Off-grid
Dendro Power
11
STATUS OF ELECTRIFICATION
IN SRI LANKA 2000
JAFFNA
STATUS OF ELECTRIFICATION
IN SRI LANKA 2005
JAFFNA
LEGEND
LEGEND
DISTRICT BOUNDARY
KILINOCHCHI
KILINOCHCHI
DISTRICT BOUNDARY
PROVINCE BOUNDARY
MULATHIVU
MANNAR
PROVINCE BOUNDARY
96 - 100 %
91 - 95 %
VAVUNIYA
MULATHIVU
96 - 100 %
MANNAR
91 - 95 %
VAVUNIYA
81 - 90 %
81 - 90 %
71 - 80 %
TRINCOMALEE
71 - 80 %
TRINCOMALEE
61 - 70 %
Sri Lanka
ANURADHAPURA
61 - 70 %
ANURADHAPURA
51 - 60 %
51 - 60 %
41 - 50 %
PUTTALAM
About 1 - 1.5 million
households in Sri Lanka will
be left without gridconnected electricity.
POLONNARUWA
31 - 40 %
41 - 50 %
PUTTALAM
POLONNARUWA
31 - 40 %
BELOW 30%
BATTICALOA
KURUNEGALA
MATALE
BATTICALOA
KURUNEGALA
KANDY
KEGALLE
GAMPAHA
AMPARA
NUARAELIYA
KALUTARA
KANDY
GAMPAHA
AMPARA
KEGALLE
BADULLA
COLOMBO
MATALE
NUARAELIYA
BADULLA
COLOMBO
RATNAPURA
GALLE
MONARAGALA
KALUTARA
HAMBANTOTA
MATARA
RATNAPURA
GALLE
MONARAGALA
HAMBANTOTA
MATARA
Off-grid electricity generating
technologies
The approximate cost comparison
Installation costs per 1kW
Micro-hydro
Dendro
Bio-gas
Wind
Solar PV
Rs 200,000
Rs 300,000
Rs 300,000
Rs 600,000
Rs 1,000,000
Step 1: Moneragala District participatory
workshop for sensitising the district
government officials, community based
organisations and farmer groups - Nov 2001
Step 2: Pre-feasibility studies in four off-grid
villages
Step 3: Cross checking with CEB grid
extension plans
Step 4: Selection of a village for the feasibility
study
Pilot Dendro
Power Project in
Wadakahakiula
Overall objective of the feasibility study
To examine whether necessary social conditions
for setting up the proposed pilot plant exist in the
village of Wadakahakiula.
An implementation plan should be developed
with the active participation of intended
beneficiaries and other stakeholders.
Wadagahakiula Project feasibility study: 2002
December
Necessary conditions
• Social acceptability of the community
• Availability of the infrastructure for operation
and maintenance of the plant,
• Affordability of majority of the population to
pay for electricity,
• Enthusiasm of the community
• To identify fuel-wood species
• To assess the availability of fuel-wood in
required quantities for operation of the dendro
power plant.
• To assess the potential for growing the fuel-wood
if required
Necessary conditions
• To review and select the most appropriate energy
conversion technology
• To develop preliminary design of the dendro
powered electrification system
• To develop, the institutional mechanisms necessary
for implementation and post implementation
management
• To prepare cost estimates of the project
• To establish a tariff structure for sustainable
operation and management of the power plant
Study Methodology
• Social assessment – 2day participatory workshop with 60 households
• Questionnaire based survey of all households – survey carried out by
selected village members
• Fuelwood survey – based on field assessment.
• Distribution system design – based on field survey
• Siting of powerhouse – based on technical and social concerns
• Institutional and management system – developed through a
participatory workshop
Profile of the Village
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Suggested by CEB Uva office
Situated in Badalkumbura DS area
3 km away from grid
Permanent houses – 38%
Semi-permanent houses – 36%
Temporary houses – 26%
Main source of income – Pepper cultivation (68% of
households)
• Land ownership – 1 to 3 acres per household (74%)
• Average monthly income – Rs.6000 per household
• Current monthly expenditure on energy –
approximately Rs.500 per household
Project Profile
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
No. of beneficiary households – 100
Max. demand – 250W per house
Period of electricity demand – 5 to 7am and 6 to 10pm
Main uses of electricity – lighting, TV, Radio, iron
Technology – Gasifier system
Mode of operation – 100% gas
Fuelwood type – Gliricidia (Nanchi)
Fuelwood availability – widely grown in the village for
fencing and pepper planting
Major Conclusions from the
Feasibility Study
• Community participation is active however there are no well
established CBOs exist in the village.
• Priority list 1- education 2- unemployment 3- electricity
• Willingness to obtain electricity – 94% of the households.
• Opportunities exist to initiate income-generating activities.
• Affordability of households to pay for electricity is high. At
least 90% of the households are able become its direct
beneficiaries.
• Availability of natural, human and financial resources is high.
• Fuelwood supply from existing plantations is more than
enough for the plant.
• Dendro technology is mature for deployment in a village
scheme.
Social Risks predicted
• Grid electricity may come to the
village through political
interventions.
