Active Unsupervised Texture Segmentation on a
Diffusion Based Feature Space
Mikaël Rousson, Thomas Brox, Rachid Deriche
To cite this version:
Mikaël Rousson, Thomas Brox, Rachid Deriche. Active Unsupervised Texture Segmentation
on a Diffusion Based Feature Space. RR-4695, INRIA. 2003.
HAL Id: inria-00071891
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071891
Submitted on 23 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Active Unsupervised Texture Segmentation on a
Diffusion Based Feature Space
Mikaël Rousson — Thomas Brox — Rachid Deriche
N° 4695
January 2003
ISSN 0249-6399
ISRN INRIA/RR--4695--FR+ENG
THÈME 3
apport
de recherche
!#"$%'&()'*+,-'.-'/*
0 1-'324*
5*+,6"$7*
8
9;:=<?>A@CB)DEGF,HIHJEGK4L,M$N,EGOP>AH!QSRIEUTVLWD!>YXZN,:\[;]7^_RJ:=XZN,^
`+acbedgfh!ikjml?nfeoqpsrentvuslPacusdwdgfJxydzpsrqa{t|lcfU}
t|dzpC~fZ€}‚{usl{lcƒZfZ€}crZusl{lpCtv€€qpClcrZfZ€
„ouC…fenS†S‚G‡G€€fZf
ˆSpC‰{‰usonŠ‚{f ofZracfeoracfl‹Œ?UŽUik‘?pClY’pCo‡P“U”U”Uh!i•“U”–‰pC~fZ€
—˜™Zš›_œ{šž jŸlVna{tv€zofe‰uson}¡ ¡f¢‰{ous‰uU€qfPp£lcu¤fe¥ pClc‚¦fJ§zretvfel?n¢pC‰{‰{oupsra©¨ªuso«psrent|¤f
’{lc€’{o‰feo¤Atv€fZ‚¢nfJ¬Gn’{of€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl®­°¯8t|o€n}{ ±f€acu ²acu³ ² ¡frpClPfJ¬GnoqpsrenSpw€dzpC¥|¥8€fen
uC¨c~uAuA‚$¨´fpCn’{ofZ€¨´usonfJ¬Gn’{of+€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl–µps€fZ‚7usl7nacf±€no’cren’{of±nfelc€usopClc‚lcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo
‚Gt·¶,’c€tvusl®­¸`+acfel®} ¡f
‰{ous‰,uU€f'pS¤UpCot=pCntvuslpC¥c¨ªoqpCdgfe ±uso¹wnapCn±pC¥|¥vu³ €ºnut|lcrZuso‰usoqpCnf°nacfZ€qf
¨´fpCn’{ofZ€t|lzpS¥vfe¤fe¥€qfenµps€fZ‚w’{lc€’{‰,feo¤Ytv€qfZ‚w€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl‰{ouYrZfZ€€)napCnºps‚cpC‰{nt|¤fe¥|‡7nqpC¹fZ€
t|lYnupsrZrZus’{lYn'nacfet|oŠfZ€nt|dzpCnfZ‚P€nqpCntv€ntvrpC¥8t|lG¨ªusodzpCntvusl»t|lc€tv‚{fpClc‚»us’{n€tv‚{f$nacfofe~Utvusl»nu
€qfe~Udgfel?n­)¼Šl{¥|t|¹f ¨´fpCn’{ofZ€'usµ{nqpCt|lcfZ‚¢µY‡½pCµuso+¾c¥|nfeo€}us’{oŠpC‰{‰{oupsra»lpCn’{oqpC¥|¥|‡«¥vfps‚{€'nu
p«€t|~Ul{t·¾rpClYn¥|‡£ofZ‚G’crZfZ‚¿l?’{d!µfeouC¨±¨ªfpCn’{ofwrqapCl{lcfe¥v€­w`+a?’c€³}Wnacfw€’{‰,feo¤Ytv€fZ‚À‰pConuC¨
p
nfJ¬Gn’{ofS€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslpC¥|~usot|na{d}A °acfeof'nacfSracustvrZf uC¨W~uAuY‚g¨ªfpCn’{ofSrapCl{lcfe¥v€¡aps€¡nuµ,f
¥vfpColcfZ‚zt|l«ps‚G¤UpClcrZfU}YrpClµfŠusdwt|nnfZ‚W}ApClc‚z ±fŠ~fen¡pCl«fJ§zretvfel?n+€us¥|’{ntvuslg¨´usoº’{lc€’{‰,feo¤Atv€fZ‚
nfJ¬Gn’{ofw€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl®­z`+acfzpsren’pC¥º€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslÁ‰{ouArZfZ€€$µps€qfZ‚¿usl¿nacfwlcfe ¨ªfpCn’{ofZ€
tv€–pCl¦psrent|¤f«pClc‚Vps‚cpC‰{nqpCnt|¤frZusl?nus’{owdguA‚{fe¥¡napCn–fZ€nt|dzpCnfZ€7‚G‡AlpCdwtvrpC¥|¥|‡Á‰{ousµpCµ{t|¥|t|nm‡
‚{felc€t|nŸ‡¨ª’{lcrentvuslc€St|lc€tv‚{fwpClc‚»us’{n€tv‚{f–pzofe~UtvuslÃpClc‚À‰{ouY‚G’crZfZ€S¤feo‡»rZuslY¤Yt|lcret|l{~¢ofZ€’{¥|n€­
jmn¡tv€+t|dw‰{¥vfedgfel?nfZ‚’c€t|l{~wp¨yps€n¡¥vfe¤fe¥®€fen+µps€fZ‚¢psrent|¤f$rZusl?nus’{o
nfZrqa{l{tvÄ?’cfpClc‚aps€+µ,fZfel
nfZ€nfZ‚7usl–¤UpCotvus’c€¸ofpC¥{nfJ¬An’{ofZ‚7t|dzpC~fZ€­¸`+acf+‰,feoŨªusodzpClcrZf°uC¨nacf+pC‰{‰{oupsrqagtv€¨ypZ¤usoqpCµ{¥|‡
rZusdw‰pCofZ‚Pnu–ofZrZfel?nS€n’c‚GtvfZ€­
ƐÇÈ,ÉÊ!Ë ›_̙žÎÍ fe¤fe¥8ÏAfen
`+acfZuso‡}{`fJ¬Gn’{ofÏAfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl®}а‚cpC‰{nqpCnt|¤fjmdzpC~f$ÏAfe~UdgfelGx
nqpCntvusl®}ъusl{¥|t|lcfpCo'ÒSt·¶,’c€tvusl®}ÏYno’cren’{of!`felc€uso­
Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis
2004, route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)
Téléphone : +33 4 92 38 77 77 — Télécopie : +33 4 92 38 77 65
$" %'&()'*+q-' * ²!-'/ ŸI&(*
%
S, Ÿ*'7 Ÿ 7!–1-'3!-'Iq *' –.))
! c!
™ ž Ò pClc€zrZfoqpC‰{‰uson}±lcus’c€g‰{ous‰,uU€uslc€w’{lcflcus’{¤fe¥|¥vfÀpC‰{‰{ouYrqacf¢‰us’{ow¥=pÀfe~sx
dgfelYnqpCntvusl¦psrent|¤f‚ t|dzpC~fZ€7nfJ¬Gn’{oƒZfZ€­`us’{n–‚ pCµ,uso‚W}8lcus’c€!‰{oƒZ€felYnuslc€!’{lcfdgƒenacuA‚{f
‚ fJ¬GnoqpsrentvuslV‚ ’{l;lcusd!µ{of«ofZ€nofet|l?nw‚{f«rZusdw‰uU€qpClYnfZ€7‰us’{o–rpCoqpsrenƒeotv€feo–¥ t|lG¨ªusodzpCntvusl
‚{f+nfJ¬Gn’{of+‰{oƒZ€felYnf
‚cpClc€¥ t|dzpC~f €fe~UdgfelYnfeo­ ¡f+‰{ouYrZfZ€q€’c€)fZ€n¸µps€ƒ°€’{o¥vf+nfelc€qfe’{o)‚{f
€no’cren’{offen°¥=p7‚Gt·¶’c€tvuslPlcuslGxy¥|t|lcƒpCt|ofU­ lc€’{t|nfU}clcus’c€°‰{ous‰uU€quslc€°’{lrps‚Gof ¤spCot=pCntvusl{lcfe¥
p_¾cl‚ t|lcrZuso‰,usofeo'rZfZ€°‚Gt·¶Wƒeofel?nfZ€ŠrpCoqpsrenƒeotv€t|ntvÄ?’cfZ€'‚cpClc€°’{l¢‰{ouYrZfZ€q€’c€°‚{f$€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl
ps‚cpC‰{nqpCnt·¨'fenlcusl;€’{‰,feo¤Ytv€qƒU}µps€ƒz€’{o¥vfZ€felc€qfedµ{¥vfZ€–‚{fwl{t|¤fpC’G¬W­ ¡uslYnoqpCt|ofedgfel?nzpC’G¬
pC‰{‰{ouAracfZ€g’{nt|¥|tv€qpCl?ng‚{fZ€7¾c¥|nofZ€g‚{f½$pCµ,uso–‰us’{owfJ¬GnoqpCt|of¥ t|lG¨ªusodzpCntvusl©nfJ¬An’{ofU}ºlcusnof
pC‰{‰{ouAracfw¨ªus’{ol{t|n$lpCn’{ofe¥|¥vfedgfelYn’{l¿lcusdµ{ofgoƒZ‚G’{t|n‚{fwrZusdw‰uU€qpClYnfZ€­–Ð't|lc€ty},¥=p«‰pContvf
