User-Centred Design
a challenge for the future (lecture-1)
Prof. dr. Matthias Rauterberg
Faculty Industrial Design
Technical University Eindhoven
[email protected]
Course overview
• Part 1: What is user centred design?
• real humans
• models of humans
• Part 2: How to investigate users?
• observation (physical traces, environmental behavior)
• interview, questionniare
• archive analysis (newsletter, book, internet, museum)
• Part 3: How to design a product?
• product development stages
• user involvement
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Questions:
- What is going wrong?
- Why is it wrong?
- What can be done to
prevent these kinds of
mismatches?
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Three Aspects of Mental Models
• The design model
– what the designer has in
mind about the system
• the user’s model
– what the user think about
the system might work
• the system image
– how the system actually
works
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The user-needs gap
• Designers cooperate
primarily with the paying
clients
• Designers often
do not know the end-users
• Paying clients often
do not know the end-users
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Principle #1: Know Your Users
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Exercise-1
write down your email address & homepage
write down your study/subject
answer the following question:
– What do you expect from this lecture?
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Principle #2: Involve Users Early
and Continuously
• Exercise-2
• answer the following questions:
– What kind of living environment / product /
service do you want to investigate?
– What kind of futuristic scenario do you want to
develop?
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Why are users similar?
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Why are users different?
• genetic differences
– gender, color of the skin, size, etc.
• family background
– traditions, social status, religion, prosperity, etc.
• peer group background
– age, interests, habits, attitudes, etc.
• society/nationality
– culture, language, habits, attitudes, laws, etc.
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Causes for individual behavior
• Internal factors
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genes
physiological aspects
psychological aspects
cognitive experiences
emotional experiences
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• External factors
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family
school/education
peer group
work environment
living environment
written laws
unwritten “laws”
taboos
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Get familiar with your neighbor
• Exercise-3
– talk to your neighbor 3 minutes about some
aspects/experiences of/in your life
– your neighbor has to listen carefully, and to
repeat what you said as accurate as possible
– do this exercise again with changed roles
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How do we perceive the world?
• Senses
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eyes
ears
nose
taste
skin
haptic
• mind & memory
• “heart”
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Get familiar with feelings
• Exercise-4
– talk to your neighbor 3 minutes about some
emotional experiences in your life
– your neighbor has to listen carefully, and to
give feedback about his/her impression of your
actual feelings now here in this room while you
are talking
– do this exercise again with changed roles
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Models of users
• the naive vis-à-vis prototyp
(don’t use this for design!)
• a model in form of an axiom system
• a known system with structure and behavior
analogous to the system under consideration
• a prototypical system (the ideal user)
• an abstract description of the relevant aspects of a
system (e.g., a mental model)
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The cognitive science view
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