It was decidedly not a winter finch year. Two Red Crossbills on the New Woodstock-Southern Highlands count were the only crossbills in the state. Nine counts scattered throughout the state accounted for a total of 19 Common Redpolls. Although 19 counts reported Pine Siskins, they totaled only 72 birds, two orders of magnitude lower than last year’s all-time high of 7295. Evening Grosbeak continues to be scarce in the region, found on only six counts, with 72 seen on the Saranac Lake count by far the largest total. NEW JERSEY/PENNSYLVANIA William J. Boyle Jr. 14 Crown Drive Warren, NJ 07059 [email protected] The weather was a significant factor in the 110th CBC, as a major snowstorm disrupted the opening weekend and led to the postponement or cancelation of numerous counts. Rescheduled counts experience a drop in participants, and some of the later counts had to deal with heavy rains or high winds. As a result, birds were scarce and counts lower than normal. To add to the slowness of the period, there was no irruption of winter finches and very few rarities. Twenty-eight counts were contributed from New Jersey, as Assunpink fell victim to the heavy snow and the pelagic count was not run, but a new count at Mizpah in the Pine Barrens was initiated. The total of 196 species was the lowest since the 96th CBC, and Cape May’s tally of 150 species was their lowest since 1993, possibly reflecting the two-week weather delay. Oceanville (123) moved into second place, followed by Cumberland (117) and Belleplain (111), all well below last year’s numbers. No counts set record highs, but the Northwestern Gloucester count recorded a record-low 53 species and Salem County (70) had its lowest total since 1981, the first year it was run. A single Greater White-fronted Goose at Princeton was one of 36 species of waterfowl, but there were no Ross’s Geese and the Northwestern Hunterdon County team could not locate the Barnacle Goose that had returned for another winter in late October. Thirteen Cackling Geese were pulled out of the many flocks of Canadas, while Cape May tallied a record seven Eurasian Wigeon and Oceanville added another. Three counts had a total of 12 Bluewinged Teal, an excellent total for a species that is not found most years. A single King Eider was at Oceanville, but a statewide record 646 Common Eiders were counted, Barnegat leading the way with 581; the previous high was 163 in 2005. Ramsey located the only Ruffed Grouse of the season to avoid a shutout, as this species continues at all-time lows in its population cycle. No more than one has been seen on a CBC since 2003, compared to the modern high of 72 in 1982. Wild Turkeys were down 50 percent, but this probably just reflects the difficult birding conditions. However, the complete absence of Northern Bobwhite is a sad reflection on the status of this formerly common species. Individual Red-necked Grebes were present at Barnegat and Long Branch, but the Western Grebe returning for its fifth winter at South Amboy continued to elude the Raritan Estuary counters. There were no reports of Osprey for only the second time in the past 13 CBCs, but the Bald Eagle total of 300, just 7 less than last year, included one or more from every count but Northwestern Gloucester County. For the first time ever, Cooper’s Hawks outnumbered Sharpshinned Hawks 245 to 221, mirroring a Count circles in NEW JERSEY/PENNSYLVANIA THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT AMERICAN BIRDS 45 trend also noted in Pennsylvania. It was not a Rough-legged Hawk year, with only seven total on six counts, but single Golden Eagles were found on three CBCs. American Kestrel dropped to an all-time low of just 61 birds, less than 10 percent of the average found in the 1980s. A Sora was a good find at Cape May, as was a pair of Sandhill Cranes. Trenton Marsh also had a Sandhill Crane and Cumberland County tallied six of the resident flock there in company with the Common Crane of dubious origin. An impressive 19 species of shorebirds were tallied, but did not include any unusual ones. Cape May had the only Blackheaded Gull and a pair of Black-legged Kittiwakes, but missed Laughing Gull, of which singles were found at Raritan Estuary, Sandy Hook, and, amazingly, Walnut Valley. Forster’s Tern was missed for the first time in a decade, but Sandy Hook had a Dovekie and a Razorbill from shore and Long Branch added three more Razorbills. Wintering owls were in short supply, as there was no Snowy Owl, only five