The cytology and histology of the root nodules of some leguminosae

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
1933
The cytology and histology of the root nodules of
some leguminosae
Fredrick Wilhelm Bieberdorf
Iowa State College
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Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons
Recommended Citation
Bieberdorf, Fredrick Wilhelm, "The cytology and histology of the root nodules of some leguminosae " (1933). Retrospective Theses and
Dissertations. Paper 13215.
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