Emotional
Physical
Intellectual
Social
CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORISTS
Mrs. Beryl Thornton
Colleton County High School
2012
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
• Series of Stages
• Emotional Experiences of
Childhood affect Adult Life
•
http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html
Maria Montessori (1870-1952)
• Learn by using their senses
• Learn best when pursuing
their interests
• Give children objects to
Manipulate to exercise senses.
•
http://www.michaelolaf.net/1CW312MI.html
http://www.bgmontessori.com/montessori/101
Arnold Gesell (1880-1961)
• Developed a Typical Order of
Mastery
• Typical Rate of Development
•
http://www.education.com/reference/article/arnold-gesell-child-learningdevelopment-theory/
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
• First Scientific Study of Children
• Four Stages of Thinking that Shape how they
see and learn about the world.
– Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
– Preoperational (2-7 years)
– Concrete Operations (7-11)
– Formal Operations (11-adult)
• Provide activities and materials suitable to
each stage. http://psychohawks.wordpress.com/2010/09/05/theories-ofcognitive-development-jean-piaget/
Lev Vygotsky (1898-1934)
• Biological & Cultural experiences
influence ability to think & learn.
• Social contact is essential for
intellectual development.
• Provide many opportunities for
social interaction to develop
intellectually.
http://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning-theory.html
Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
• Each Stage includes a Unique
Psychological Crisis which affects future
development.
• Needs should be met with positive care
at each stage.
• Examples: Trust vs. mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame,
Separation anxiety
http://psychology.about.com/od/psychosocialtheories/a/psychosocial.htm
B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)
• Child’s actions bring positive
effects--action will be repeated.
• Negative results occur, child will
eventually stop the action.
• Rewards and punishments can
influence a child’s behavior.
•
http://www.kidsdevelopment.co.uk/bfskinnersbehaviouraltheory.html
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pyramid of needs:
Self Actualization
Self Esteem
Belonging
Love
Safety
Physical Needs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs
Albert Bandura (1925• Learn by Modeling
• Behavior also affects
environment
• Children need good examples
of behavior.
•
http://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html
Robert Coles (1929• Moral Development is learned.
• Adult Moral Behavior Examples
are important.
•
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/gergen/february97/coles_2-21.html
Howard Gardner (1943- )
Multiple Intelligences Theory of Learning
• Linguistic
• Logical-mathematical
• Spatial
• Bodily-kinesthetic
• Musical
• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal
• http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/gardner.shtml
WORKS CITED
Brisbane, Holly. “Understanding Childhood.” The Developing Child. Glencoe, New York: 2004.
“Sigmund Freud,” All about Psychology. http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html
September 23, 2012.
“Arnold Gesell” Education. www.education.com/reference/article/arnold-gesell-child-learning-developmenttheory . September 23, 2012.
“Abraham Maslow.” Wikipedia in England. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs
. Sept. 23, 2012.
“Howard Gardner.” Indiana University. http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/gardner.shtml ,Sept. 23, 2012.
“Albert Bandura.” Learning Theories. http://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html
“Maria Montessori.” Michael OLAF http://www.michaelolaf.net/1CW312MI.html Sept. 23, 2012.
“Montessori 101.” Montessori Children’s House. www.montessori.com/montessori/101 September 29,2012.
“Robert Coles.” Public Broadcasting Station. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/gergen/february97/coles_221.html Sept. 23, 2012.
“Jean Piaget.” Psychology Hawks. http://psychohawks.wordpress.com/2010/09/05/theorieof-cognitivedevelopment-jean-piaget/ September 23, 2012.