€’{‰feo¤Atv€ƒZfS‰us’{o°¥=p–€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl»‚ t|dzpC~fZ€
nfJ¬An’{oƒZfZ€}u ¢¥vf$racust·¬¢‚{fZ€°µusl{lcfZ€°rpCoqpsrenƒJx
otv€ntvÄ?’cfZ€$fZ€n tv€€’£‚ ’{l£‰{ouArZfZ€€’c€$‚ pC‰{‰{ofelYntv€€qpC~fU}®‰,fe’{n enofwƒe¤At|nƒZf7fen lcus’c€usµ{nfelcuslc€
’{lcf°€qus¥|’{ntvuslzfJ§zrpsrZf
‰,us’{o’{lcf
€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvuslzlcuslGxŸ€’{‰,feo¤Ytv€qƒZf
‚ t|dzpC~fZ€)nfJ¬Gn’{oƒZfZ€­ °ps€ƒ
€’{orZfZ€lcus’{¤fe¥|¥vfZ€7rZusdw‰uU€qpClYnfZ€}8lcus’c€‰{ous‰,uU€uslc€’{lÉ{ouArZfZ€€’c€!‚{fg€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl psrent·¨
fenps‚cpC‰{nqpCnt·¨+u ¿¥vfZ€S‚{felc€t|nƒZ€$‚{f!‰{ousµpCµ{t|¥|t|nƒZ€ z¥ t|lYnƒeotvfe’{ofen"p !,¥ fJ¬Anƒeotvfe’{o‚G’¿rZusl?nus’{o
€qusl?n
fZ€nt|dgƒZfZ€
‚{f dzpCl{tvbeof‚G‡YlpCdwtvÄY’cfU­)ÑSus’c€+’{nt|¥|tv€uslc€°’{lcf nfZra{l{tvÄY’cf$oqpC‰{tv‚{f$µps€qƒZf$€’{o
¥vfZ€!felc€fedµ{¥vfZ€7‚{fwl{t|¤fpC’G¬Ã‰,us’{o¥=pdwtv€qfgfel;uAfe’{¤YofU­«„us’{o¾cl{t|o}8dgus’c€‰{oƒZ€felYnuslc€–‚{fZ€
oƒZ€’{¥|nqpCn€'‚{f ¤UpC¥|tv‚cpCntvusl»€’{o
‚Gt|¤feo€fZ€'t|dzpC~fZ€
oƒZfe¥|¥vfZ€
fen'lcus’c€°¥vfZ€'rZusdw‰pCouslc€SpZ¤fZr€’crZrZbZ€
–rZfe’G¬usµ{nfelY’c#€ 7‰pCont|o'‚ ƒen’c‚{fZ€ŠoƒZrZfel?nfZ€­
$ Ë š™ É & % ™©ž `+acƒZusotvfP‚{fZ€wrZus’{oµ,fZ€z‚{fl{t|¤fpC’G¬W}±€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl4‚ t|dzpC~fZ€znfJ¬An’{oƒZfZ€³}
€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslÀps‚cpC‰{nqpCnt|¤f!‚ t|dzpC~fZ€}c‚Gt·¶,’c€tvusllcuslGxy¥|t|lcƒpCt|ofU}nfelc€fe’{o'‚{f€no’cren’{ofU­
!" $#%'&!()*+-,!'././0,213 45"'./76,
)8 ,!" 9#!,:;
h
' -$–-Š
jml7ofZrZfel?nnt|dgf+t|n¸aps€µfZrZusdgf+¤feo‡!‰us‰{’{¥=pCo¸nuS’c€f¡‰{otvuso¸¹Ylcu³ °¥vfZ‚G~f°t|l–nacfº¾fe¥v‚–uC¨t|dzpC~f
€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl®­S`+acfeof!pCof!dzpCl?‡nfZrqa{l{tvÄ?’cfZ€S‰{ous‰,uU€fZ‚t|lÀnacf¥|t|nfeoqpCn’{ofU},€usdgf!uC¨)nacfed
t|lcre¥|’c‚Gt|l{~¿‰{otvuso€wusl nacf€apC‰,fuC¨SusµG…ÅfZren?€ >A@“G}GB} @DŽ CŸ})usnacfeo€}t|l nacf¾fe¥v‚ uC¨'nfJ¬Gn’{of
€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl®})’c€qfz¥vfpColcfZ‚ ‚{fZ€reot|‰{nt|¤fuso7~felcfeoqpCnt|¤fdguA‚{fe¥v€–uC¨'nfJ¬Gn’{ofZ€!t|l uso‚{feo–nu
ofenotvfe¤fnacfed ‚G’{ot|l{~wnacf€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvuslP‰{ouArZfZ€E€ >A@{F} @Dh CŸH­ G t|nalcuw‚{us’{µ{n°nacf$’c€qpC~f$uC¨
pC‰{‰{ous‰{ot=pCnfz‰{otvuso¹Alcu °¥vfZ‚G~fgtv€¤feo‡Àt|dw‰,usonqpCl?n¨ªuso$nacfpCµ{t|¥|t|nŸ‡¿nu¢‚{fpC¥) °t|naÁ‚Gt·§zre’{¥|n
t|dzpC~f«€rZfelcfZ€­ IŠu³ ±fe¤feo}nacfeoftv€!¤feo‡¿¨ªfe ±uso¹Á€qu¢¨ypCo!usl acu nuPusµ{nqpCt|l na{tv€!‰{otvuso
¹Alcu °¥vfZ‚G~f!pC’{nusdzpCntvrpC¥|¥|‡­+ÏAu7¨ypCo
€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl£pC¥|~usot|na{dg€
°t|na¢nacfpCµ{t|¥|t|nm‡nu–apClc‚G¥vf
‚Gt·§zre’{¥|n$t|dzpC~f–€rZfelcfZ€ lcfZfZ‚¿p«€’{‰,feo¤Ytv€qfZ‚»t|l{t|nt=pC¥|At J³pCntvusl;€nfe‰®} °acfeof–nacfe‡ÀpCof7nus¥v‚Ànacf
ot|~UaYnw€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslc€wuC¨SpPnoqpCt|l{t|l{~¿€fen–uC¨
t|dzpC~fZ€­£jŸn! ±us’{¥v‚ µ,fg‰{ofJ¨´feoqpCµ{¥vfnuÀfJ¬Gnoqpsren
nacf–‰{otvuso¹Ylcu³ °¥vfZ‚G~fzpC’{nusdzpCntvrpC¥|¥|‡£¨ ousd €t|dw‰{¥vfeo$t|dzpC~fg€rZfelcfZ€}Wt|lÃuso‚{feonu’c€f–t|n$t|l
€’crZrZfZfZ‚Gt|l{~€rZfelcfZ€¸napCn)pCof+dgusof¡‚Gt·§zre’{¥|nºnuS‚{fpC¥G °t|na®­¸`+a{tv€¸ofZÄY’{t|ofZ€ºpŠ‰u³ ±feoŨª’{¥{t|dzpC~f
€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslzdgfenacuA‚–napCn)‚{uAfZ€lcusn)‚{fe‰felc‚wuslw‰{otvusoº¹Ylcu³ °¥vfZ‚G~fU}µ{’{nºrpClwlcfe¤feonacfe¥vfZ€€
apClc‚G¥vf'nacf° °acus¥vf'€qfenºuC¨W‰uU€€t|µ{¥vf
usµG…ÅfZren€¡ps€)¥vusl{~!ps€ºnacf'€rZfelcf
tv€)lcusnº€‰,ust|¥vfZ‚wµY‡gre¥|’{nnfeo­
°ps€tvrpC¥|¥|‡ €’crqa4p£€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl4‰{ouYrZfZ€q€g€‰{¥|t|n€–t|l?nuÁnŸ ¡u¿‰pCon€ K¢`+acf¾co€nw‰pConztv€–nacf
psrZÄY’{tv€t|ntvuslzuC¨®€’{t|nqpCµ{¥vf
¨ªfpCn’{ofZ€ºnapCn±pCof
‰,u ¡feoŨ ’{¥felcus’{~Uaznu‚Gtv€qreot|dwt|lpCnf'ofe~Utvuslc€ºnapCn
pa?’{dzpClusµc€qfeo¤feo¡ ¡us’{¥v‚¢‚{fZ€reot|µ,f ps€+‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?n­)`+acf €fZrZuslc‚«‰pCon+dguA‚{fe¥v€±nacf €nqpCntv€ntvrZ€
uC¨¸nacfZ€fS¨´fpCn’{ofZ€ŠpClc‚€qfpCoracfZ€°¨´uso'p–€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl»napCn+¾cn€'µfZ€n+nuwna{tv€
dguY‚{fe¥y­
º€‰fZret=pC¥|¥|‡Àt|l¿nacfgpCofpuC¨±nfJ¬Gn’{ofg€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvuslÃnacf–¥|t|nfeoqpCn’{ofz‚{uAfZ€ lcusnpC~UofZfw€u«¨ypCo}
acu³ ps‚{fZÄY’pCnf'¨ªfpCn’{ofZ€+€acus’{¥v‚µfŠfJ¬AnoqpsrenfZ‚¨ªousd nacfŠt|dzpC~fUM­ L»uU€n¥|‡½$pCµuso±¾c¥|nfeo€+pCof
’c€qfZN‚ > Ž{O} @{},“U“{},P“ @*Cµ{’{nS¨´usoSfJ¬cpCdw‰{¥vfgpC¥v€unacf7‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€uCQ¨ L£pCo¹u¤£ˆŠpClc‚{usd(¯tvfe¥v‚{€
>SRC,pCof°Ä?’{t|nf°‰,us‰{’{¥=pCo­º½$pCµ,uso¸¾c¥|nfeo€)ap¤f°nacf
‚{fZretv€t|¤f
‚Goqp °µpsr¹gnapCnºnacfe‡!t|lc‚G’crZfSpS¥vusn
uC¨ofZ‚G’{lc‚cpClcre‡PpClc‚Pna?’c€Š¥vusn€'uC¨¸¨ªfpCn’{of!rapCl{lcfe¥v€­°`+a{tv€'tv€
lcusnS€uwd’crqa£pw‰{ousµ{¥vfed ¨´uso
