to be their partner for the
module 6 collaborative project.
Lesson 5.1 The Cell
Should take about 120 minutes.
Read the lesson and fill in the blanks:
Cells are the basic ___________ of __________________ that make up ___________ _______________
_________________. Cells perform all the work living things need to _____________. Cells work with
other _________________ to perform _________ ____________.
4 Special Characteristics all living things must share in order to be considered “alive”
Click on these numbers in the lesson and finish the following statements:
#1: All living things are able to
_____________________________________________________________________________________
#2: All living things control
____________________________________________________________________________________
#3: All living things organize
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
#4 All living things _____________
Unicellular organisms are those that ____________________________________________________
Ex: ______________________
Multicellular organisms are those that __________________________________________________
Ex: _____________________
Fill out the Study guide below as you take the Cell Tour:
05.01 The Cell - Cell Study Guide You may use the stop button on the
lower left hand side of the interactive at any time. To begin playing again you will need to
click the large forward arrow.
Structures that perform all of the tasks that keep an organism alive are called______________.
The tasks that the cell performs include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
On the right hand side of this chart you will fill in the name of the organelle described that performs the job
listed on the left hand side of the chart.
Organelle
Job that it performs in the cell
The jellylike substance that fills the cell.
Organelles float in this.
The cell’s command center that directs all of the
cells activities. Contains genetic information.
Provides the energy for the cell. They use
oxygen taken in by the cell to release energy.
Packages and transports material within the cell.
Builds proteins
Processes materials for storage or to be
transported out of the cell.
Store and transport materials.
Contain chemicals that break down substances
in the cell.
Protective covering that separates the cell from
its outside environment.
The nucleus:
Function: _________________
Location: _________________
DNA stands for: ____________________________________________ and makes up
______________________________
_____.
Lesson 5.02 Mitosis
Should take about 180 minutes.
Read the lesson and fill in the blanks:
The Majority of a cell’s life is spent in __________________________.
Cell division takes place in 4 steps or phases that occur after _________________________.
Interphase:
Prophase:
Metaphase:
Anaphase:
Telophase:
Centrioles are organelles found inside the cell that help with Mitosis. These helpers serve as
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________ after they divide. Centrioles help to move chromosomes to the otherside of
the cell.
Comprehension check:
Why do cells divide?
What is Interphase?
What are the steps of Mitosis?
Lesson 5.03 Meiosis
Should take about 120 minutes.
Read the lesson and fill in the blanks:
Meiosis allows for:
______________________________
______________________________
Meiosis is a process of cell
division that
_______________________
___________________Thes
e new cells have half the
number of chromosomes
than the parent cell. The two
steps in this process are:
meiosis 1 and meiosis
Mitosis is a process that
________________________
________________________
_______________. The
chromosomes in the daughter
cells are
_______________________a
s the chromosomes in the
parent cell.
The sex cells that males produce is called the _______________.
The sex cells that females produce is called the ________________.
Without Meiosis, we would not have the __________________of organisms we have today.
On the next page, you will see Meiosis, Meiosis I and Meiosis 2. Click on each of those to answer the
next three questions.
Summarize what is happening in the picture above:
Summarize what is happening in the picture above:
Summarize what is happening in the picture above:
Lesson 5.04 Sexual and Asexual
Reproduction
Should take about 150 minutes.
Read the lesson and fill in the blanks:
What do we find in the water off of Boulder
Beach?
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Why is the population of Penguins declining?
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Fill out (pencil over) the above. The activity will self correct. This is a great study tool!
Complicated organisms usually reproduce by ______________ ______________________.
Single celled organisms or simple organisms usually reproduce by __________ _________________ with
a process called ______________.
Explain the process of budding:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
List two advantages of asexual reproduction:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
List two disadvantages of asexual reproduction:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is fertilization?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What happens to the millions of sperm that do not fertilize the egg?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The majority of complex organisms reproduce _______________. The result of this type of
reproduction is __________________ among species. That is the organisms of a population that
reproduce sexually have a combination of __________________ passed down from parents.
Complete the self check and then add the correct answers below:
This form of reproduction is dependent upon the process of meiosis: ___________________
This form of reproduction creates exact copies of the parent: __________________
Fission and Budding are examples of this type of reproduction: _____________________
This type of reproduction creates variety in populations: ______________________
The ability to reproduce many young quickly is an example of: _______________________
Sperm and eggs combine in the process of: _________________________
Lesson 5.05 DNA: Introduction to Heredity
Should take about 180 minutes.
Read the lesson and fill in the blanks:
_________________ are structures found in a cell’s nucleus (center) and are made of ______.
Chromosomes __________and_____________ during mitosis and meiosis. A sex cell created by
meiosis, either sperm or egg, has _______the ___________ of chromosomes as the parent cell. When
sex cells join, they create new cells with half the chromosomes from each individual and therefore, a
________of ____________________ from each
parent.
1. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. This
material is found in _______________________
_______________. DNA tells the cell how
______________________and also determines the
______________________of an individual.
2. DNA is made of __________ ____________ (the
two long units you see) and are bonded together.
These two strands twist to form DNA. This structure resembles a ladder and is called a
________ ____________.
3. Traits are ______________ ________________or characteristics of individuals. Traits are
things we are able to see like: hair color, eye color, or behavior.
4. Genes are ____________ of _______ which contain _____________ for each specific trait an
individual possesses. A person inherits different genes from each parent. An individual may
resemble their parents because of their inherited genes.
Write the descriptions of the following words on the lines. The descriptions can be
found by rolling your mouse over the inverted pyramid.
Nucleotides:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
DNA:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Genes:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Chromosomes:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Define the following words:
Genetics:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Polygenic:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Complete the self check in the lesson and then record it here:
Lesson 5.06 Genotypes and Phenotypes
Should take about 120 minutes.
Read the lesson and fill in the blanks:
How do Lions and Elephants show patterns
of inheritance?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Genotype describes the ___________
_____________ ____________ of an individual. A person’s genotype tells us exactly what
____________ _________ ___________. You cannot see someone’s genetic makeup.
Genotypes are _____ ______________.
Phenotypes are the _________________ __________ of an
individual which the individual’s genes have expressed.
Gregor Mendel
Why is Gregor Mendel sometimes considered to be the King of
Inheritance?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
What is an Allele?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
What is Incomplete Dominance?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Note from Mrs.
Pennington………
Polygenetic means:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
This accounts for the variety of traits we see in organisms like the
pea plant.
What is Co-Dominance?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Recessive Alleles are always
shadowed by dominant alleles.
A recessive allele is written as
a lower case letter like this:
bb
The only way a recessive allele
will show in an organism’s
phenotype is if the organism
does not have a dominant
allele.
Dominant Alleles always
overpower the recessive
alleles.
If an organism carries a
dominant allele in its
genotype, it will express it in
its phenotype no matter what
its other allele might be.
A dominant allele is written as
an upper case letter like this:
BB
Let’s say that you inherited the
dominant allele for brown
eyes from your dad and the
recessive allele for blue eyes
from your mom.
Your genotype would be: Bb
Your phenotype would be
brown eyes because brown is
Dominant.
5 toes = Dominant allele (T)
Lesson 5.07 Predicting Genotypes
and Phenotypes
4 toes = Recessive allele (t)
Should take about 120 minutes.
Read the lesson and fill in the
blanks:
Look at the picture of the Elephant family. If I told you that the mother elephant has four toes, and the
father elephant has four, could you predict what their baby elephants would have? Roll your mouse
over the picture and explain your answer here:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is a Punnet Square? _______________________________________________________________
Why would we want to use a Punnet Square?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Read down the page to see how we would use Punnet Squares to predict the genotypes of the baby
elephants, then complete the activity below to practice what you have learned.
Explore a combination with one parent having the genotype Ee (detached earlobes) and the
other parent having the genotype ee (attached earlobes).
E
Remember that:
e
e
E = detached earlobes
e = attached earlobes
e
What percent chance does the offspring have of having the phenotype of attached earlobes?
What percent chance does an offspring have of possessing the phenotype of detached earlobes?
Check your answers by clicking on the check answer button.
The family tree below shows the family history of a certain kind of dog.
This tree shows what kind of color and hair type runs in the dog’s family. This chart is used to show
__________ ______________ of specific traits. We call this type of chart a Pedigree Chart. Pedigree
Charts are popular tools used by dog and horse breeders.
We also use pedigree charts to ________________ the ______________________ that a parent will
pass a specific gene on to their child.
One disease that is of great concern for certain populations is ___________ __________
_______________. This disease causes an individual to make abnormal red blood cells shaped like a
sickle.
Sickle Cell Anemia is a ___________ allele, so in the presence of the dominant allele (for the normal
cell), the individual will not have the disease. However, if an individual inherits ______ ____________
alleles, they will have the disease.
What is the purpose of a pedigree chart?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Note from Mrs. Pennington:
There is a practice sheet (found in the lesson) that I highly
recommend you do. There will be a question about this on your
test. The answers are found under the check answers link at
the end of the lesson!
Lesson 5.08 Biotechnology and
Genes
Should take about 180 minutes.
Read the lesson and fill in the
blanks:
What are Scientists predicting may happen to Africa by
2025?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
How are bananas, tomatoes and cows possible solutions to this problem?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is Bioengineering?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Describe Cloning here:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Describe Artificial Selection here:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Describe Genetic Engineering here:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
How is the Labradoodle an example of Artificial Selection?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
How is the sheep an example of cloning?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is a disadvantage of cloning?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What are some advantages to Genetic Engineering?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What are some disadvantages to Genetic Engineering?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________