INTRODUCTION
Transport is an important part
of India's economy. Since
the economic liberalisationof the
1990s, infrastructure development has
progressed rapidly; today there is a
variety of modes of transport by land,
water and air.
In ancient times, even with decent
road system, there was no means
for transportation and people
covered long distances on foot or
bullock carts.
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EXISTING TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
India’s transport sector is large and diverse and carters to more
than 1.2 billion people. Transport network is like the
circulatory system of the human body that connects the people
all across the country. The economy growth depends on the
level of connectivity and smoothness that the transport offers
to the economy.
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This sector primarily comprises of four subsectors,
namely;
Roads
Railways
Ports
Aviation
India has a road network of over 4,689,842 kilometers
(2,914,133 mi) in 2013,the second largest road network in the world
. At 0.66 km of roads per square kilometer of land, the quantitative
density of India's road network is similar to that of the United States
(0.65) and far higher than that of China (0.16) or Brazil (0.20).
However, qualitatively India's roads are a mix of modern highways
and narrow, unpaved roads, and are being improved.
India in its past did not allocate enough resources to build or maintain its
road network .
This has changed since 1995, with major efforts currently underway to
modernize the country's road infrastructure.
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Generally, traffic in most of the cities in India
moves slowly, where traffic jams and
accidents are very common, but in some
cities like Chandigarh, wide roads and less
vehicles contribute to lesser traffic
Indian railway is the 3rd largest railway
network in the world.
Total rout length is about 65400km.
It is the most popular means of transport
for the common man.
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The first modern rapid transit in India is
the Kolkata Metro and started its operations
in 1984,this is also the
17th Zone of the Indian Railways.
TheDelhi Metro in New Delhi
is India's second conventional
metro and began
operations in 2002.
The Namma Metro in Bangalore is
India's third operational rapid
transit and began operations in
2011. Currently, rapid transit
systems have been deployed in
these cities and more are under
construction or in planning in
several major cities of India like
Chennai which will be opened
shortly.
The port sector was opened to private sector in 1997.
India has 12 major ports along with 187 non major ports.
Currently, there are 5 waterways which have been declared as NWs
(National Waterways).
Air transport is the preferred mode
of transport for long distance travel
, business travel and for transport
high value commodities.
AAI (Airport Authority of India) is
the main organization managing 125
airports across the country.
India has become the 9th largest civil
aviation market in the world.
Main Problems of Transport
Development in India
Main Problems of Transport
Development in India
Since 1951, the development in the transport sector is quite good
but there are many hurdles in the path of progress.
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Potential rise in the passenger and freight
traffic
Congested and poor quality roads
Poor connectivity with rural areas
Overburdened railway network
Explosive growth in vehicle ownership
Inadequate port infrastructure
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Faulty Planning of Transport System:
Development is unbalanced.
Heavy pressure on rail and road transport .
Lack of fast & adequate public transport.
For balanced development of region, alternative routes
should be developed e.g. Metro in Delhi has decreased the
pressure on road transport.
Hilly and remote areas lack all weather transport facility.
8. Worn out and Obsolete Assets:
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Old and worn out infrastructure.
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In railways 25% of the route length and 75 to 80% of
machinery in railway workshops have to be replaced.
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Transport Corporations are out-dated and out modeled.
Need immediate replacement.
Main cause of accidents and environmental pollution.
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9. Improved technology:
Modernisation and use of latest technology in
transport system is the need of hour.
Using age old technology
Road construction is of substandard and it
increases over head expenditure.