2. how should these wicked issues be
managed?
3. who should manage them?
SLIM (OU) holistic
approach :
Address wicked
issues through
new kinds of
governance
mechanisms:
Promoting
concerted action
through processes
of systemic
inquiry and social
learning
Hierarchy
Regulate
Normalise
Practices
Practice
Inform
Regulate
Educate
Market
Market
Raise
Mechanisms
Awareness
Promote Concerted
Action
(a) (b)
Environmental
Problem
Fixed form of knowledge
applied to a problem
Environmental
Issue
Knowing occurs within the
act of constructing the issue
2. how should these wicked issues be managed?
• IWRM as a new rule book
(GWP?) – replaces the old
rule book
• IWRM as an emergent
property of social learning
(SLIM)
• Experts design the new
rule book
• Stakeholders learn
together how to transform
the situation
3. who should manage them?
The key (generic) questions become:
• What is involved in designing effective learning systems –
recognising the multiple inter-dependent levels of water
governance – and in particular:
• How can we design learning systems for adaptive and
integrative managing at each level?
• How can we design learning systems for adaptive and
integrative managing between levels?