• In the event of grid electricity is
provided to the village, potential
to access grid electricity is high
because of the high affordability
among people.
Project Parameters
Buildings
Power house (L x W x H)
- 18m x 6m x 6m
Project Parameters
Buildings
Fuel wood store
- 12m x 6m x 4m
Project Parameters
Buildings
Well (Diameter x depth)
- 5m x 6m
Project Parameters
Distribution lines
Concrete Poles
Three phase length
Two phase length
Single phase length
Service cables (Insulated)
Area targeted electrified
Distribution losses @ 15% net
Per h/h power allocation
Cables
1,352,622.00
Poles
1,021,500.00
Labor
112,935.00
Other
51,926.00
Total
2,538,983.00
- 450 nos.
- 600 m
- 400 m
- 8100 m
- 4000 m
- 2 km radius
- 4.5 kW
- 250 W
Project Parameters
Power plant capacity
Net out put
Prime Generator
Machinery
System Installation
Electrical equipment and installation
Accessory Diesel Gen set
- 35 kW
- 30 kW
- 10 kVA
Summary - Project Expenses (SLRs)
A. Feasibility study
B. Building construction
C. Distribution lines
778,077.43
1,480,939.40
2,538,983.00
D. Machinery installation
E. Administrative expenses
Total
E. Community Contribution
3,416,400.00
1,222,078.30
9,436,478.13
393,950.00
Contributors
SLRs
1. UNDP - GEF/SGP
4,226,284.81
2. Ministry of Science and Technology (Machinery)
2,660,000.00
3. RERED
1,800,000.00
Project Preparation
600,000.00
Co-financing
1,200,000.00
4. Uva PC (Cables)
500,000.00
5. EF
250,193.32
Total
9,436,478.13
Dendro Power plant
Project Parameters
No of households
Planned
- 100
Currently connected
- 58
Total h/h requirements
- 25 kW
Operation hours per day
- 6 hours (4.45 a.m. to 6.45 a.m. &
6.30 p.m. to10.30 p.m.)
Fuel wood species
- Gliricidia Sepium
Fuel wood requirement
- 60kg/ hr
Fuel wood supplying area (Existing Plantations)
- 2 km radius
Running Cost
1. Month - 15th April to 14th May 2005 (58 families)
Operating hours
- 4 hours (6.30 pm to 10.30 pm)
Fuel wood
- Rs. 11,250
Diesel (3Lts / hr)
- Rs. 2,000
Wages - Operator & Helper
- Rs. 11,000
Maintenance fund
- Rs. 5,000
Society
- Rs. 1,000
Total
- Rs. 30,250
Monthly Electricity bill per household
- Rs. 356 (84 houses)
Average income per household for supplying fuel wood - Rs. 70
2. Estimated cost for the month 15th May 2005 to 14th June 2005
Operating hours
- 6 hours
Fuel wood
- Rs. 16,875
Diesel (3Lts / hr)
- Rs. 4,000
Wages - Operator & Helper
- Rs. 15,625
Maintenance fund
- Rs. 5,000
Society
- Rs. 1,000
Total
- Rs. 42,500
Fuel wood
Monthly Electricity bill per household
- Rs. 500
Price of fuel wood at Farm gate
- Rs. 200/ m3; Rs. 1/ kg
Price of fuel wood at Power house gate
- Rs. 375/m3; Rs 1.88/kg
Monthly payment for fuel wood transportation
- Rs. 7,875
Average income per household for supplying fuel wood
- Rs. 106
Issues
•The confrontation between the fuel wood supplier and the
farmers.
•President of the society did not get the electricity from the
system
•Rumor - politicians promises for grid
electricity supply
• Plant is not for the community but for
the EF -being a fully funded project
•The consumers concerns on high
electricity bill
•Resentment among some of the
consumers regarding the operator and
helper
•The enthusiasm among the others in
the dendro sector regarding the project
Affordability of the households to pay for electricity
Total monthly cost incurred by a rich family on three energy
items (Kerosene, dry battery and car battery) is
approximately Rs.563/An average family, the monthly cost is around Rs.521/-.
The poor families spend approximately Rs.293/- per month.
At least the rich and the average families who constitute the
majority of the families in the three hamlets are able to afford
to pay for their electricity consumption if the cost to be
incurred by them is in the range of Rs.400-500 per month.
If other social benefits that a household would accrue from
using electricity such as better lighting, reduced risks of
accidents, use of other electric appliances, social status etc.
are also added to this economic cost, household expenditure
on electricity is very much compensated and justified.
Possible options
•Allow the community to explore the possibility of grid
extension
•Allow the community to explore the possibility of getting
subsidy from any agency
•Forget injustice and have a compromise with the supplier
•Explore the possibility of introducing an income generating
activity using day time power to lift the burden on the
consumer
Please give us 3 more months to rectify the situation.
Possible future options for off-grid dendro power
(We have a market of 20,000 villages)
• Try to establish a household level electrical appliance
package to reduce the capacity
• Try to integrate an income generating activity at the initial
stage itself
• Follow the grid connected dendro and approach the off-grid
villages which provide fuel wood to grid dendro plant