each of Long-eared and Short-eared Owls, and a just two Northern Saw-whet Owls. Cape May had an unexpected Ruby-throated Hummingbird, while Belleplain added a Rufous/Allen’s type. The Red-headed Woodpecker count increased from last year’s 11 to 30, the most since 2004. Only five Eastern Phoebes could be located, the smallest total since 1989, and Walnut Valley tallied the only Northern Shrike of the season. A Mountain Bluebird at Princeton was the highlight of the season, pending acceptance by the New Jersey Bird Records Committee, and only the third for the state. Eight species of warblers were recorded, including well-documented Black-throated Green Warbler and Ovenbird on the Lower Hudson CBC. The other major rarity of the period was the Spotted Towhee, New Jersey’s fifth, discovered at Palmyra on Thanksgiving Day and tallied on the Moorestown CBC during its five-month stay. A Grasshopper Sparrow on the Lower Hudson CBC was documented by 46 AMERICAN BIRDS Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii), Ryerson, Pennsylvania. Photo/Ron D. Argent photograph, and Lincoln’s Sparrows were described from Great Swamp and Hackensack. Cumberland County produced the only Lapland Longspur, but also had a Yellow-headed Blackbird, only the second on a New Jersey CBC since 1991. Single Baltimore Orioles were at Belleplain and Cape May, but other than a few Purple Finches and Pine Siskins, winter finches were nonexistent. Despite miserable weather on all three weekends, 70 counts were submitted from Pennsylvania, with only Curtin failing to report. The total of 149 species was 16 below last year and the lowest since 2003. Harrisburg had the highest total of species, 96, for the second time in three years, but this was the lowest leading total since the 103rd CBC in 2002–2003, which was also hampered by poor weather. Southern Bucks County (91) and Western Chester County (90) were followed by Central Bucks County (99) and Hamburg (87). No count achieved a new high, but perennial front-runner Southern Lancaster County had by far the worst day in its 34-year history with only 75 species on a windy, snow-delayed date. Single Greater White-fronted Geese were found at Central Bucks County and West Chester, while the flock of 100 Brant at White Mills was the highest total ever for a Pennsylvania CBC. Noteworthy among the 32 species of waterfowl found in the state were two Eurasian Wigeon at Central Bucks County and a Blue-winged Teal in Delaware County. As usual, Erie had the greatest variety of waterfowl with 20 species, including the state’s only Whitewinged Scoters (10), three Black Scoters, and 500 Canvasback. Linesville, in far western Pennsylvania, also had an impressive 16 species, including 751 Common Goldeneye. Ruffed Grouse (108 on 26 counts) continues its near-historic lows, and Northern Bobwhite was missed for the fourth time in 10 years. Erie recorded the only Red-throated Loon and all six of the Horned Grebes found in the state, while Southern Bucks County turned up the lone Black-crowned NightHeron. Only eight Great Cormorants were found on two counts along the Delaware River, the lowest number since 1989. Almost 300 Bald Eagles were found on 28 counts, and Cooper’s Hawks (348) outnumbered Sharpshinned Hawks (231) for the sixth year in a row. Seven Golden Eagles was a bit above average, but American Kestrels dropped to 524 from 989 the preceding year. Unlike in New Jersey, however, the long-term downward trend of the past two decades has not been evident in Pennsylvania. The Prairie Falcon of unknown origin that has been in the Newville area for several years was seen again on that CBC. Linesville had a flock of 19 Sandhill Cranes, the most ever recorded on a Pennsylvania CBC. Only four species of shorebirds were reported, but included an undocumented Spotted Sandpiper at Bethlehem-Easton. A Laughing Gull was a surprise at Southern Bucks County, but Lesser Black-backed Gull numbers were less concentrated than in previous years, as the three Bucks County CBCs totaled only 225 compared to last year’s 559. Southern Bucks County, Western Chester County, and Erie had a combined total of 11 Iceland Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum), Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Photo/Eric Witmer Gulls, and the latter two had the four Glaucous Gulls. The Eurasian Collared-Dove at Hamburg was only the second for a Pennsylvania CBC (there were three in 2005), but this species’ rapid continentwide expansion continues