€’{‰feo¤Atv€fZ‚¢€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl®},ps€
t|lna{tv€'rps€f€nqpCntv€ntvrZ€'rpClPµf$’c€qfZ‚¢nuwofZ‚G’crZf$nacf!‚Gt|dgfelGx
€tvuslÃuC¨º¨´fpCn’{ofw€‰psrZfU}®‡fen ¨´uso$’{lc€’{‰,feo¤Ytv€fZ‚£€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvuslÁt|n$tv€­–Њl¿t|l?nfeofZ€nt|l{~P ±uso¹
napCn'acfe¥|‰c€
nug€us¥|¤fna{tv€
‰{ousµ{¥vfed tv€'napCn'uC¨ ¡t|!~ T{lPfenŠpC¥y­ > :Œ CŸ­º`+acfe‡’c€fZ‚¢nacf€no’cren’{of
nfelc€quso't|lPuso‚{feoŠnuz‚Gtv€reot|dwt|lpCnf!µfenm ±fZfelÀnfJ¬An’{ofZ€³­¡`+acf7ps‚G¤spClYnqpC~f!uC¨nacfet|oŠdgfenacuY‚Ptv€
napCn°nacf$€no’cren’{of$nfelc€uso°‡Atvfe¥v‚{€°usl{¥|‡na{ofZfS¨´fpCn’{of$rapCl{lcfe¥v€
¨ªuso
fpsrqa€rpC¥vfUU­ ISu ±fe¤feo}
nacf½$pC’c€q€t=pCl«€dguYusna{t|l{~–’c€fZ‚¨´uso±nacf €no’cren’{ofSnfelc€uso°‚Gtv€¥vuArpCnfZ€¡nacfSfZ‚G~fZ€+t|l¨´fpCn’{of
€‰psrZf$¥vfps‚Gt|l{~znuwt|lpsrZre’{oqpCnf7€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl»ofZ€’{¥|n€³­ ¡ouZ¬»pClc?‚ GÃfetvrq¹feoVn > D C8‰{ous‰uU€fZ‚Àp
lcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo°€no’cren’{of nfelc€quso±µps€fZ‚usl«lcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo°dzpCnot·¬Yxy¤UpC¥|’cfZ‚‚Gt·¶’c€tvusl«napCn+tv€°pCµ{¥vfSnu
nqpsrq¹Y¥vf na{tv€
‰{ousµ{¥vfed­)в¤feo‡«€t|dwt|¥=pCo
us’{nrZusdgf$tv€'psrqa{tvfe¤fZ‚¢µ?‡«nacfpC‰{‰{oupsra»uC¨¤UpCl¢‚{fel
+uAusdw~?pUpCo‚¢pClc‚¤UpCl‚{Wf GÃfet …feXo > “C!Œ CŸ}A °acu7pC‰{‰{¥|tvfZ‚ousµ{’c€n+€nqpCntv€ntvrZ€+nu7usotvfel?nqpCntvusl»fZ€nt·x
dzpCntvusl®­+†Š’{oŠpC‰{‰{oupsraÀtv€°µps€fZ‚PuslnapCn
t|Yl > D CŸ}{‡fen' ±f$’c€f!p–µfennfeoSps‚cpC‰{nfZ‚‚Gt·¶’c€tvusl
nfZrqa{l{tvÄ?’cf–napCnpC¥v€uµ{ot|l{~€ ’c€Sµpsr¹»nu¤fZrenusoÅxy¤UpC¥|’cfZ‚¿‚Gt·¶,’c€tvusl®­ÏGpC~Ut|¤PfenpC¥yZ­ > P“ @CºpC¥v€u
pC‰{‰{¥|‡z¤fZrenusoÅxy¤spC¥|’cfZ‚¢„)Ò )€+t|l¢uso‚{feo+nu7€dguYusnanacfet|o±¨ªfpCn’{of rqapCl{lcfe¥v€U­ ISu ±fe¤feo}cnacfet|o
<
=
[\[^]!_P`*ab*c
Œ
./";./ 65. 1VP
¨´fpCn’{of7fJ¬Anoqpsrentvusl£dgfenacuA‚»µps€qfZ‚»uslÁ½$pCµ,uso'¾c¥|nfeo€Stv€ rZusdw‰{¥vfenfe¥|‡»‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?nS¨ªousd(us’{o€­
jml»ÏAfZrentvuslŒg ¡f$ °t|¥|¥®rZusdw‰pCofnacfnŸ ±upC‰{‰{oupsracfZ€ŠnugfpsraPusnacfeo­
†ŠlcrZf«nacfrZusoofZren7¨ªfpCn’{ofZ€wpCoffJ¬GnoqpsrenfZ‚W}±p»€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslV‰{ouArZfZ€€7napCngpsrZrZus’{l?n€–¨´uso
nacfZ€qf t|lG¨ªusodzpCntvuslc€'d’c€n
µ,f$‚{fJ¾clcfZ‚W­)ˆŠfZrZfel?n¥|‡}€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslPdgfenacuA‚{€°µps€fZ‚Pusl¢¥vfe¤fe¥
€qfen€pClc‚$¤UpCot=pCntvuslpC¥U¨ªusod!’{¥=pCntvuslc€ap¤f)µ,fZfel!pCµ{¥vfnu+t|lYnfe~UoqpCnf±‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?nre’cfZ€W¥|t|¹fµ,us’{lc‚Ax
pCo‡t|lG¨´usodzpCntvusNl >A@e!Œ CŸ}cofe~UtvuslPt|lG¨´usodzpCntvusl >A@D CpClc‚€apC‰,f$‰{otvus9o >A@“{}G} @DŽ CŸ­±`+acf’c€fuC¨
¥vfe¤fe¥+€fen!¨ ’{lcrentvuslc€7nu»ofe‰{ofZ€fel?nwfe¤us¥|¤At|l{~¿re’{o¤fZ€!~Ut|¤fZ€7dzpClY‡Á~uAuY‚Á‰{ous‰feontvfZ€7nu»nacf
€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl©‰{ouArZfZ€€ KnacfPre’{o¤f¢tv€wofe‰{ofZ€felYnfZ‚¦t|dw‰{¥|tvret|n¥|‡}¡nus‰us¥vus~UtvrpC¥SrapCl{~fZ€«pCof
,!",
‰uU€€t|µ{¥vfU}t|n$rpCl¿µ,f’c€qfZ‚»t|lÃpClY‡»‚Gt|dgfelc€tvuslÁpClc‚¿fJ§zretvfelYn$nfZra{l{tvÄY’cfZ€ ¨ªuso lY’Gx
dgfeotvrpC¥t|dw‰{¥vfedgfel?nqpCntvusl£fJ¬Atv€n­`+aY’c€}{ ¡f‚{fZretv‚{fZ‚nuw‚{fJ¾clcfp7dgfenacuA‚¢µps€fZ‚¢uslÀpsrent|¤f
rZuslYnus’{o€)’c€t|l{~nacf+¥vfe¤fe¥€fenofe‰{ofZ€felYnqpCntvusl®­±†Šlcf°¹fe‡7‰ust|lYnºuC¨,us’{odgfenacuA‚wtv€nacf+’{lc€’Gx
‰,feo¤Atv€fZ‚Pps€‰,fZren K¡nacft|lG¨´usodzpCntvusl»d!’c€nŠµ,f$t|lcrZuso‰,usoqpCnfZ‚Àt|lPnacf€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl£‰{ouYrZfZ€q€
°t|nacus’{nSps‚{‚Gt|l{~g‰pContvre’{¥=pCo'¹Alcu °¥vfZ‚G~fuslPnacf t|dzpC~fU­)¯cuso
na{tv€°‰{’{o‰,uU€fU}pClPps‚cpC‰{nqpCnt|¤f
pClc‚;psrent|¤f€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl;tv€‰{ous‰uU€qfZ‚W}®¨´us¥|¥vu °t|l{~Ànacfwtv‚{fpuC3¨ >A@
CŸ­«`+acfgdwt|l{t|dwAt J³pCntvusl
uC¨Šnacf‰{ous‰,uU€fZ‚ felcfeo~U‡ ~Ut|¤fZ€–nacfdzp_¬Gt|d’{d p»‰,uU€nfeotvusot°€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl©’{lc‚{feog€usdgf
aY‡Y‰,usnacfZ€fZ€° °a{tvrqa»rpClµ,f dzps‚{f$t|lus’{o'rps€qfU­
`+acf+ofedzpCt|lc‚{feo±uC¨na{tv€‰pC‰,feotv€uso~?pCl{At JfZ‚zps€¨´us¥|¥vu € KjŸlwnacf+lcfJ¬Gn€fZrentvuslw ±f'‚{feot|¤f°us’{o
¨´fpCn’{of«fJ¬Anoqpsrentvusl dgfenacuY‚Á¨ªousd nacf«€no’cren’{ofznfelc€quso–pClc‚;lcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo7‚Gt·¶,’c€tvusl®­£ÏAfZrJx
ntvusl hnacfel;‚{fpC¥v€ °t|naÁnacfzps‚cpC‰{nt|¤f€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl µps€fZ‚ÁuslÁnacfgfJ¬AnoqpsrenfZ‚èªfpCn’{ofZ€³­
jml£ÏAfZrentvusl£Œ« ±f–€acu³ €usdgf!ofZ€’{¥|n€$pClc‚ÀrZusdw‰pCof!nacfedÎnu‰{ofe¤Ytvus’c€pC‰{‰{oupsrqacfZ€­ `+acf
‰pC‰,feo°tv€
rZuslcre¥|’c‚{fZ‚Pµ?‡p7µ{otvfJ¨)€’{dwdzpCo‡­
¿S*
q-'
5*+,
†Š’{opC‰{‰{oupsranu°fJ¬Gnoqpsren®nacf¸¨´fpCn’{ofZ€Wtv€Wµps€qfZ‚usl$nacf)re¥=ps€€tvrpC¥ P B ./ > Œ} G}“U
 C
"!$#%'& (( - )) "+* , ( -)- + , * , .
