TURGID.
The plant cell is in a PURE WATER
SOLUTION/DILUTE /HYPOTONIC/DISTILLED
solution.
The area of highest water potential is…OUTSIDE THE
CELL. The area of lowest water potential is…INSIDE
THE CELL
Therefore water moves…INTO THE CELL. (high to low
gradient, vacuole creates pressure on cell wall).
FLACCID
The plant cell is in a CONCENTRATED
SOLUTION/LESS DILUTE solution.
The area of highest water potential is…INSIDE THE
CELL. The area of lowest water potential is…OUTSDIE
THE CELL. Therefore water moves…OUT OF THE CELL.
GRADIENT NOT TOO HIGH. Vacuole has shrunk a
little, cell membrane has come away from the cell
wall.
PLASMOLYSED
The plant cell is in a CONCENTRATED (HIGH
SUGAR/SALT)/HYPERTONIC solution.
The area of highest water potential is…INSIDE THE CELL
The area of lowest water potential is…OUTSIDE THE CELL
Therefore water moves…OUTSIDE THE CELL (HIGH
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT). Cell vacuole has shrunk,
cell membrane has totally come away from the cell wall –
cell no longer functions/dead/dying.
NORMAL
The animal cell is in a ISOTONIC/SAME
CONCENTRATION solution.
The area of highest water potential is…SAME INSIDE AND
OUTSIDE OF THE CELL/EQUILIBRIUM/BALANCED
Therefore water moves…IN AND OUT AT SAME
RATE/DOESN’T MOVE
CRENATION
The animal cell is in a CONCENTRATED/HIGHER
CONCENTRATION/HYPERTONIC solution.
The area of highest water potential is…INSIDE THE CELL
The area of lowest water potential is…OUTSIDE THE CELL
Therefore water moves…OUT OF THE CELL
DECREASING PRESSURE –
PLASMOLYSED/CRENATED, CELLS DIE
HAEMOLYSED
The animal cell is in a PURE WATER/VERY
DILUTE/HYPOTONIC solution.
The area of highest water potential is…OUTSIDE THE CELL
The area of lowest water potential is…INSIDE THE CELL
Therefore water moves…INTO THE CELL. CAUSES CELL TO
SWELL, TURGID, PRESSURE AND BURSTING (cell
membrane cannot control water flow in), CELL DIES.
TURGID
When you put cells into
pure water or a solution
that is not as concentrated
as the cell’s cytoplasm then
water moves by osmosis
into the plant cell vacuole.
The pressure of the added
water causes the cell to
swell. The cell becomes
turgid.
FLACCID
When you put cells into
a solution with the
same concentration as
the cell’s cytoplasm
then water moves by
osmosis into and out of
the plant cell vacuole at
the same rate.
There is no added
pressure caused by the
movement of water
and the cell doesn’t
swell. The cell is called
PLASMOLYSED
When you put cells into a
concentrated solution or a
solution with a higher
concentration than the cell’s
cytoplasm then water moves by
osmosis out of the plant cell
vacuole.
The loss of water from the
vacuole decreases pressure in
the cell and the cell membrane
pulls away from the cell wall.
The cell is plasmolysed.
HAEMOLYSED
When you put cells into pure
water or a solution that is not as
concentrated as the cell’s
cytoplasm then water moves by
osmosis into the cell.
The pressure of the added water
causes the cell to swell. The cell
becomes turgid and eventually
the cell membrane splits, this is
haemolysis (cell dies!)
NORMAL
When you put cells into a
solution with the same
concentration as the cell’s
cytoplasm then water moves by
osmosis into and out of the cell
membrane at the same rate.
There is no added pressure
caused by the movement of
water and the cell doesn’t
swell. The cell is normal.
CRENATION
When you put cells into a
concentrated solution or a
solution with a higher
concentration than the cell’s
cytoplasm then water moves by
osmosis out of the cell
membrane.
The loss of water from the cell
decreases pressure in the cell
and the cell begins to shrink. The
cells are plasmolysed
(crenated).