Dependency of Urban Traffic on Black
Carbon Mass Concentrations: Examples from
Leipzig, La Paz and Manila
Alfred Wiedensohler, and Co-workers
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
World Calibration Center for Aerosol Physics
Sino-German Center
Workshop on Soot in the Atmosphere
June 27-30, 2016
Black Carbon Emissions from Traffic
 In urban areas, traffic is still a major contributor for the
emission of black carbon.
 Especially in Asia and Latin America, “old-technology”
vehicles can contribute significantly to such emissions.
 To illustrate actual problems, example for La Paz (Bolivia)
and Manila (Philippines) are shown.
 A third study (Leipzig, Germany) illustrates how
mitigation measure can improve the air quality in terms
of black carbon.
Foto: Mario Anhalt
Day of Census in Bolivia
 During an intensive field study, we had the
opportunity to study the effect of no cars in the
city.
 During the day of census in Bolivia, on Nov. 21,
2012, all people had to stay home.
 Generally, there is no private domestic heating in
La Paz and El Alto.
Concentration carbon monoxide ppmv
Carbon Monoxide Concentrations
day of census
Day of the month
Mass concentration eqBC µg/m3
Black Carbon Mass Concentration
day of census
Day of the month
Particle Number Size Distribution
Particle diameter nm
Number concentration dN/logDP cm-3
background
traffic
Day of the month
Manila Aerosol Characterization
Experiment 2015
 From March to June 2015, intensive
measurements in Metro Manila were performed
 One background station, Manila Observatory
 Two Street sites: Katipunan & Taft Ave.
 Focus was given to Black Carbon and the particle
number size distribution
Black Carbon- Manila (Philippinen)
Black Carbon - Manila (Philippinen)
Low Emission Zone Leipzig - LEZ
 As a mitigation strategy to reduce PM10 and PM2.5 mass
concentrations, a LEZ was established in Leipzig 2011.
 Only Diesel vehicles with EURO4 (or equivalent) were
allowed to enter the LEZ.
 Exceptions, mainly for small and mid-sized enterprises for
their light duty vehicles were given until end 2014
 In cooperation with the State office for Environment,
Agriculture & Geology, we studied the change in black
carbon and ultrafine particle number concentration.
Foto: Mario Anhalt
LEZ Leipzig
Foto: Mario Anhalt
LEZ Sampling Sites
Melpitz
TROPOS
Foto: Mario Anhalt
Leipzig-West
Leipzig-Mitte
Eisenbahnstr.
Leipzig Background - BC Mass Concentration
3
mBC in µg / m³
L-Background
2010 (01.07.-31.12.)
2012
2013
2014
2015
2011
2
1
0
Foto: Mario Anhalt
monday
tuesday
wednesday
thursday
friday
saturday
sunday
Leipzig Mitte - BC Mass Concentration
9
L-Mitte
2010 (01.07.-31.12.)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
8
mBC in µg / m³
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Foto: Mario Anhalt
monday
tuesday
wednesday
thursday
friday
saturday
sunday
Difference Leipzig Mitte – Background
BC Mass Concentration
7
Difference L-Mitte/L-Background
2010 (01.07.-31.12.)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
6
mBC in µg / m³
5
4
3
2
1
0 Anhalt
Foto: Mario
monday
tuesday
wednesday
thursday
friday
saturday
sunday
Difference Leipzig Mitte – Background
N30-200 Concentration
16000
Difference L-Mitte/L-Background
2010
2012
2014
14000
2011
2013
2015
PN30-200 in #/cm³
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
Foto: Mario Anhalt
0
monday
tuesday
wednesday
thursday
friday
saturday
sunday
Trends GUAN (2009-2014)
BC Mass & N60-300 Concentrations
Foto: Mario Anhalt
Summary
 In many cities in Asia and Latin America, black carbon
dominates the particulate air pollution.
 Mitigation strategies have to be implemented.
 Social and economic impacts have to be considered.
 Changing atmospheric composition (here black carbon)
has to be monitored by scientific institutions.
 Decreasing health risk has to be proven.
Foto: Mario Anhalt