/ @10
+
°acfeof(Štv€°p–½$pC’c€€t=pCl«¹feolcfe¥, °t|na€nqpClc‚cpCo‚«‚{fe¤At=pCntvusl3g2 pClc‚€’{µc€reot|‰{n€+‚{felcusnfS‰pCoÅx
nt=pC¥‚{feot|¤spCnt|¤fZ€­º†ŠµY¤Ytvus’c€¥|‡wnacf
€no’cren’{of
nfelc€qusoº‡Atvfe¥v‚{€)na{ofZf°¨´fpCn’{of
rqapCl{lcfe¥v€º¨´usoºfpsrqa
€qrpC¥vfU­VjŸlVuso‚{feognu£¹fZfe‰¦na{t|l{~€z€t|dw‰{¥vfU}º ¡f¢ °t|¥|¥'usl{¥|‡ rZuslc€tv‚{feoguslcf€rpC¥vft|lVna{tv€g‰p_x
‰,feo­)†Šlcf'rZus’{¥v‚zt|lcrZuso‰usoqpCnf'¨ ’{onacfeo¡€rpC¥vfZ€)µY‡zps‚{‚Gt|l{~–ps‚{‚Gt|ntvuslpC¥¨´fpCn’{of'rapCl{lcfe¥v€¡¤feo‡
fps€t|¥|‡­ ¡usdw‰pCot|l{~¢nacf7l?’{dµ,feouC¨)¨´fpCn’{ofZ€$usµ{nqpCt|lcfZ‚£µ?‡»nacf–€no’cren’{of–nfelc€uso nu«napCn
uC¨'½$pCµ,uso$¾c¥|nfeo€!ofe¤fpC¥v€napCnnacfz‚{fe~UofZfzuC¨+¨ ofZfZ‚{usd ¨ªusonacfzusotvfel?nqpCntvusl ¹Ylcu³ °lèªousd
½pCµuso¸¾c¥|nfeo€tv€)ofe‰{¥=psrZfZ‚wµ?‡–nacf°€dguAusnacfZ‚w¤feo€tvuslc€)uC¨,nacf+t|dzpC~f
‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤fZ€­jmn¸€acus’{¥v‚
µ,f¡lcusnfZ‚wnapCn)nacf+t|dzpC~f
‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤fZ€t|lcre¥|’c‚{f°nacf+ °acus¥vf'usotvfel?nqpCntvuslzt|lG¨´usodzpCntvusl®}A€uSnacf
rZusdw‰,uslcfel?n€¡uC¨Wnacf
€no’cren’{of'nfelc€uso±pCof'ps€º‰u³ ±feoŨª’{¥c¨´uso)nacf
‚Gtv€reot|dwt|lpCntvusluC¨,‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?n
45O[6487
!" $#%'&!()*+-,!'././0,213 45"'./76,
)8 ,!" 9#!,:;

nfJ¬Gn’{ofZ€'ps€'pw °acus¥vf€fen
uC¨º½$pCµuso+¾c¥|nfeo€
¨ªuso'p!¾{¬{fZ‚€rpC¥vfU­
`+acfdzp_…Åuso'‰{ousµ{¥vfedÎuC¨nacfre¥=ps€€tvr€no’cren’{ofnfelc€uso'tv€'nacf‚Gtv€¥vuArpCntvusl»uC¨)fZ‚G~fZ€Š‚G’cfnu
nacf$€dguYusna{t|l{~w °t|na»½$pC’c€q€t=pCl¹feolcfe¥v€­)`+a{tv€°¥vfps‚{€+nu–t|lpsrZre’{oqpCnf€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslPofZ€’{¥|n€
lcfpCo°ofe~UtvuslPµus’{lc‚cpCotvfZ€­º`+acf µps€tvr tv‚{fp7t|l > D C®nugps‚{‚GofZ€€+na{tv€°‰{ousµ{¥vfed6tv€+nacf ofe‰{¥=psrZfJx
dgfelYn!uC¨°nacf«½pC’c€€t=pClÁ€dguAusna{t|l{~PµY‡£lcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo7‚Gt·¶,’c€tvusl®­ GÃfg€ntvrq¹¿nu¢na{tv€tv‚{fpµ{’{n
fel{apClcrZfnacf$nfZra{l{tvÄY’cf$¨´uso°t|n€'pC‰{‰{¥|tvrpCntvuslPnugnfJ¬An’{of$€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl®­
ÑSusl{¥|t|lcfpCo ‚Gt·¶’c€tvuslÀtv€Šµps€fZ‚PuslÀnacf!fpCo¥|‡¢ ¡uso¹PuC¨º„feouslp«pClc‚ L£pC¥|t|¹ >A@RDCŸ­
`+acf!dzpCt|l
tv‚{fpÀtv€–nu£ofZ‚G’crZfnacf¢€dguYusna{t|l{~¿t|lVnacf«‰{ofZ€felcrZfuC¨ fZ‚G~fZ€­ `+acfofZ€’{¥|nt|l{~ÂGt·¶’c€tvusl
fZÄY’pCntvusltv€
‚Gt|¤ # #
/ “ 0
°t|na "#ºµ,fet|l{~gnacf t|dzpC~f pClc‚ pw‚{fZreofps€t|l{~g¨ ’{lcrentvusl®­
ÏAuS¨ypCona{tv€)fZÄY’pCntvuslzrpClgusl{¥|‡7µf+’c€fZ‚– °t|na€rpC¥=pCoÅxy¤spC¥|’cfZ‚z‚cpCnqpS¥|t|¹f'pS~UoqpZ‡7¤spC¥|’cf
t|dzpC~fU­
½$feot|~gfenŠpC¥y­ >A@D” C®t|l?nouA‚G’crZfZ‚»pw¤feo€tvuslPuC¨¸lcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo'‚Gt·¶’c€tvusl¢¨ªuso°¤fZrenusoÅxy¤UpC¥|’cfZ‚P‚cpCnqp
‚Gt|¤ & &
*. .
/ h0
°acfeof tv€$pCl£fe¤us¥|¤At|l{~¤fZrenuso$rapCl{lcfe¥ºpClc‚ 3nacf!nusnqpC¥lY’{dµ,feouC¨º¤fZrenuso$rapCl{lcfe¥v€­
ÑSusnfSnapCn°t|l¢na{tv€
pC‰{‰{oupsra»pC¥|¥®rqapCl{lcfe¥v€'pCof$rZus’{‰{¥vfZ‚µ?‡¢p'…Åust|lYn
‚Gt·¶’c€t|¤Yt|nm‡}c€uwpCl¢fZ‚G~f
t|luslcfrapCl{lcfe¥pC¥v€qu–t|l{a{t|µ{t|n€'€dguAusna{t|l{~gt|lnacf$usnacfeo€­
j٬
±fofe~?pCo‚ nacfrZusdw‰,uslcfel?n€guC¨Sp»dzpCnot·¬Vps€7rZusdw‰,uslcfel?n€zuC¨Sp»¤fZrenuso}) °apCn–tv€7ofp_x
€quslpCµ{¥vfU}°€t|lcrZf¢nacfP¯cousµfel{t|’c€lcusoduC¨p£dzpCnot·¬©fZÄY’pC¥v€gnacf ’cre¥|tv‚{fpCl4lcusod uC¨$nacf
ofZ€’{¥|nt|l{~g¤fZrenuso}{t|n°tv€°‰,uU€€t|µ{¥vf nuw‚Gt·¶,’c€fp7dzpCnot·¬W}c€’craÀps€°nacf$€no’cren’{of$nfelc€uso}c °t|na
nacfgpCµ,u¤fJxydgfelYntvuslcfZ‚ €racfedgfU­g`+a{tv€‡Ytvfe¥v‚{€!p«¤feo€tvuslÁuC¨
p«lcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo!€no’cren’{ofwnfelc€quso
napCn±tv€±pµ{t|n±‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?n±¨ ousdnapCnºdgfel?ntvuslcfZ‚«t|l > / CŸ­`+acf'dzpCnot·¬Yxy¤UpC¥|’cfZ‚«‚Gt·¶’c€tvuslt|lg¨ypsren
fZÄY’pC¥v€wpÀ€racfedgf‰{ous‰,uU€fZ‚ µ?‡ `€rqa?’{dw‰,feo¥vƒPpClc‚VÒ feotvracf > “UDh CŸ­ÃÑSusnf«napCnwpsrZrZuso‚Gt|l{~
nu GÃfetvrq¹feon7pClc‚ ¡ouZ¬ > “U
 C)nacfwrZus’{‰{¥|t|l{~PuC¨¡nacfgrapCl{lcfe¥v€!felc€’{ofZ€$nacf–‰{ofZ€feo¤UpCntvuslÁuC¨
€qfedwt|‰uU€t|nt|¤f‚{fJ¾cl{t|nfelcfZ€€­
Ð oqpCnacfeogreot|ntvrpC¥
tv€€’cf«tv€–nacfpC‰{‰{ous‰{ot=pCnf»racustvrZf¢uC¨ nacf¢‚Gt·¶’c€t|¤At|nŸ‡Á¨ ’{lcrentvusl ­ ¯uso
nacf!pC‰{‰{¥|tvrpCntvusl»nuwnfJ¬Gn’{of ¨´fpCn’{ofZ€ 5. > “U”{}“G} @D C8€fZfedg€
nuz€’{t|n°¤feo‡ ±fe¥|¥y}€t|lcrZf
t|n ofedgu³¤fZ€uU€ret|¥|¥=pCntvuslc€pClc‚£¥vfps‚{€nu‰{tvfZrZfe °tv€qfgrZuslc€nqpCl?n$ofZ€’{¥|n€­!`+a{tv€tv€ ¤feo‡Pt|dw‰,usoÅx
nqpClYn}µfZrpC’c€fznacf€no’cren’{ofgnfelc€uso7rZusl?nqpCt|lc€7¾co€n‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤fZ€}¸ °a{tvrqa;ap¤fz¤feo‡¿¥vuArpC¥
ofZ€‰uslc€fZ€³­º`+acf$nqps€¹¢uC¨¸nacf€dguAusna{t|l{~g‰{ouArZfZ€€
tv€Špsren’pC¥|¥|‡¢nugre¥vuU€f$nacf7pCofps€
µ,fenŸ ±fZfel
nacfZ€qf!¥vuArpC¥¸‰{acfelcusdgfelp °a{t|¥vf–‰{ofZ€feo¤At|l{~¢nacf–t|dw‰usonqpClYnfZ‚G~fZ€­7`+a{tv€ tv€$fJ¬{psren¥|‡» °apCn
` u ‚{uAfZ€­¯{’{onacfeodgusofU}Wt|n aps€ nacf7l{tvrZf7‰{ous‰feonm‡ÀuC¨±lcusnrpC’c€t|l{~pCl?‡Àps‚{‚Gt|ntvuslpC¥
#"%$
[\[^]!_P`*ab*c
!