to largely avoid the Northeast. Owls were poorly represented, presumably due to the bad weather, and the total of eight Longeared Owls was the lowest total since 1990. As in New Jersey, the six Eastern Phoebes were the fewest since 1989, and the seven Northern Shrikes were typical of a non-irruption year. The foul weather may have contributed to the influx of Horned Larks, which were present in numbers (greater than 12,000) not seen since 1989, but it also caused Pennypack Valley to miss Northern Rough-winged Swallow for the first time in five years, although some were present during count week. A single House Wren at Johnstown was the only report of the season, as was the lone Orange-crowned Warbler at Lancaster and a Common Yellowthroat at Harrisburg among the five species of warbler detected. Varied Thrush was seen during the count week in Central Bucks County, but couldn’t be located on the count day. The Le Conte’s Sparrow found on the Elverson CBC and the second for a state CBC lingered for a couple of weeks and was well photographed. Only five Lapland Longspurs were found among the flocks of Horned Larks and Snow Buntings. Two Baltimore Orioles were at Central Bucks County and a count period Brewer’s Blackbird was in Wyncote. Winter finches were virtually nonexistent, with only two Common Redpolls THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT at Rector and eight Evening Grosbeaks at Dubois. Fifty Pine Siskins compares poorly with last year’s irruption tally of more than 11,000. I thank Nick Bolgiano for sharing some of his insights into the Pennsylvania CBCs in advance of publication. DELAWARE/MARYLAND Laura Balascio 34 Covered Bridge Lane Newark, DE 19711 [email protected] John B. Churchill 17607 Pompey Smash Road, SW Frostburg, MD 21532 [email protected] Many of this year’s CBC participants will not remember the birds seen nor the records set, but rather the severe weather the region endured. Several counts scheduled for the first weekend were postponed due to blizzard conditions and snowfall amounts approaching two feet. Mid-count participants dealt with heavy rain and rapid snow melt, which led to flooding in several circles. Cold temperatures and high winds greeted counters during the final weekend, and several days of good birding weather filled the gaps. Despite the weather, record species tallies and many high counts were noted. Starting on the Allegheny Plateau, Oakland had neither unusual species nor high counts to report. The heavy snow on December 19 was undoubtedly a factor. The next day, the snow let up, allowing the Allegany count to go on as scheduled, though access was difficult in most places. The count’s first Peregrine Falcon, which had been resident in downtown Cumberland, made an appearance, as did a Golden Eagle (seen in previous years only during count week). During the Washington County count, Great Egret and American Pipit both were flagged as unusual species. Eastern Bluebird tied a high count from two years ago with 301 individuals. Catoctin Mountain had a Tundra Swan and notes of unusual species (Ruddy Duck, Double-crested Cormorant, Bald Eagle, and Merlin). There were also high counts of Yellow-shafted Flickers and American Robins. The Piedmont Province has four counts. Sugarloaf Mountain counts were low for a number of species, but Bald Eagles and Cooper’s Hawks were count highs. Although it isn’t a count high and they have been present for awhile now, a count of five Common Ravens still seems significant. Seneca also encountered two Common Ravens; they also had a Red-breasted Merganser, Great Egret, Osprey, two Merlins, a House Wren, and a high count of Cooper’s Hawks. Rock Run had Cackling Goose, Golden Eagle, Merlin, and Common Count circles in DELAWARE/MARYLAND AMERICAN BIRDS 47 Yellowthroat. Count highs were set for Ring-necked Duck, Brown Thrasher, and Chipping Sparrow. The 29 Pileated Woodpecker tally matches last year’s count high. Highlights at Rock Run included Thayer’s Gull, two Iceland Gulls, and four Lesser Black-backed Gulls. Compiler Mark Johnson notes a “downward trend” in many duck species, including a lack of Redheads and Wood Ducks. The Triadelphia count had one of the more exciting birds from the region with the count’s first Rufous Hummingbird. It was seen on count day and later banded. Also unexpected was a Caspian Tern. Although lacking great details, this hard-to-mistake bird was reportedly seen quite well. A report of five Double-crested Cormorants doesn’t seem