Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
You need to know the definition for the terms listed below. Also you need to be able
to give an example for each term.
- Cellular respiration definition-Formula-Product
- Fermentation
- Aerobic Respiration
- Anaerobic Respiration
- Redox reactions
- Oxidation reaction
- Reduction
- Reducing agent
- Oxidizing agent
- Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel in cellular respiration.
- Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular
respiration
- Understand completely and in depth Figure 1 at the power point file attached:
- C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat)
- See figure 2 in power point file for the example of oxidation and reduction.
In the formula below: Which one oxidize? Which one reduces? Which one is an
oxidizer (oxidizing agent)? Which one is a reducer (reducing agent)?
During cellular respiration, the fuel (such as glucose) is oxidized, and O2 is reduced
CELLULAR RESPIRATION IS A STEPWISE PROCESS, WHICH ELECTRONS
TRANSFER. EXPLAIN THE PROCESS. WHICH COMPOUND IS THE FIRST ELECTRON
ACCEPTOR?
Electron transport chain during cellular process is a controlled reaction. Explain
O2 pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble in cellular
respiration.
Harvesting of energy from glucose (Cellular Respiration) has three stages
– Glycolysis (breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate)
– The citric acid cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose)
– Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis)
The process that generates most of the ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation
because it is powered by redox reactions
Which phase of Cellular Respiration accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated?
For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and water by respiration, the cell
makes up to 32 molecules of ATP
Explain substrate level phosphorylation?
What is the product of Glycolysis? What is the reactant starting Glycolysis?
Where Glycolysis occurs?
In the presence of _____________, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion (in eukaryotic
cells) where the oxidation of glucose is completed
Can Pyruvate enter Citric Acid Cycle? If not then explain the intermediate phase
between Glycolysis and Citric Acid cycle.
What is the product of Citric Acid Cycle? What is the reactant starting Citric Acid
Cycle? Where Citric Acid Cycle occurs?
The NADH and FADH2 produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to
the electron transport chain
Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, __________ and _____________ account for
most of the energy extracted from food
NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers, which donate electrons to the electron
transport chain. The donated electrons via NADH and FADH2 powers ATP synthesis
via oxidative phosphorylation.
Where is the location of these electron transport chains? It is in the inner membrane
(cristae) of the mitochondrion
What is the final goal of electrons dropping in free energy down the chain? The
electrons are finally passed to O2, forming H2O (one of the final products of Cellular
Respiration)
Most cellular respiration requires O2 to produce ATP. What happens in the absence
of O2?
Anaerobic respiration (in case of O2 absence) uses an electron transport chain with
a final electron acceptor other than O2, for example ___________________.
Explain two different types of fermentation that we discussed in class and know the
examples for each kind of fermentation.
Why do we use ONLY Alcohol fermentation in baking ?
Compare the production of ATP in cellular respiration and fermentation and explain
which one is more beneficial for a complex organism with high metabolism?
Explain evolutionary significance of glycolysis.
Glycolysis is a very ancient process. Explain.
Be able to label: