Sampling Methods
Sampling
• Purpose
– Detect and quantify
– Identify sources/amplification
– Assess potential virulence
– Assess effectiveness of controls
Cladosporium
Steps in
Sampling
•
•
•
•
•
•
Selection of a laboratory
Selection of analyts
Selection of methods
Sensitivity of method
Field sampling QC
Reporting and lab support
Approaches to
Sampling
• Qualitative - Type
• Quantitative - Concentration
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(Liquid Impinger)
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(Fungal Spore Sampling & Spore Traps)
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(Impactor Samplers)
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(Sedimentation Settling Plates)
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(Airborne Particulates & Bulk Samples)
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(Dust & Tape Lifts)
Tape Lift
Sampling
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(Swab/Wipe & Surface Contact Plate)
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(Water Sample & Endotoxins in air)
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(Mycotoxins in Air)
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(MVOC’s in Air & β-1,3-D-Glucans in Air)
Overview of Microbial Sample
Collection Methods
(MVOC’s in Air & β-1,3-D-Glucans in Air)
Microbial By Products
(Ergosterol in Air)
Notes:
*Can also analyze for in bulk, surface and water samples.
CFU-colony forming units
M3-cubic metres of air
Mg-milligrams
Ng-nanograms
Ppm-parts per million
Ml-milliliter
G-gram
**References used to general Table 1 above are listed
below 1-8
environmentaleducati
Plate Sampling
Air
Flow Valve
Biosis
Pump
Rotameter
Plate Sampling
Stacked Plate
Samplers
Impinger
Sampling
• Impingement
– Liquid media
Impinger
Sampling
• Types of Impingers
– AGI-30
– AGI-4
Impinger
Sampling
Air Sampling
• Types of Filtration
– Membrane filter cassette
Passive
Sampling
• Deposition
– Gravity on agar
Passive
Sampling
• Types of gravitational
– Settling plates
Air Sampling
(Spore Trap)
• Collects “everything”
– Viable,non-viable,pollen,
• Unable to differentiate
Carpet Sampling
• Collect spores in the carpet pile using
air pump
• Identifies type of mold
• Looking for uncommon types
• Provides historical information
Carpet Sampling
Data
Interpretation
• Concentration inside versus outside.
• Mold types inside versus outside.
• Presence or absence of a specific
mold.
• Location of unknown source.
• Change in concentration following
remediation.
• Is a “snap shot” in time.
Stachybotris
Aspergillus
environmentaleducati
TO INTERPRET YOUR REPORT
1.
2.
3.
Using the table below, locate the type(s) of mold identified on the reverse side of this report.
Moving across the columns, determine in which column(s) an “X” appears. The heading at the top of the column
indicates the hazard associated with that type of mold.
Refer to the description section for more information.
Descriptions
Allergenic molds are normally not
dangerous, but they can cause allergic
or
asthmatic
symptoms
such
as
wheezing or runny nose. These molds
can be abated safely without the
assistance of a professional.
It is
suggested that personal protection, in
the form of gloves and disposable
particulate-removing respirator be used,
especially in those who experience
allergies and/or asthma.
Mycotoxic molds can cause serious
health effects in humans and animals.
Health effects range from short-term
irritation
to
immunosuppression
to
cancer and even death.
If any toxic
molds are identified in this report, it is
suggested that you seek the advice of
an Industrial Hygienist or other mold
professional
for
guidance.
The
abatement of these types of mold
should NOT be attempted by the
average homeowner.
Pathogenic molds can cause serous
health
effects
in
persons
with
suppressed immune systems, those
taking
chemotherapy,
those
with
HIV/AIDS, or auto-immunity disorders.
If any pathogenic molds are identified in
this report, it is suggested that you seek
the advice of an Industrial Hygienist or
other mold professional for guidance.
The abatement of these types of mold
should NOT be attempted by the
average homeowner.
Mold sp.
Absidia sp.
Acremonium sp.
Alternaria sp.
Aspergillus
Basidiomycetes
Bipolaris sp.
Chaetomium sp.
Cladosporium sp.
Curvularia sp.
Epicoccum sp.
Fusarium sp.
Gliocladium sp.
Helminthosporium sp.
Histoplasma sp.
Humicula sp.
Mucor sp.
Nigrospora sp.
Paecilomyces sp.
Penicillium sp.
Phoma sp.
Pithomyces sp.
Rhizomucor sp.
Rhizopus sp.
Rhodotorula sp.
Saccharomyces sp.
Scopulariopsis sp.
Sporobolomyces sp.
Sporothrix sp.
Sporotrichum sp.
Stachybotrys sp.
Stemphylium sp.
Syncephalastrum sp.
Torula sp.
Trichoderma sp.
Trichophyton sp.
Trichothecium sp.
Tritirachium sp.
Ulocladium sp.
Verticillium sp.
Wallemia sp.
Allergen
Mycotoxin
Pathogen
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
References