ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, many thanks and gratitude goes to Allah SWT for his mercy, I am given this opportunity to pursue PhD. I also would like to thank a number of people for their support and advices during the period of my study. Many thanks go to Prof. Dato' Dr. Mohammad Redzuan Othman, my supervisor for his invaluable assistance and encouragement throughout the study. I also would like to thank lecturers and friends from the University of Malaya for their constructive comments and criticism. My appreciation also goes to Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM) formerly known as Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia (KPTM) for rendering me scholarship under the SLAB/SLAI scheme to pursue my PhD at the University of Malaya. To my employer, the Islamic Science University of Malaysia (USIM), thank you for giving me this opportunity to further study for my career development. I also would like to thank the University of Malaya (UM) for providing me financial assistance under the Student Grants, which help me a lot in my oversea trips to the United Kingdom to collect data from the National Archives and the British Library in London. I am grateful to the library of the University of Malaya (UM), the Library of the National University of Malaysia (UKM), and The National Library of Singapore for providing me with facilities and assistance in collecting materials. My thanks also go to the National Archive of Malaysia and its branches throughout Malaysia in the Malay Peninsula, the National Archive of London and the National Archive of Singapore for their assistance and facilities provided during my research study. Last but not least, I wish to take this opportunity to thank my mother Fauziyah Binti Saad, for her love and constant du‘a’. To my husband Hir Azli, thank you for your understanding and patience. And also to my lovely daughters Nur Khir Yusra and Nur vii Khir Hannah, thank you for cheering up my gloomy days, who put up with my busy schedule as a student, I owe you two holidays that we missed during the past three years. To my siblings, eight sisters and a brother, thank you for your support. To Haji Md Tahir Yassin and Hajjah Patimah Yaakop, thank you so much for being a supportive and understanding parent in laws. LATIFAH ABDUL LATIFF University of Malaya March 2016 viii
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