GOFC/GOLD - Fire
Requirements for
Fire Observations
Requirements and Status
Cover Products
Fine resolution land cover
classification
Fine resolution land cover
change (RAD)
Fine resolution land cover
change (harvesting,
insect and disease,
regeneration)
Forest Cover
fragmentation product
CNES WS
App 3, p.11
Y
Y Landsat, HRV
Y
N (available
regionally)
N
N
N
CNES WS
App 3, p.11
Y
Y, Landsat, HRV
Y
N (available
regionally)
P
N
N
CNES WS
App 3, p.11
Y
P, Landsat, HRV
P
N (available
regionally)
P
N
N
CNES WS
App 3, p.16
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Coarse resolution land
cover classification
CNES WS
App 4, p.31
Y
MODIS/
Vegetation/
AVHRR
Y
MODIS standard
product; GLC
2000
P
Y (VIIRS EDR)
N
Coarse resolution forest
density (continuous fields)
CNES WS
App 4, p.33
Y
MODIS/
Vegetation/
AVHRR
Y
MODIS product
P
N
N
Coarse resolution land
cover change (indicator)
CNES WS
App 4, p.34
Y
P (MODIS 250m)
Y
N (available
regionally)
N
N
N
Active fire detection daily (polar)
CNES WS
App 4, p.35
Y
Y
Y
MODIS, AVHRR,
DMSP, AATSR,
VIRS
P
Y
P
Active fire detection diurnal cycle
(geostationery+polar)
Burnt area
FIRE IT web
site
Y
Y
Y
GOES, VIRS
P
Y
N
CNES WS
App 4, p.36
Y
Y
Y
P
N
N
Emission product suite
FIRE IT web
site
FIRE IT web
site
Y
P
?
N
N
N
Y
?
?
Globscar, GBA2000, MODIS
Regional
N (available
regionally)
N (available
regionally)
N
N
N
CNES
App 4,
CNES
App 4,
WS
p.35
WS
p.38
Y
Y
Y
MODIS
P
?VIIRS
N
Y
Y
Y
AVHRR, MODIS
P
?VIIRS
N
CNES
App 4,
CNES
App 4,
CNES
App 4,
WS
p.39
WS
p.40
WS
p.41
Y
Y
Y
GOES
P
?VIIRS
N
Y
Y
Y
AVHRR, MODIS
P
N
N
Y
N
P
N
N
N
N
Fire Products
Fire danger rating
Biophysical Products
LAI
FPAR
PAR
NPP
Biomass
* for the sake of brevity I have indicated the sensor from which prototype
Fire Products
GOFC/GOLD Products
GOFC
Spec.
Requir Observ Algorit Prototy Assess Operati
ement ations
hms
pe
ment
onal
Active fire detection daily (polar)
CNES
WS App
4, p.35
Y
Y
Y
Active fire detection diurnal cycle
(geostationery+polar)
FIRE IT
web site
Y
Y
Y
Burnt area
CNES
WS App
4, p.36
Y
Y
Y
Emission product
suite
FIRE IT
web site
Y
P
?
Fire danger rating
FIRE IT
web site
Y
?
?
QA &
Val
Iterate
MODIS,
AVHRR,
DMSP,
AATSR,
VIRS
GOES,
VIRS
P
Y
P
N
P
Y
N
N
Globscar,
GBA2000,
MODIS
Regional
N
(available
regionally)
P
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
(available
regionally)
N
N
N
N
Fire Observations
• Near Real Time (15 mins) for Regional Fire Control and Air
Quality Management
• Temporal Summaries for Fire and Ecosystem Management,
National Reporting and Global Change Research
• Requirements for
– sensing systems with appropriate characteristics for deriving fire
products
– Intermediate and derived fire products of known accuracy
– Web based open access to data
– Consistent Long Term Data records – fire history and policy
effectiveness
• Requirements evolving - user needs / observation capabilities
– Rapid operational prototyping
Summary Requirements:
Active Fire/Fire Power
• Integrated Multi-source Satellite acquisition with appropriate sensors
for fire detection (SWIR, MIR, Thermal – geolocation, spectral and
temporal registration)
– 15 minute Geostationary
• Global Geostationary Network
– Daily Day/Night Polar Orbiting Moderate Resolution (500m-1km)
– Targeted High Resolution (<30m) Imaging (24 hours)
• e.g. Sensor Web
• Derived Products (Validated)
– NRT Active Fire - Location /Power/Detection Probability (mins to hours)
– Daily, Monthly, Annual, Multiyear Active Fire Distributions
• Web based fire location delivery (inc. email alert system)
Summary Requirements:
Burned Area
• Multi-source Satellite Acquisition with sensor
characteristics for burned area estimation (geolocation,
band to band registration, visible, NIR, SWIR)
– Daily Geostationary <1km
– Daily Polar Orbiting Mod Resn (250m - 1km)
– Targeted High Resn (30m)
• E.g. sensor web technology – link to active fire detection
• Derived Validated Products
– NRT (24 - 72 Hrs) High (30m) and Moderate Resn (250 – 1km)
Burned Area identification
– Global 10 -16 day Moderate Resn Burned Area, Seasonal, Annual
Summaries, Multiyear record
– 30m Burned Area (Post fire assessment and Validation) – targeted
fires
Summary Requirements:
Fire Emissions
• Satellite Data
– 15 min Geostationary (Active fire / Area Burned / Smoke) for NRT
– Global Daily observations (Burned area products) for temporal
summaries
• In-situ Data (Sample)
– Fuel Load for product validation
– Emission Factors
– Aerosol optical thickness (e.g. Aeronet)
• Intermediate Product
– Modeled Fuel Loads – seasonal / annual
• Derived Products (Modeled)
– NRT Trace Gas and Particulate Emissions
– 10/16 Day – Monthly Emissions, Seasonal summaries, Multi annual
emissions
– Direct emission observation – aerosols, trace gases
Summary Requirements:
Fire Danger Status
• Satellite Data with appropriate characteristics for
monitoring vegetation state (geolocation, registration,
vis, nir, swir, thermal)
– Polar Orbiter 250-1km (vegetation state, moisture content)
• In-situ Data
– Weather
– Fuel amount and condition (satellite and modeled)
• Intermediate Products
– Recent Weather (Assimilated)
– Satellite Vegetation Moisture Content
– Modeled Fuel amount (Allocated annual NPP)
• Derived Products (Modeled)
– 10/16 Day – Fire Danger Rating
Importance of Product Validation
• Importance of providing products of known accuracy
(validated products) for both science and applications
• Validated to Stage 2 prior to broad distribution - range
of conditions for which the product is provided
• GOFC/GOLD close partnership with CEOS Cal Val WG
-Land Products Validation (LPV)
– International coordination needed for Stage 3 Global Product
Validation
GOFC/GOLD-Fire Goals
• Increase user awareness
– develop an increased understanding of the utility of satellite fire
products and their use for global change research, resource
management and policy (UN, Regional, National, Local)
• Establish a geostationary global fire network
– providing operational high temporal resolution standard fire products
of known accuracy
• Secure operational polar orbiters with adequate fire
monitoring capability
– providing operational moderate resolution long-term global fire
products to meet user requirements and serving a network of
distributed ground stations
– providing improved fire products (fuel moisture content/active
fire/burned area/fire characterization) in a timely fashion
– Providing operational high resolution acquisition allowing active fire,
burned area, fire characterization and post-fire assessments
GOFC/GOLD-Fire Goals (Cont’d)
• Determine product accuracies
– operational network of fire validation sites and protocols established
providing accuracy assessment for operational products and a test bed for
new or enhanced products – leading to standard products of known
accuracy
• Develop a set of standard fire danger /
susceptibility models
– combining meteorological data, remote sensing, and ground based
information
• Develop fire emissions product suites
– providing annual emission estimates of known accuracy with the associated
input data
• Establish enhanced user products and data access
– Operational multi-source fire / GIS products, Web based data access,
Improved national fire reporting, Fire characterization
• Promote experimental fire observation systems and
related research
– in new areas focused on meeting current information gaps
Outreach – Fire Web Site
REDLaTIF – South America
Key sections also in Spanish and Russian
Rapid Operational Prototyping
GLOBSCAR for GOFC
http://www.geosuccess.net

