COLOMBIA: TOWARDS A CLIMATE SMART
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR
FRUIT CROPS AND SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS
Andy Jarvis
Agreement MADR-CIAT:
Climate and agriculture sector
Objetives
1) Test and validate technological adaptation options
2) Support agriculture sector in adapting to climate events, including agroclimate risk management, through evaluation of crop models.
3) Support the closing of the production gaps by applying Specific-site
agriculture techniques
4) Evaluate agro-environmentally production systems and potential
environmental services payment schemes in order to incentive
sustainable production systems.
Climate resilience
A climate smart sector
Adapted
technologies
Baseline
Adapted
technologies
+
Climatespecific
management
Adapted
Adapted
technologies
technologies
+
+
Climate-specific
Climatemanagement
specific
+
management
Seasonal
+
agroclimatic
Seasonal
forecasts
agroclimatic
+
forecasts
Efficient
resource use
Climate smartness
Adapted
technologies
+
Climatespecific
management
+
Seasonal
agroclimatic
forecasts
+
Efficient
resource use
+
Enabling
environment
NAPs and
NAMAs
LEDS Colombia (MADS, DNP, MADR, IDEAM) is the main national framework in which
the mitigation of climate change encounters agriculture
PROBLEM
Agricultural
participation in total
annual emission
38%
MADR-CIAT
More efficient land
use
More efficient cattle
system
More area available
for agriculture and
natural vegetation
Alternatives: Improve
pasture, silvopastoral
systems and fruit crops
Expected outcomes
NAMAS
Ecosystem
services payment
schemes
Alternatives detected by LEDS
Colombia
Agricultural sector with real interest in mitigation, and large opportunities
Primary entry point through land-use – an actual case of a land sparing national policy!
Both government and producer organizations aligned in strategy:
• Livestock from 40 mHa to 30 mHa
• Croplands to increase by 3 mHa
Together with MinAgriculture we are looking currently at 3 NAMA strategies:
• Reconversion of degraded pastures into high carbon, high value farming (fruits)
• Pasture intensification to increase emissions efficiency over large areas of
unproductive pastures
• Intensive silvopastoral systems in high potential areas to boost productivity and
generate huge environmental benefits
Pastures in Colombia
30.000.000 ha in
pastures
8.000.000 ha in
fallow
Fuente: IGAC
Pastures with problems
associated with their current use
16.000.000 ha
in pastures
Fuente: IGAC
Area with mango feasibility
1.542.000 ha
Fuente: CIAT & IGAC
Area with avocado feasibility
2.462.000 ha
Fuente: CIAT & IGAC
Area with fruit feasibility
Avocado, mango
and citric
7.874.000 ha
Fuente: CIAT & IGAC
Municipalities with identified
potential
Together with supply chain actors and producer organisations
municipalities with potential for expanding cultivated area have
been identified.
Crop
Avocado Lorena
Area
68.000 ha
Avocado Hass
170.400 ha
Mango
124.200 ha
Citric
29.000 ha
Total
391.600 ha
Carbon sequestration potential with
100.000 degree days
50
Millones de Toneladas CO2 eq
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Total absorción Mango Total absorción Aguacate Total absorción Cítricos Total absorción Frutales
The sequestration in a year would be in average the 3.8% of the actual year emission
of the sector.
Indicators
Avocado
Mango
Total
238.400
124.200
362.600
711
308
1,019
3,380
1,597
4,977
Carbon capture(Millions de ton)
(18)
(59)
(77)
Investment by ton C (USD$/ton)
(39)
(5)
Total cost per ton (USD$/ton)
(226)
(32)
% of the investment (USD$6.7/ton)
17%
128%
Potential area (ha)
Total investment (Millions USD$)
O&M (Millions USD$)
-
MAC: US$/tCO2
(200)
(400)
(600)
(800)
(1,000)
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Thousand tonnes of carbon saved/year
Avocado Tolima Medium
Avocado Tolima Large
Avocado Cauca/Valle Medium
Avocado Cauca/Valle Large
Avocado Risaralda Large
Avocado Caldas Large
Avocado Quindio Large
Avocado Risaralda Medium
Avocado Risaralda Small
Avocado Antioquia Medium
Avocado Caldas Medium
Avocado Caldas Small
Avocado Quindio Medium
Avocado Quindio Small
Avocado Antioquia Large
Avocado Antioquia Small
Mango Valle Small
Mango Valle Large
Mango Cundinamarca Small
Mango Cundinamarca Large
Mango Cundinamarca Medium
Mango Costa Norte Large
Mango Tolima Small
Mango Tolima Large
Mango Costa Norte Small
Mango Antioquia Large
Mango Antioquia Small
Mango Costa Norte Medium
Sistemas Silvopastoriles
Land Use for Cattle Systems
USO PRINCIPAL
Pastoreo intensivo de clima
cálido
Pastoreo intensivo de clima
medio
Pastoreo intensivo de clima frío
Pastoreo semi intensivo de
clima cálido
Pastoreo semi intensivo de
clima medio
Pastoreo semi intensivo de
clima frío
Pastoreo extensivo de clima
cálido
Pastoreo extensivo de clima
medio
Pastoreo extensivo de clima frío
Silvopastoril
Total
HECTAREAS
PINc
53,982
PINm
PINf
3,198.00
6,976.00
PSIc
1,513,550
PSIm
38.65
PSIf
8,388
PEXc
4,427,363
PEXm
PEXf
SPA
31,102
8,337
9,101,192
15,154,126
Fuente: IGAC
Resultados Preliminares
Sistema de Lechería de Altura
2.80
Kg CO2 equi/Kg de leche (ECM)
2.34
3.40
Kg CO2 equi/Kg de leche (FPCM)
2.88
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
Tradicional
2.00
2.50
SSPi
2%
36%
62%
CH4
N2O
CO2
ECM: Corregido por Energía; FPCM: Corregido por proteína y grasa
3.00
3.50
Resultados Preliminares
Sistema de carne Trópico bajo - L. leucocephala
Tradicional
22.89
60%
SSPi
14.34
0.00
5.00
10.00
SSPi
15.00
20.00
25.00
Tradicional
Sistema de carne Trópico bajo - T. diversifolia
25.44
Tradicional
42%
17.82
SSPi
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
SSPi
Tradicional
20.00
25.00
30.00
Potential Silvopastoral Areas
Optimas: 5.2 Millones de
ha
Work in progress to
develop detailed NAMA for
silvo-pastoral system, but
benefits appear to be very
high
Fuente: CIAT & CIPAV
Key Messages
• Plenty of opportunity in Colombia for
climate smart agriculture win-wins
• Institutional and political will to invest in
mitigation activities
• Potentially quite large carbon benefits,
but also profitable – primary incentive is
to increase productivity, with mitigation
co-benefits
• Carbon markets could potentially bolster
uptake, especially with regard to
overcoming upfront investment costs
which are an identified barrier
Final Considerations
“Tenemos 20 millones de hectáreas dedicadas a la ganadería y 5, a
la agricultura; eso debe ser al revés. Impulsar la agricultura con
productos que tengan futuro y el resto de la tierra dedicarla a la
ganadería. Pero no podemos seguir teniendo un novillo por
hectárea. Eso es lo que debe ocurrir.”
A. Iragorri MADR minister personal interview for El Tiempo 1st of
Septiembre 2014)
Gracias!
http://www.aclimatecolombia.org