./";./ 65. 1VP
‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€³­ºÏYt|lcrZfŠ` u ¥vfps‚{€±nul?’{dgfeotvrpC¥,‰{ousµ{¥vfedg€¡ °acfelznacf'~Uoqps‚Gtvfel?n+~fen€¡re¥vuU€f
nu Jfeou{}?t|ntv€)lcfZrZfZ€€qpCo‡nu$ret|ore’{d!¤fel?n±na{tv€)rps€fU­`+a{tv€tv€¸dguU€n¥|‡!‚{uslcf
µ?‡7ps‚{‚Gt|l{~7pŠ€dzpC¥|¥
‰,uU€t|nt|¤f$rZuslc€nqpClYn nu–nacf$~Uoqps‚Gtvfel?nŠdzpC~Ul{t|n’c‚{fU­
# / "Π0
GÃf ‚{fe¤At=pCnf$p¥|t|nn¥vfS¨ªousd nacf$psren’pC¥,€no’cren’{of nfelc€uso+µ?‡«ps‚{‚Gt|l{~wnacfSt|dzpC~f ~Uoqp‡z¤UpC¥|’cfU}
°a{tvrqaPtv€
rZfeonqpCt|l{¥|‡p–¤feo‡«t|dw‰,usonqpCl?n
¨´fpCn’{ofU}cnu–nacf$¨ªfpCn’{of$¤fZrenuso­±¯{’{onacfeodgusofU}nacf
rqapCl{lcfe¥®µps€fZ‚¢usl + ,!pC‰{‰,fpCo€°usl{¥|‡«uslcrZfpClc‚lcusn'nŸ °tvrZfU}{¥|t|¹f t|l¢nacf$€no’cren’{of nfelc€quso­
ISu ¡fe¤feo}lcusnfgnapCn}pC¥|nacus’{~UaÁt|n€qfZfedg€!ps€t·¨°t|n€t|lG¨ªusodzpCntvusl ¡ps€7pC¥|ofps‚G‡¿‰{ofZ€fel?n7t|l
nacf«usnacfeo7nŸ ±u£rqapCl{lcfe¥v€7uC¨
nacf«€no’cren’{ofnfelc€uso}¸t|n–rZus’{¥v‚Álcusn7µfzlcfe~U¥vfZrenfZ‚W}µ,fZrpC’c€f
nacf7€t|~Ul» ¡ps€S¥vuU€nSµ?‡P€ÄY’pCot|l{~znacf7‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤fZ€­ ÏAu{}na{tv€SrapCl{lcfe¥tv€Š¤feo‡¢t|dw‰usonqpClYn$nu
felc€’{of$ousnqpCntvuslt|l?¤UpCot=pClcrZfU­
¯t|lpC¥|¥|‡}us’{o'¨´fpCn’{ofZ€ pCofrZusdw‰{’{nfZ‚Àµ?‡PpC‰{‰{¥|‡At|l{~ ºÄ­ hg °t|na»t|l{t|nt=pC¥¸rZuslc‚Gt|ntvuslc€ }
"* } ", * } ,–pClc‚¢nacf$‚Gt·¶,’c€t|¤Yt|nm‡«¨ ’{lcrentvusl #% ­
¯us* oºt|dw+ ‰{¥vfedg fel?nqpCntvusl¢ ¡fŠpC+ ‰{‰{¥|‡wnacfŠÐ'†$Ïw€rqacfedgfU}Y‰{ous‰,uU€fZ‚zt|l > :“ RDCŸ}napCn+pC¥|¥vu €+fJ§zretvfel?n
rZusdw‰{’{nqpCntvusl uC¨` u pC¥v€uÁ¨ªuso€dzpC¥|¥ ­ ¯cuso t|l nacf¿pCofpÁuC¨–”G­ ”UP” @U}
°acfeof»nacf
pC‰{‰{ou¬At|dzpCntvusl uC¨!` u (tv€«d!’craµ,fennfeo«napCl ¨´uso¥=pCo~feo rpC’c€t|l{~ ¥vfZ€q€µ{¥|’{oot|l{~
fJ¶WfZren€}Unacf°Ð'†$Ïw€racfedgf°tv€)pCous’{lc‚gŒuso‚{feo€)uC¨,dzpC~Ul{t|n’c‚{f+¨´ps€nfe onapClp €t|dw‰{¥vf°fJ¬G‰{¥|tvret|n
€qracfedgfU­
!*'
%'&()'*°-'
7*
/-'. Z*+,
#"
$
#"
$
#"
$
!"$#%&('")+*-,%&!".#
jml7na{tv€)pContvre¥vfU} ±f+ofZ€notvren¸us’{o)€n’c‚G‡nu nacf+rps€f+uC¨nacf+€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslzt|l?nu nŸ ¡u$nfJ¬Gn’{ofZ‚
ofe~Utvuslc€³­°ps€tvrpC¥|¥|‡}Ct|nt|lcre¥|’c‚{fZ€pC¥|¥Ynacfºt|dzpC~fZ€8 °acfeof±usl{¥|‡uslcf±usµG…ÅfZrentv€®nu'µf±€fe~Udgfel?nfZ‚W­
¯us¥|¥vu °t|l{7~ >A@
 CŸ}AnacfSt|dzpC~f €fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslPrpCl«µ,f'¨´us’{lc‚µ?‡zdzp_¬Gt|dwAt JZt|l{~wnacf ,WP.
* ./
‰pCont|ntvusl{t|l{~$‰{ousµpCµ{t|¥|t|nm(‡ / 102# #® °acfeo3f 02# 5462 7 2 *98 tv€p'‰pCont|ntvuslguC¨cnacf¡t|dzpC~f
‚{usdzpCt|:l 2$­¦jmlc€nfps‚¦uC¨ nacfPusot|~Ut|lpC¥Št|dzpC~f }¡ ±f’c€f¢nacf¢¤fZrenusoÅxy¤UpC¥|’cfZ‚©t|dzpC~f ;7<=<=<=7 > #wusµ{nqpCt|lcfZ‚ µ?‡4€dguYusna{t|l{
~ 7 + * 7 , * 7 + , #7 °t|na )Ä­ hG­ jŸnaps€«µfZfel€acu³ °l
t|l >A@
 C napCn¢€’cra²pCl us‰{nt|dwAt J³pCntvusl tv€fZÄ?’{t|¤UpC¥vfel?n¢nu pClfelcfeo~U‡©dwt|l{t|dwAt J³pCntvusl®­`® ±u
aY‡Y‰,usnacfZ€fZ€d!’c€nµf»dzps‚{!f K pC¥|¥ nacf»‰pCont|ntvuslc€PpCof£fZÄ?’pC¥|¥|‡4‰uU€q€t|µ{¥vfÀpClc‚ nacfÀ‰{t·¬{fe¥v€
°t|na{t|l fpsra ofe~Utvusl pCofzt|lc‚{fe‰felc‚{felYn­ Í fe(n / 1?6# #$pClc@‚ / * 1? # # µ,fgnacfg‰{ousµpCµ{t|¥|t|nm‡
‚{felc€t|nŸ‡«¨ ’{lcrentvuslc€
¨ªuso'nacf$¤spC¥|’cf 1? #±nuwµft|Al 2 pClcA‚ 2 ofZ€‰,fZrent|¤fe¥|‡­ Í fen 2µ,f nacf
µ,us’{lc‚cpCo‡ µfenm ±fZfeBl 2 pClcC‚ 2 * }nacf¢€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl4rpClV* µ,f¨ªus’{lc‚ µY‡;dwt|l{t|dwAt JZt|l{~Ánacf
45O[6487
!" $#%'&!()*+-,!'././0,213 45"'./76,
)8 ,!" 9#!,:;
¨´us¥|¥vu °t|l{~felcfeo~U‡ K
2
* # )/ 1?6# # ?
$/ * 1?6# # ?
2
;7
R
/ 0
+` acf!dzpCt|l¿rapC¥|¥vfel{~fZ€pCof!nu‚{fJ¾clcfwpw¨ypCdwt|¥|‡PuC¨º‰,‚A¨)nuzdguA‚{fe¥|tAJf–fpsra¿ofe~Utvusl£napCn rpCl
µ,fw~felcfeoqpC¥+felcus’{~UaÁnu»rpC‰{n’{ofp¢ °tv‚{fzoqpCl{~fzuC¨°t|dzpC~fZ€–pClc‚Ãnu¢¾clc‚Ánacfgdwt|l{t|d!’{d uC¨
nacfÀfelcfeo~U‡­ ÐS€z ¡f» °t|¥|¥$€fZfU}
nuYu;dzpCl?‡¦‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€t|l4nacf»‰‚A¨–pC‰{‰{ouZ¬Gt|dzpCntvusl rpCl
noqpC‰»us’{o
¤spCot=pCntvuslpC¥pC‰{‰{oupsraÀt|l¢¥vuYrpC¥®dwt|l{t|dzpG­±`+a{tv€° °t|¥|¥®‰{’c€aP’c€°nuw’c€fpw€t|dw‰{¥|t·¾fZ‚
dguA‚{fe¥|At J³pCntvusl®­
, #3 !" * !