ATSR-2

Monthly for 2000

1km

Validated

Global algorithm regionally
adjusted (NIR and TIR)

Quicklooks, ASCII and
Vector data

Demonstration no follow-on
ESA applications related to Land Cover, July 2004
The Global Burnt Area 2000 initiative (GBA-2000)
Mapping, from SPOT-VEGETATION S1 imagery, of the areas burnt globally
during 2000
Total global annual burned area estimated at  3.5 million km2
> 600,000 burn scars detected
J-M. Grégoire & K. Tansey et al.
SensorWeb Demonstration Scenario
National Priority Wildfires 8-22-03
Natural Hazards
investigators at UMD.
UMD team transforms
image into ERDAS
format and FTP’s file
to USFS/Salt Lake
City where burn
extent product is
derived. Result is
sent to BAER team at
Robert Fire.
NRT Emissions :
Remote Sensing Fire
Detection (ABBA-MODIS)
Emission Product
NAAPS Transport
4D-Data
Assimilation?
Microphysics and
Radiation Routines
(Reality Check)
MODIS Rapid Response Distribution
Automatic subsets
• Browse-and-click interface
• Thumbnail available for each image
• Multiple spatial resolutions, multiple band combinations, multiple products
• Gallery images are georeferenced (“world file” available for GIS users)
• Link to actual data at the DAAC (WHOM and Data Pool), link to ECHO client
planned
• Over 160 application-specific automatic subsets
Web Fire Mapper
at Univ. of Maryland
Flash-based
interactive viewer
Near-real-time “browse” imagery
The MODIS Rapid Response Project – J. Descloitres – MODIS Science Team Meeting, 07/13/04
E-mail based alert system
for protected areas
Example of an e-mail alert attachment showing
fires in the Tsingy de Bemaraha Reserve,
Madagascar
Users can subscribe to the email alert system on line at http://maps.geog.umd.edu
Additional National Scale Fire Products
ARC IMS Interactive Web Mapping
Imagery
Fire Detections
MODIS, WFABBA
Fire Regime/Condition
Class
Fire Danger Rating
System