terribly unusual, but they have only been seen a “handful of times” on this count (previous high count was one individual). A Palm Warbler was also recorded on this count. Ten counts make up the Maryland Western Shore and Upper Chesapeake Bay sections of the Coastal Plain. The highlight for the entire region was likely the Aechmophorus (Western/Clark’s) Grebe seen on the Annapolis-Gibson Island count. Their count also had an American Bittern, two Cackling Geese, and high counts of Cooper’s Hawk and Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Nothing unusual was reported from Baltimore Harbor or Point Lookout. The Port Tobacco count had a Peregrine Falcon and a high count of six Cooper’s Hawks. The Bowie count had a Merlin and high counts of Canada Goose, American Wigeon, and American Pipit. Despite a lot of snow, Jug Bay managed to find at least one real treat in the form of a Greater White-fronted Goose. The Patuxent River count had seven Northern Shovelers (never before recorded), three Peregrine Falcons, and a Short-eared Owl, with high counts of Common Grackles and Chipping Sparrows. The Elkton count had rare sightings of both Palm Warbler and Red-throated Loon with a high American Robin tally; Killdeer continued 48 AMERICAN BIRDS to be noticeably absent in this circle. Chesterville hosted an overwintering Northern Shrike for the second consecutive year; with high counts for Great Horned Owl and Common Grackle. Frozen ponds kept waterfowl counts low in Lower Kent County; however, record highs were noted for Horned Lark, Hermit Thrush, Brown Thrasher, and White-throated Sparrow. Lapland Longspur was also observed for the second time in that count’s history. Maryland’s Middle and Lower Eastern Shore is represented by six counts. Not deterred by blizzard conditions, Denton and Salisbury participants tallied 62 and 100 species, respectively. St. Michael’s high counts included Surf Scoter, Bald Eagle, Ringed-billed Gull, Pileated Woodpecker, and Chipping Sparrow; Brown Pelican was observed for the second time in count history. Severe flooding prevented access to much of Southern Dorchester County; however, high counts were noted for Tundra Swan and Wood Duck. Excellent weather greeted Crisfield, resulting in first count records for Cattle Egret and Common Moorhen and a high count for Northern Shoveler. High tallies in Ocean City include Common Eider, Hooded Merganser, and Bald Eagle; missed for the first time in count history was White-winged Scoter. Seven Delaware counts comprise the Upper Eastern Shore and Coastal Plain region. An immature Red-headed Woodpecker was observed in Bombay Hook where high counts included Snow Geese, Ring-necked Duck, Bald Eagle, Great Horned Owl, and Long-eared Owl. Cape Henlopen-Prime Hook recorded its first Grasshopper Sparrow with two separate sightings. Fog did not prevent Milford from adding Barn Owl as a new count species and a second consecutive year sighting of Saltmarsh Sparrow. Birding “Alaska style” best describes the Middletown count, where even in blizzard conditions, high counts were tallied for Hooded Merganser, Black Vulture, and Bald Eagle. Blueheaded Vireo was observed for the first time in Rehoboth, which also set a record high for American Pipit. Count highs for Gadwall, Ring-necked Duck, Double-crested Cormorant, Bald Eagle, Red-shouldered Hawk, Merlin, Pileated Woodpecker, and Chipping Sparrow were recorded by Seaford-Nanticoke. Lastly, the Wilmington count saw firsttime sightings of Black-bellied Plover and a Black-backed/Herring Gull hybrid; record highs included Great Blackbacked Gull and Bald Eagle. WASHINGTON, DC/VIRGINIA Teta Kain 7083 Caffee Creek Lane Gloucester, VA 23061 [email protected] For more than four years this region has endured severe drought conditions, with many ponds, sloughs, and creeks completely dried up, and acres of wetlands seriously compromised. At last, rain drenched the area in September, officially ending the drought. Birders everywhere rejoiced over this change and anticipated a great Christmas count season because of it. They couldn’t, however, have anticipated the unprecedented wild weather that hit the region the first weekend of the 110th CBC count period. Rain, snow, freezing temperatures, and high winds—the likes of which had never been seen in these parts—blanketed Virginia and the District of Columbia. In the southeastern corner of the state, the Norfolk and Virginia Beach area experienced a staggering 60 inches of rainfall for the