WP 18 Overview on deliberate storage
Partners 1, 4, 6, 14
(UIB, IFM-GEOMAR, LSCE, TUHH)
CARBOOCEAN
Gran Canaria, December 2006
WP 18 Purposeful carbon storage
•
Parameterization of vertical
rise velocity of carbon dioxide
droplets
•
Coupling of MITgcm to
•
GOTM and and application
for the “lake scenario
Increased GCM resolution
important for a not only for
WP 18
•
•
Announcement: SO 196 – an
analogon for purposeful CO2
injection
New views: The deep sea
subsedimentary option
(House et al. 2006)
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Pressure-lab based parameterizations
•
Parameterization of vertical
rise velocity of carbon dioxide
droplets
•
Coupling of MITgcm to
•
GOTM and and application
for the “lake scenario
Increased GCM resolution
important for a not only for
WP 18
•
•
Nikolaus Bigalke
Announcement: SO 196 – an
analogon for purposeful CO2
injection
New views: The deep sea
subsedimentary option
(House et al. 2006)
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Experiments on CO2-droplet rise velocity
•
Midwater release option adresses
release, rise, and dissolution of
liquid CO2 at intermediate (<2800m)
water depth
•
CO2 droplets dissolve in the
process of rising upward due to
buoyancy
•
During ascend, hydrate forms at
CO2-seawater interface, slowing
down dissolution
•
Understanding dissolution
characterisitcs of CO2 droplets in
the flow field is essential for
assessing the depth distribution of
the released CO2, near injection pH
fields etc.
•
First adressed experimentally: Rise
Velocity
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Experimental setup for rise velocities
• Release of
single droplets
within pressure
lab with free
control of P, T
• Measurement of
rise velocity by
passing through 2
horizons of
known distance
by cameras in
pressure housing
• Size
determination by
monitoring
droplet after
focussing its
pathway through
a funnel to avoid
parallax
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Selection of P/T conditions
•
First set of lab experiments on
rise velocities of hydrate-coated
CO2 droplets are presented for
P,T conditions along a typical
marine P/T-profile
•
Influence of hydrate skin is
investigated by conducting
experiments in- and outside
field of hydrate stability
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Observed rise velocities of CO2 droplets in seawater (35PSU)
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Impact of a hydrate skin
rSW-rCO2 = 0.075g/cm3
Expectations
confirmed that
behaviour of
hydrate coated
droplets
resembles that of
surfactant covered
gas bubbles
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Mobile versus rigid surface
clean Bubble
dirty Bubble
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Refining earlier parameterizations
Deviation of
calculated rise
velocities using
standard drag
coefficients from
observations
stresses need for
new approach of
drag parametrisation
- Green line follows
parameterization for
rigid sphere
- Blue line follows
rigid irregular particle
calculation (Gangstø
et al., 2005)
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Near-field modelling – „seafloor scenario“
•
•
•
•
•
Parameterization of vertical
rise velocity of carbon
dioxide droplets
Coupling of MITgcm to
GOTM and and application
for the “lake scenario
Increased GCM resolution
important for a not only for
WP 18
Announcement: SO 196 – an
analogon for purposeful
CO2 injection
New views: The deep sea
subsedimentary option
(House et al. 2006)
Lars Inge
Enstad
Gran Canaria, December 2006
The model
•
•
The MITgcm is a general circulation model freely available at http://mitgcm.org which
can be used on a wide range of scales.
This model is coupled with General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) which is a a
one-dimensional turbulence water column model for marine and limnological
applications freely available at http://gotm.net.
•
The coupling is verified using idealised flow cases
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Flow configuration
•
•
The numbers of grid points is 100 x 50 x 120 and the lowest grid point in the
vertical direction is 1.05 meters above the sea bottom.
The size of the lake is approximately 500 x 400 meters and the center of the lake is
located 1.75 km from the upstream end of the channel.
• Three different velocities are used: U = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 m/s
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Time evolution CO2 plume
•
The figure displays isosurfaces
with a pH reduction of 0.1.
•
Over the CO2 lake there is a
depression in the vertical
extent of the plume.
•
This is probably due to
damping of the turbulence
because of the density gradient
introduced by dissolved CO2.
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Reduction of pH in the x-z plane
•
The figure
represents the
contour plot of the
pH reductions in
the center x-z plane.
•
The profile of the
CO2 plume
approaches a
steady state near
the lake.
Gran Canaria, December 2006
GCM-scale model improvemnets
•
•
•
•
•
Parameterization of vertical
rise velocity of carbon
dioxide droplets
Coupling of MITgcm to
GOTM and and application
for the “lake scenario
Increased GCM resolution
important for a not only for
WP 18
Announcement: SO 196 – an
analogon for purposeful
CO2 injection
New views: The deep sea
subsedimentary option
(House et al. 2006)
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Investigating a natural system
•
•
•
•
•
Parameterization of vertical
rise velocity of carbon
dioxide droplets
Coupling of MITgcm to
GOTM and and application
for the “lake scenario
Increased GCM resolution
important for a not only for
WP 18
Announcement: SO 196 –
an analogon for purposeful
CO2 injection
New views: The deep sea
subsedimentary option
(House et al. 2006)
Gran Canaria, December 2006
The NW Eifuku hydrothermal field
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Cruise schedule
•
•
•
Leave Suva 17. 02. 2008
Guam
28. 2. -2 .3. 2008
Manila
27. 03. 2008
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Groups involved
Partners
Coordination
Prof. Gregor Rehder (IOW)
Other proponents
Prof. Monika Rhein (Universität Bremen)
National partners
Prof. Arne Körtzinger (IFM-GEOMAR)
International Partners
Prof. Peter Brewer, Dr. Ed Peltzer (MBARI)
Dr. Jun Kita (RITE)
Prof. Yoshihisa Shirayama (SETO,
University of Kyoto)
Dr. John Lupton (NOAA)
Dr. Ko-Ichi Nakamura (AIST)
Dr. Fumio Inagaki (JAMSTEC)
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Deep-sea subsedimentary carbon dioxide storage
•
•
•
•
•
Parameterization of vertical
rise velocity of carbon
dioxide droplets
Coupling of MITgcm to
GOTM and and application
for the “lake scenario
Increased GCM resolution
important for a not only for
WP 18
Announcement: SO 196 – an
analogon for purposeful
CO2 injection
New views: The deep sea
subsedimentary option
(House et al. 2006)
Gran Canaria, December 2006
House et al., PNAS 103, 12291-95 (2006)
Gran Canaria, December 2006
Gravitational stable even in case of migration
Gran Canaria, December 2006
WP 18 Overview on deliberate storage
Nikolaus Bigalke, Lars Inge Enstedt, Peter Haugan,
Guttorm Alendal, Jim Orr
?
CARBOOCEAN
Gran Canaria, December 2006