Genetic Engineering
Artificial Selection
http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session5/closer1.html
http://bio3520.nicerweb.com/Locked/chap/ch02/artificial_selection-dogs.html
Limitations:
 Traits must be present within the population
 Time…
Genetic Engineering


Incorporate new genes from
one species into an unrelated
species
Why?
 Increase crop yields
 Reduce cost
 Produce pharmaceuticals
 Resistance to pests and
diseases

“Genetically Modified
Organisms” (GMOs)
http://www.glofish.com/
Recombinant DNA Technology




Requires “cutting” and
“pasting” DNA
Restriction enzymes cut
DNA at specific
sequences
DNA ligase (an
enzyme) recombines
DNA fragments with
matching sticky ends
Results in recombinant
DNA
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/ge/m6/s1/index.htm
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biological-engineering/20-109-laboratory-fundamentals-in-biological-engineering-fall-2007/labs/mod1_3/
Transferring Genes

Vectors - DNA
molecules used to
carry gene into
target cell
 Bacterial
plasmids
 Viruses
http://academic.pgcc.edu/~kroberts/Lecture/Chapter%207/horizontal.html
Transferring Genes

Vectors - DNA
molecules used to
carry gene into
target cell
 Bacterial
plasmids
 Viruses
http://www.web-books.com/MoBio/Free/Ch9A.htm
Transferring Genes

Vectors - DNA
molecules used to
carry gene into
target cell
 Bacterial
plasmids
 Viruses

Gene gun
http://classes.soe.ucsc.edu/cmpe080e/Spring05/projects/gmo/technicality.htm
http://www.irri.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task=category&id=764:golden-rice-at-irri&lang=en