year, most of it falling in the last two months of 2009. Those wet conditions, combined with dense fog and rain, cut down visibility considerably and hindered birders at Little Creek. Stiff winds didn’t make for easy birding during the Back Bay effort. The western two-thirds of the region was blanketed with snow up to 30 inches deep. Traveling was simply impossible, especially in the higher elevations, although Peaks of Otter and Mount Rogers-White Top squeaked in ahead of the harsh weather and both Count circles in WASHINGTON, DC/VIRGINIA were able to conduct their counts on the dates originally scheduled in fairly mild conditions. During the early part of the count period, Wachapreague, on the Eastern Shore, was awash with driving rain and bitter cold. Many roads were under several feet of water. It was impossible reach favorite overlooks on the bay, and boating parties were simply out of the question. At the end of December, when Cape Charles and Chincoteague counts were held, high winds leveled sand dunes along the shoreline, and water stood in every farm field and hollow area, making it difficult to accomplish good coverage. Four counts fell victim to the wild weather. Torrents of rain canceled the Dismal Swamp count and unremitting wet conditions prevented any thoughts of rescheduling the event. The Hopewell count near Richmond was also canceled, breaking its 57-year continuity, because snow and ice rendered roads too dangerous to travel. Breaks Interstate Park in the far western part of the state and The Plains in Northern Virginia were besieged with snow so deep that residents had difficulty even leaving their houses, let alone go out birding. Continuing weather woes and conflicts with other activities made it impossible to reschedule any of those counts. Washington, DC, struggled under record snows, and that count had to be postponed until the latter part of the period. Others plunged ahead and did the best they could. High winds were a THE 110TH CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT major factor all over the region; many areas reported sustained winds of up to 40 miles per hour. All counts in the western part of the state, except Northern Shenandoah Valley and Glade Spring, reported anywhere from one to 25 inches on snow on the ground. Only a handful of Blacksburg birders braved the elements to cover a few miles by foot and automobile, while 20 feederwatchers stood sturdy for nearly 50 hours at their backyard feeding stations to augment numbers and species. Other CBCs were a little more fortunate because many birders could switch to later dates. In the end, only 41 counts were conducted during the 110th CBC. There were a few wonderfully documented rarities. The report of an immature male Rose-breasted Grosbeak huddled on the ground near a clump of snow would have been very hard to believe, were it not for the great photograph that accompanied the second record of this species on a Virginia count. A Wood Stork seen during count week at two different locations was found dead on count day at Back Bay. A spectacular shot of an adult male Painted Bunting at a feeder in Williamsburg and one of a Golden Eagle soaring over a stand of trees near a field at Calmes Neck were both great finds. An equally amazing photograph of a Lark Sparrow, one of two birds, made it a first-ever record for Cape Charles. Other first-ever sightings for a count were three Cackling Geese at Washington, DC, one Brant at Charlottesville and another at Walkerton, a Broad-winged Hawk at Cape Charles, a Blue-headed Vireo at Charlottesville, and a single White-winged Crossbill at Waynesboro. Two Virginia Rails at Northern Shenandoah Valley, a Eurasian Collared-Dove at Chincoteague, Brewer’s Blackbird at Fort Belvoir, an Eastern Meadowlark at Mount Rogers-White Top, Palm Warblers and Black-crowned Night-Herons at Brooke, Red-breasted Mergansers at Central Loudoun, a Great Egret at ManassasBull Run, a Royal Tern at Wachapreague, and an Osprey at Gordonsville were all firsts for those counts. Given the different set of circumstances under which counts were conducted this year, it would be meaningless to make any comparisons or judgments about the species that were found in low numbers or not detected at all. It can only be said that many fell into that category. No record-breaking statewide high counts were set. NORTH CAROLINA Ricky Davis 608 Smallwood Drive Rocky Mount, NC 27804 [email protected] The 110th CBC in North Carolina consisted of 44 counts