"$# ") &
& "!$#&%'! #3#$# &(
¯t|o€n}®p«~felcfeoqpC¥±½pC’c€€t=pClÁpC‰{‰{ouZ¬Gt|dzpCntvuslÁtv€ ’c€qfZ‚»nudguA‚{fe¥nacf–t|lG¨´usodzpCntvusl£¨ªusofpsrqa
ofe~UtvuslP¨ªuso'pC¥|¥nacf$¨´us’{o'rapCl{lcfe¥v€­°ÏYt|lcrZfnacft|dzpC~f tv€'¤fZrenusoÅxy¤spC¥|’cfZ‚W} ±fapZ¤fnuz‚{fpC¥
°t|na¿rZu³¤spCot=pClcrZfwdzpCnotvrZfZ€³­ Í fen 4*) 7,+ 8 pClc‚ 4*) * 7,+ *98 µ,f!nacf7¤fZrenuso€ dgfpClc€7pClc‚Ànacf
rZu³¤spCot=pClcrZf dzpCnotvrZfZ€°uC¨8nacf'~?pC’c€€t=pCl¢pC‰{‰{ou¬At|dzpCntvusl¢t|l 2 pClc‚ 2 * ­`+acfS‰{ousµpCµ{t|¥|t|nm‡«uC¨
1? #ºnu–µ,f t|Al 2 tv€ K
6 5875 +:9 9>=?A@ 5705 +:9 9
/ 1?6# # /  0
.-0/ # * + (1 *324
43;0< < 43;:<
`+acfeofJ¨´usofU})nacf¤fZrenuso€ dgfpCl4pClc‚VrZusl?¤UpCot=pClcrZf¢dzpCnot·¬VuC¨SfpsraVofe~Utvusl©pCofps‚{‚Gt|ntvuslpC¥
’{l{¹u³ °lP‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€'napCn
d’c€n'µf t|lYnouY‚G’crZfZ‚Pt|lnacf$felcfeo~U‡ /  0J­
+fJ¨´usof7dwt|l{t|dwAt JZt|l{~na{tv€$felcfeo~U‡}W ±f–t|lYnouY‚G’crZf–nacf–¥vfe¤fe¥)€qfenŠofe‰{ofZ€felYnqpCntvusl®­–`+acf–¥vfe¤fe¥
€qfen+¨ ’{lcrentvuslCBPtv€
‚{fJ¾clcfZ‚Àps€ K
D B 1?6#%FE 1? 7 2# 7 t·¨ ?@G 2
/R 0
B 1?6#%HE 1? 7 2# 7 t·¨ ?@G 2 *
¯c’{onacfeodgusofU}c¥vfenJILK NM #±pClc‚POQK NM #)µ,f ofe~U’{¥=pCoAt JfZ‚¤feo€tvuslc€
uC¨nacEf IŠfp¤Ytv€tv‚{fpClc‚¢ÒSt|oqpsr
¨ª’{lcrentvuslc€­`+acfel®},nacf–felcfeo~U‡ /  0'rpCl£µ,fdwt|l{t|dwAt JfZ‚£ °t|na¿ofZ€‰fZrenSnu«nacf! °acus¥vfw€qfenSuC¨
‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€ 4 2 7 ) ;7 ) * 7,+ 7,+ *98 ’c€t|l{~nacf–¨´us¥|¥vu °t|l{~»fe¤us¥|’{ntvusl;fZÄY’pCntvusl / €fZ?f >A@
C¨´uso
‚{fenqpCt|¥v€ 0K
B 1? #%RO K .B 1? # # (
$ / 1? # #ST
) / * 1?6# # #
/ 0
°a{t|¥vfnacf!½$pC’c€€t=pCl¢‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€SpCof$’{‰,‚cpCnfZ‚PpCn'fpsraPt|nfeoqpCntvusl¨´us¥|¥vu °t|l{~K
U ) .B #%WV 1?6#.X ? V X ! ?
/ Ž 0
+ .B #% V Y) 1?6# # Y) 1?6# #NZ[X ? V X !?
[\[^]!_P`*ab*c
./";./ 65. 1VP
° t|na U XX NNMM #%#% IL TK NM I # K NM #
*
Ð ofe~U’{¥=pCotAJ³pCntvuslrZuslc€noqpCt|l?n
uslnacfS¥vfel{~Una¢uC¨ 2 rpCl«µ,f ps‚{‚{fZ‚W}A‡Atvfe¥v‚Gt|l{~–nacf'¨´us¥|¥vu °t|l{~
¾clpC¥8fe¤us¥|’{ntvuslPfZÄ?’pCntvuslP¨ªuso \B K
B 1? #%WOQK .B 1? # # ‚Gt|¤ LB LB #
@”0
)/ 1?6# #S $/ 1?6# # #
*
/
¡uslc€tv‚{feot|l{~g¨ª’{¥|¥rZu¤UpCot=pClcrZfdzpCnotvrZfZ€Š¥vfps‚{€
nug¥vusn€'uC¨’{l{¹Ylcu³ °lP‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€­+`+a{tv€ŠrpCl
ofZ€’{¥|nt|lÃd’{¥|nt|‰{¥vf¥vuArpC¥)dwt|l{t|dzpPpClc‚¿dzpC¹fZ€!nacfgfelcfeo~U‡£dwt|l{t|dwtAJ³pCntvusl Ä?’{t|nfg‚Gt·§zre’{¥|n­
ÏY’crqapS€t|n’pCntvuslgtv€€acu³ °lgt|lg¯t|~U’{oEf @pS °acfeof°nacf°re’{o¤f°€nus‰c€¸µ,fJ¨ªusof°rpC‰{n’{ot|l{~!uslcf+¥vfe~
uC¨Wnacf Jfeµ{oqpG­jy¨, ±f'¨ ’{onacfeo+pClpC¥|‡A€qf°nacf'rqapCl{lcfe¥v€¡‚{fe‰{tvrenfZ‚zt|l¯t|~U’{ofŠ“G}Y ±fŠrpCl€fZf
napCn
nacfgt|lG¨ªusodzpCntvusl;t|lcre¥|’c‚{fZ‚Ãt|lÁfpsrqa;rapCl{lcfe¥±tv€$lcusnnapCnd’cra rZusoofe¥=pCnfZ‚W­ÏAu{}®dzpC¹At|l{~
nacf7aY‡Y‰,usnacfZ€tv€ napCn nacf–rapCl{lcfe¥v€pCof7lcusn$rZusoofe¥=pCnfZ‚W}Wnacf7‰‚A.¨ / 1? # #°¨´uso 4 7 - 8
rpClPµf$fZ€nt|dzpCnfZ‚’c€t|l{~wnacf+…ust|l?n'‚{felc€t|nm‡‰{ousµpCµ{t|¥|t|nŸ‡uC¨fpsraPrZusdw‰,uslcfel?nK
/ 1? # # /
/ @!@10
1? # #
`+a{tv€
tv€°fZÄ?’{t|¤UpC¥vfel?n
nuwrZuslc€tv‚{feo'p–‚Gt=pC~uslpC¥rZu¤UpCot=pClcrZf$dzpCnot·¬WM­ G4t|na¢na{tv€+lcfe ²pC‰{‰{ou¬At·x
dzpCntvuslÀnacffelcfeo~U‡Paps€Šusl{¥|‡ g’{l{¹Ylcu³ °l£€nqpCntv€ntvrpC¥‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€S¨´uso'fpsra£ofe~Utvusl / Œg¨´uso
nacf!¤fZrenuso€ dgfpClÃpClc‚»Œg¨´usoŠnacf7rZu¤UpCot=pClcrZf7dzpCnot·¬ 0
t|lc€nfps‚ÀuCW¨ @eŒz °acfelÃp–¨ª’{¥|¥¸rZu¤UpCot·x
pClcrZf–dzpCnot·¬£tv€ rZuslc€tv‚{feofZ‚W2­ IŠfelcrZfU}® ±fwusµ{nqpCt|l¿nacf7¨ypZ¤usofZ‚¿ofZ€’{¥|nps€$€acu³ °l¿t|lït|~U’{of
@eµ®­
¯8t|~U’{of
@!K
/ p0
¡ˆ'fZ€’{¥|n° °t|na¨ ’{¥|¥ + ­ / µ 0±ˆŠfZ€’{¥|n° °t|naP‚Gt=pC~uslpC¥ + ­
45O[6487
!" $#%'&!()*+-,!'././0,213 45"'./76,
)8 ,!" 9#!,:;
¯t|~U’{of“PK ¯fpCn’{ofrapCl{lcfe¥v€
7<=<=7 Ž
­
# .% %!" * "$#W ")
>
`+acf«½$pC’c€€t=pClÁpC‰{‰{ou¬At|dzpCntvusl;¨ªuso$nacfw¾co€nrapCl{lcfe¥y}8 °a{tvra rZusoofZ€‰uslc‚{€nu¢€dguAusnacfZ‚
¤feo€tvusluC¨nacfS~UoqpZ‡z¤UpC¥|’cfSt|dzpC~f / €fZfSnacfŠ¾co€n¡¨ªfpCn’{of t|l¢¯t|~U’{of$“0º‚{uAfZ€¡lcusn
€fZfed nu
€’{t|n
¤feo‡ ¡fe¥|¥y­+ÏAuw¨ªuso
na{tv€'rapCl{lcfe¥y},pClPfZ€nt|dzpCntvusl»uC¨¸nacf$‰,‚A¨µps€fZ‚uslnacf$a{tv€nus~UoqpCd
€acus’{¥v‚Pµ,f‰{ofJ¨´feoofZ‚W­ÏYt|lcrZf7 ±f7dzpC¹f7nacfwps€€’{dw‰{ntvusl£napCn$‚Gt·¶,feofelYn rqapCl{lcfe¥v€pCof!lcusn
rZusoofe¥=pCnfZ‚W}nacf‰,‚A¨t|l»fpsra»rqapCl{lcfe¥rpClPµf$fZ€nt|dzpCnfZ‚P’c€t|l{~z‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?n$pC‰{‰{oupsracfZ€­¡ÐS€
t|l >A@!@*CŸ}º ¡f‰{ous‰,uU€f¢nuÁ’c€fPp¿rZuslYnt|lcus’c€z¤feo€tvusl uC¨Snacf»„pCo Jfel ‚{felc€t|nm‡;¨´usognacf¾co€n
rqapCl{lcfe¥y­º`+acf$‰{ousµpCµ{t|¥|t|nm‡uC¨ 1? #ºnuwµ,f t|@l 2 tv€°~Ut|¤felµY‡ K
/
1? # #% 2 1?6# ?6
# # ? @“ 0
/
< °acfeofnacf!½$pC’c€€t=pCl¢¹feolcfe¥tv€ NM # * 2 4 ¼S€t|l{~!nacf'€apC‰,f'‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤f'nuAus¥t|l > Dh CŸ}Y ±fŠlcu ‚Gt·¶,feofelcret=pCnfSnacf°¨´us¥|¥vu °t|l{~7¨ª’{lcrentvuslpC-¥ K
2 #%W 2 1?6# ?6
# # ?
! ?