this year. One new count was conducted, that being Catawba Valley. Four were not run due to extreme weather conditions: Balsam, Highlands, Shelby, and Wayne County. Temperatures this season were close to AMERICAN BIRDS 49 average, but strong winds and snow events hampered several counts. During this year’s count, 233 species and two forms were reported. There were 819,576 individuals recorded, considerably down from last year’s total. Top coastal species totals included Southport’s 173, Bodie-Pea Islands’ 159, Morehead City’s 157, and Wilmington’s 155. Tidewater counts included 155 at Mattamuskeet N.W.R., 119 at Alligator River (ARNWR), 112 at New Bern, and 111 at Pamlico County. Coastal Plain counts were led by Greenville with 104. Leading Piedmont counts had totals of 100 at Southern Lake Norman, 97 at Kerr Lake, 96 at Durham, and 95 at Southern Pines. Mountains counts were led by Henderson County’s 78, Buncombe County’s 65, and Brevard’s 63. There were two additions to the state CBC list this season—a Wilson’s Phalarope on the Southport count, and a count week Bell’s Vireo at Mattamuskeet. The phalarope was found resting with a large flock of Dunlin on the beach at the Fort Fisher Spit, and the vireo was photographed on the L. Mattamuskeet causeway two days before the count. These species are not normally present along the Atlantic Seaboard during winter. Waterfowl highlights included three Greater White-fronted Geese at Mattamuskeet (1) and Wilmington (2), 160 Snow Geese flying south past Fort Fisher on the Southport count, six Cackling Geese at Pettigrew (3) and Mattamuskeet (3), a female King Eider in flight with female Common Eiders at Morehead City, and a Harlequin Duck at Oregon Inlet on the Bodie-Pea count. Puddle duck numbers were average across the state, but Northern Pintail were down for the second winter in a row. Diving duck numbers were unimpressive with the exception of Common Eider, which staged a major presence in the state with 10 individuals across five counts. Pacific Loons were noted at New Bern (1) and Wilmington (3). Grebe numbers were about average and included a Red-necked at Kitty Hawk and a Western on the Southport count; the Western was only the third ever found on a North Carolina CBC. The Cape Hatteras count’s boat coverage provided three Manx Shearwaters, proving how important this coverage can be to a coastal count. Another Reddish Egret— a dark-morph individual on the Morehead City count—provided the sixth North Carolina CBC record. Ibis numbers were very impressive at Mattamuskeet this season, including a winter record 120 Glossy Ibis. The most unexpected long-legged waders were the seven Wood Storks seen in flight on the Pamlico County count, only the second CBC record for the state. Bird of prey highlights included single well-described Broad-winged Hawks at Mt. Jefferson and nearby New River, probably the same individual; and the three Golden Eagles at Mattamuskeet that provided a record total for a single count in the Count circles in NORTH CAROLINA 50 AMERICAN BIRDS state. Only one Sandhill Crane was found, that being a bird in flight over the river on the Southport count. Sandpiper numbers were about average, but Red Knots increased from the previous season with 948 counted. Easily the best sandpipers were the Spotted Sandpiper on the Kerr Lake count, the Stilt Sandpiper at Mattamuskeet (fourth North Carolina CBC), and the Wilson’s Phalarope on the Southport count—a most amazing find! Gulls were highlighted by a Little Gull at Kitty Hawk and a Glaucous Gull count week at Wilmington. Overall gull and tern numbers were down, while jaeger numbers were most impressive. The Kitty Hawk count reported one Pomarine, five Parasitics, and six jaeger sp.; Bodie-Pea had one jaeger sp.; Cape Hatteras had one Parasitic; and Southport reported two Parasitics. Razorbill numbers were about average with 16 counted on three counts. A Dovekie was an excellent find flying down the Cape Fear River near Fort Fisher on the Southport count—a very unexpected bird for that location. Owl numbers were down but did include a heard-only Northern Sawwhet at Alligator River. Hummingbird numbers were about normal with many Ruby-throateds continuing to winter mostly along the immediate coast, and a handful of Rufous found across the state. This season’s Ash-throated Flycatcher was at Mattamuskeet, and a Western Kingbird was noted at Cape Hatteras. One of the most unexpected
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