/ @h 0
<
<
"$# ! *
#
[\[^]!_P`*ab*c
@”
./";./ 65. 1VP
`+acf€apC‰f$‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤fuC¨¸na{tv€+¨ª’{lcrentvuslpC¥ / €fZfpCl{lcfJ¬PpClc‚ > h CW¨´uso
‚{fenqpCt|¥v€ 0¡tv€K
!#"%$'& (*)#*+,(
- . /$ . /1032547698A 4;8C:=B <?43>%:D@ 65< 8343:@ << E1+%F GH?JI KL ENM *+,
¼S€t|l{~wnacf$¥vfe¤fe¥8€fen°ofe‰{ofZ€fel?nqpCntvusl®}t|n
~Ut|¤fZ€°’c€'pwlcfe fe¤us¥|’{ntvusl»fZÄY’pCntvusl¢¨ªuso B\K
O(PRQNS
TU +V1XWY' T Z
[]\^ ?_ Ta`cb _ Tdb -fg e ! "" h && k$ **)#)#**+,+,(( G
hji $ h
l
'
m
n
o
D
p
r
q
D
p
3
s
=
t
u
C
v
r
w
x
- WYy T . $ 8 . z Yj T 0 2 4;6A 88 B478 :4;<?65>{43:D6@ <8 < 43:=@ <r< E1+ F  €
O(PŽ!S
. %$ | . (}~ z Yy T 3 0 2 4;6A 88 B47| :4;<?65>{43:6@ <8 < 43:=@ <r< E1+ F G ‚„€ ƒC…y…y† ‡7† ˆC‰yƒCŠj‡7‹Œ;
°a{t|¥vf½$pC’c€q€t=pCl‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€¡¨´uso¡nacfSrqapCl{lcfe¥v€ * 7 pClc‚ > pCof'’{‰,‚cpCnfZ‚¢pCn+fpsrqat|nfeoqp_x
ntvusl«psrZrZuso‚Gt|l{~nu / Ž0J­jmlwna{tv€)lcfe ©fe¤us¥|’{ntvusl«fZÄ?’pCntvuslpClps‚{‚Gt|ntvuslpC¥nfeod pC‰{‰fpCo€±‚G’cf
nu«nacf!¾co€n rapCl{lcfe¥y­7ˆ'fe~?pCo‚Gt|l{~nacf–usnacfeo$nfeodg€$uC¨ºnacf–fZÄ?’pCntvusl®}®nacfe‡»pCof7nacfw€qpCdgf
ps€Šnacf7uslcfZ€Šusµ{nqpCt|lcfZ‚À °t|naÀ~?pC’c€€t=pCl¿pC‰{‰{ouZ¬Gt|dzpCntvusl»¨´usoSpC¥|¥¸rapCl{lcfe¥v€ °acfel¿pg‚Gt=pC~uslpC¥
Zr u³¤spCot=pClcrZfdzpCnot·¬¢tv€°rZuslc€tv‚{feofZ‚W­
¡‡’c€t|l{~na{tv€
lcuslGxy‰pCoqpCdgfenotvr7ofe‰{ofZ€fel?nqpCntvusl£nuzpC‰{‰{ou¬At|dzpCnf7nacf¾co€n'rapCl{lcfe¥t|lG¨´usoÅx
dzpCntvusl®}?fJ¬A‰,feot|dgfel?nqpC¥cofZ€’{¥|n€)pCof±t|dw‰{ou³¤fZ‚zpŠ¥vusn}?ps€rpCl–µf+€fZfel–t|lw¯t|~U’{of
hG­8аren’pC¥|¥|‡}
nacfg‰pCoqpCdgfenotvrfZ€nt|dzpCntvuslÁ¨ªuso$nacf€no’cren’{ofgrqapCl{lcfe¥v€tv€¤feo‡Àousµ{’c€n!pClc‚à °acfelÃt|ntv€
rZusd!µ{t|lcfZ‚g °t|na~UoqpZ‡–¥vfe¤fe¥ct|lG¨´usodzpCntvusl®}?nacf°dgfenacuA‚grpClz‚{fpC¥ °t|na«pSd’crqaz¥=pCo~feo±oqpCl{~f
uC¨¸t|dzpC~fZ€}{t|l¢‰pContvre’{¥=pCoŠ °t|na¥vu +xynfJ¬Gn’{ofZ‚t|dzpC~fZ€³­
r
9*F3 &N# * # #$ !"$# "# * c‘ `8u«t|dw‰{¥vfedgfel?nnacfwfe¤us¥|’{ntvuslÃfZÄY’pCntvusl / @ 0J}W ±f7’c€fZ‚¿pCl¿fJ¬A‰{¥|tvret|n€qracfedgf–t|l£nt|dgfwpClc‚
nacf7re’{o¤UpCn’{of +ps€SfZ€nt|dzpCnfZ‚»’c€t|l{~nacf7re¥=ps€€tvrpC¥¸rZfel?nfeofZ‚»¾cl{t|nf–‚Gt·¶,feofelcrZfU­S`+acf!¥vfe¤fe¥
€qfen' ¡ps€S’{‰,‚cpCnfZ‚£usl{¥|‡¢t|l£p€dzpC¥|¥lpCoou µpClc‚ÀpCous’{lc‚Àt|nW€ JfeoureouU€€t|l{~c­'Фfeo‡Pnt|l?‡
lpCoou³ #µpClc‚©tv€z€’G§zretvfelYn / ¡fP’c€qfZ‚4p£ °tv‚Gna uC)¨ @“ 0w€t|lcrZf»usl{¥|‡ ¥vuArpC¥'t|lG¨´usodzpCntvusl tv€
t|dw‰,usonqpCl?n­;`+acfeofJ¨ªusofU})nacf«€At Jf«uC¨Šnacfpsrent|¤fpCofp» +ps€–ofe¥=pCnt|¤fe¥|‡;€dzpC¥|¥y}ºpClc‚ t|n7 ¡ps€
‰,uU€€t|µ{¥vf+nu ofet|l{t|nt=pC¥|At Jf'nacf°¥vfe¤fe¥€fen¸¨ª’{lcrentvuslgnu$nacf°‚Gtv€nqpClcrZf+¨ ’{lcrentvusl«pCnºfpsragt|nfeoqpCntvusl
t|lofps€uslpCµ{¥vf
nt|dgfUH­ GÃf'’c€fZ‚gnacf'ofet|l{t|nt=pC¥|At J³pCntvusldgfenacuY‚‚{fZ€reot|µfZ‚zt|l >A@C °a{tvrqa¥|t|dwt|n€
nacf‚Gtv€‰{¥=psrZfedgfel?n€$uC¨nacEf Jfeouz¥vfe¤fe¥y­¡¯usoSpC¥|¥nacffJ¬{pCdw‰{¥vfZ€S€acu °l»t|lPnacflcfJ¬An'€qfZrentvusl®}
nacf!€qpCdgf$t|l{t|nt=pC¥|At J³pCntvusl¿pClc‚nacf!€qpCdgf‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€Š ±feof!’c€fZ‚W­°ÏYdzpC¥|¥8ret|ore¥vfZ€Š ±feof!’c€fZ‚
ps€St|l{t|nt=pC¥|At J³pCntvuslõ,fZrpC’c€f–fe¤fel£t·¨ºnacfwpsrent|¤f7ofe~UtvuslÃrZu¤feo€pC¥|dguU€n nacf7 °acus¥vf7t|dzpC~fgpCn
45O[6487
!" $#%'&!()*+-,!'././0,213 45"'./76,
)8 ,!" 9#!,:;
@!@
¯t|~U’{of¢hPK / p0 «ˆŠfZ€’{¥|n! °t|na©½$pC’c€q€t=pCl pC‰{‰{ou¬At|dzpCntvusl¦¨ªuso–fpsraVrapCl{lcfe¥y­ / µ 0
±ˆ'fZ€’{¥|n° °t|nalcuslGxy‰pCoqpCdgfenotvr!pC‰{‰{ou¬At|dzpCntvusl»¨ªuso°nacf @Z€n
rapCl{lcfe¥y­
nacf«µ,fe~Ut|l{l{t|l{~c})nacf¾clpC¥
€us¥|’{ntvusl tv€–ofpsracfZ‚¦p_¨ªnfeowusl{¥|‡Ã¨´fe t|nfeoqpCntvuslc€ / ¥vfZ€€7napCl¦hU”
t|nfeoqpCntvuslc€wpCofzdguU€n¥|‡¿felcus’{~Ua 0J­ ¡’{nusnacfeo7t|l{t|nt=pC¥|tAJ³pCntvuslc€–apZ¤fpC¥v€quµ,fZfelÁnfZ€nfZ‚ pClc‚
nacf+dgfenacuA‚g€fZfedg€)¤feo‡!ousµ{’c€nµY‡!~Ut|¤At|l{~nacf°€qpCdgf
ofZ€’{¥|n °t|nag‚Gt·¶,feofelYnºt|l{t|nt=pC¥|tAJ³pCntvuslc€­
ˆŠfZ€’{¥|n€¡¨ªousd ‚Gt·¶,feofelYn
t|l{t|nt=pC¥|At J³pCntvuslc€$pCof$€acu °lPt|lP¯t|~U’{o)f @”G­
` ±u‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€ºd!’c€nºµ,f°€fen}nacf
ofe~U’{¥=pCoAt J³pCntvusl ¡fet|~Ua?n pClc‚wnacf
‰pCo Jfelz °t|lc‚{u €At Jf
} ¡f7€qfenŠt|n uslcrZfwpClc‚¨´uso pC¥|-¥ K pClc‚ ­ GÃf ¡feof–pCµ{¥vf7nu~fen ~uYuA‚PofZ€’{¥|n€
uslPpw °tv‚{f$oqpCl{~fuC¨¸nfJ¬An’{ofZ‚¢t|dz pC~fZ€'< °t|na¢nacfZ€f$‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€­
ÏYt|lcrZf! ±f’c€f!pCl£fJ¬G‰{¥|tvret|nŠ€rqacfedgf7pClc‚À€upz€dzpC¥|¥nt|dgfZ€nfe‰®}nacf7€fZrZuslc‚Puso‚{feoSnfeodg€St|l
/nqpC@¹ fZ0€pCpCof±ouslc’{felc~U‚¥|t|~Unfet|µ{l7¥vfZ€€ºfZrZpCuslclc‚–‚{r€pCusl!l–µ,“Uf+U”_us¬{dw“Ut|”Un”
nfZt|‚WdzO­ pCG4~fZt|€na7pClcn‚!a{tv€€)nqpCpC‰{lc‰{‚copCuZo¬G‚t|dzapCpCon‚Gtvus +lwpConfUac­¸f+Ð're’{¥v€ou
¤f¡nacfef¤us¨´f¥|’{pCnn’{tvusol f
fJ¬GnoqpsrentvuslPtv€'Ä?’{t|nffJ§zretvfelYnŠ€t|lcrZf ±f$’c€fnacfÐ'†$πrqacfedgfU­±`+acfrZusdw‰{’{nqpCntvuslÀnt|dgfuC¨
na{tv€
‰pCon
tv€'pC¥v€ugpCous’{lc‚Pnfel€fZrZuslc‚{€­
GÃfnfZ€nfZ‚Vnacf‰feoŨ´usodzpClcrZfPuC¨ us’{ogdgfenacuA‚V °t|na¦€‡Al?nacfentvr»ps€– ¡fe¥|¥Sps€–ofpC¥
nfZ€nwt|d–x
pC~fZ€³­±`+acf€‡YlYnacfentvrnfZ€n
t|dzpC~fZ€ pCofrZusdw‰,uU€fZ‚PuC¨nfJ¬Gn’{ofZ€°¨ªousd6nacf ¡ouA‚cpCn JnfJ¬Gn’{of
‚cpCnqpCµps€qfU­±`+acf$ofpC¥8t|dzpC~fZ€ŠpCof ¨ªousd6‰pC‰,feo€'uslnfJ¬Gn’{of€qfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslÀnapCn
±feof‰{’{µGx
¥|tv€acfZ‚¢fpCo¥|tvfeo}€u–nacfe‡¢pC¥|¥vu ‚Gt|ofZren'rZusdw‰pCotv€usl®­
¯t|~U’{of+Œ?pSofe¤fpC¥v€±us’{odgfenacuY‚–nu ¡uso¹–ÄY’{t|nf¡¾clcf+ °t|nazrZusdwdguslgnfJ¬Gn’{ofZ‚–t|dzpC~fZ€­ÑSusnf
nacf+pZ¤feoqpC~f+~Uoqp‡¤UpC¥|’cf¡µfenm ±fZfelwnacf±nŸ ±u nfJ¬Gn’{ofZ‚7ofe~Utvuslc€¸lcusn¸nu'µ,fºnuAuŠd’crag‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?n}
pClc‚gnacfeof°tv€)pC¥v€u$lcu$‚{usdwt|lpClYn¡usotvfelYnqpCntvuslg¨´usonacf°µpsr¹A~Uous’{lc‚gnfJ¬Gn’{ofU­¸Ð'¥v€u lcusnf
napCn
nacf$rZusoofZren' ¡pZ‡¢uC¨€dguAusna{t|l{~gnacf$€no’cren’{of$nfelc€uso / ’c€t|l{~ )Ä­ h 0±tv€°¤feo‡t|dw‰,usonqpCl?nŠnu
~fen°€’crqa¢~uYuA‚«ofZ€’{¥|n€­¯t|~U’{of ŒUµ¢€acu €+napCn°nacf €fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl¨ypCt|¥v€+rZusdw‰{¥vfenfe¥|‡«t·¨8nacf
[\[^]!_P`*ab*c
@“
./";./ 65. 1VP
€ dguYusna{t|l{~»tv€!usdwt|nnfZ‚W­»Ð°ren’pC¥|¥|‡Ãnacfz€dguAusna{t|l{~Àtv€ofZ€‰,uslc€t|µ{¥vfg¨ªuso!nacfg¨ypsrennapCn!nacf
na{ofZf¡¨´fpCn’{of+rapCl{lcfe¥v€ºµps€fZ‚–usl7nacf+lcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo)€no’cren’{of+nfelc€usoºpCof°pCµ{¥vf+nuSus’{n‰,feoŨ´usod
p °acus¥vf€qfen7uC¨S½$pCµ,uso¨´fpCn’{ofZ€­IŠu³ ±fe¤feo})¯t|~U’{of«ŒrpC¥v€uÀ€acu³ €nacf¥|t|dwt|nqpCntvusl napCn
+ps€pC¥|ofps‚G‡PdgfelYntvuslcfZ‚Ãt|lÁÏAfZrentvusl;P“ KSjy¨±nŸ ±unfJ¬An’{ofZ€rpCl¿usl{¥|‡Àµf–‚Gtv€nt|l{~U’{tv€acfZ‚¿‚G’cf
nu£nacfet|og€qrpC¥vfU}ºnacfeoftv€wlcu£‰,uU€€t|µ{t|¥|t|nm‡Ã¨´usownacf¢€no’cren’{of¢nfelc€usoguC¨$usl{¥|‡;uslcfP€rpC¥vfnu
€qfe‰pCoqpCnfgnacfwofe~Utvuslc€­ÑSusnfwnapCnna{tv€‰{ousµ{¥vfed rZus’{¥v‚Áµfw¾{¬GfZ‚¿¤feo‡¿fps€t|¥|‡£µY‡Áps‚{‚Gt|l{~
nacfg¨ªfpCn’{ofZ€7uC¨'p€no’cren’{ofznfelc€uso!uC¨'‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?n–€rpC¥vfU­ ISu ±fe¤feo}¸t|n!tv€!pC¥v€uPt|l?nfeofZ€nt|l{~
napCn+uslcfŠaps€ºnu7rZuslc€no’cren+¤feo‡g€‰,fZret=pC¥rps€fZ€±nu!dzpC¹f'nacfS€no’cren’{ofŠnfelc€uso¡uC¨usl{¥|‡guslcf
€qrpC¥vf nu–¨´pCt|¥®rZusdw‰{¥vfenfe¥|‡­
¯t|~U’{of'ŒK / p0 )ˆŠfZ€’{¥|n)¨´uso¡p€‡YlYnacfentvr'nfZ€n)t|dzpC~f' °t|na€dguAusnacfZ‚w¨´fpCn’{ofZ€º’c€t|l{~
ºÄ­ hG­ / µ 0 +ÏAfe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl¨´pCt|¥v€¡t·¨®nacfŠ¨ªfpCn’{ofSrapCl{lcfe¥v€ŠpCof'lcusn+€dguAusnacfZ‚W­ / r10
+ÏAfe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl»¨ypCt|¥v€°t·¨8nfJ¬Gn’{ofusl{¥|‡¢‚Gt·¶,feo€
t|l€rpC¥vfU­
LÀusof±t|l?nfeofZ€nt|l{~$napCl7nacf+€‡YlYnacfentvr¡t|dzpC~fZ€¸pCof¡nacf±ofpC¥Gt|dzpC~fZ€­8¯t|~U’{ofZ€)SpClc‚7'‰{ou¤f
us’{o dgfenacuA‚Ànuµ,f!¨ ’{¥|¥|‡»rZusdw‰fent|nt|¤f–nu«ofZrZfel?npC‰{‰{oupsrqacfZ€$‰{’{µ{¥|tv€acfZ‚£t|l >A@!@ºC pClc‚ > “U“
C
/t|lnacnfZac€qfŠfusoofZt|€~U’{t|¥|lnpC€ ¥WpspC€
on ¡tvrefe¥v¥|fZ¥¸€ ps0J­€Š¡nacusflc€otvfZ‚{€fe’{o¥|t|nl{€S~–fJ¬GnacnoqfŠpsorefZn€fZ’{‚¥|n¨ª€ºous¨ od usd>A@ DnacC f'pClcdg‚Yfen> ac“P@*uAC ‚zpCt|ol f!> n“Pac@*fŸC }Yus °lcacfZfe€So€f'acnu³ac °fel‡
’c€qfZ‚7€dguYusnacfZ‚7¨´fpCn’{ofZ€µps€fZ‚wusl½$pCµ,uso¾c¥|nfeo€}us’{odgfenacuA‚–’c€fZ€¸¥vfZ€€¨´fpCn’{of°rapCl{lcfe¥v€
pClc‚PrZusdw‰pCofZ€°¨ypZ¤us’{oqpCµ{¥|‡­º¯t|~U’{ofZ€ zpClc‚PŽ–€acu ²napCn
±frpClfe¤felPt|dw‰{ou¤fnacf~uYuA‚
ofZ€’{¥|n€ºusµ{nqpCt|lcfZ‚gt|l >A@D C °acfeofŠp$€’{‰feo¤Atv€fZ‚w€rqacfedgf
¡ps€º’c€fZ‚W­¸¯t|lpC¥|¥|‡}Y¯t|~U’{o3f @!@°t|¥|¥|’c€x
noqpCnfZ€nacf)rpC‰pCµ{t|¥|t|ntvfZ€uC¨{us’{opC‰{‰{oupsra–usl!pClusnacfeo€fen8uC¨G€‡Al?nacfentvr¡pClc‚$lpCn’{oqpC¥?t|dzpC~fZ€³­
ÏAu–usµY¤Ytvus’c€¥|‡}us’{o+¨ªfpCn’{ofZ€°µps€qfZ‚«usl¢nacf lcusl{¥|t|lcfpCoŠ€no’cren’{of nfelc€uso'pCof ¤feo‡z‰,u ¡feoŨ ’{¥
t|l‚Gtv€reot|dwt|lpCnt|l{~!‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?n±nfJ¬An’{ofZ‚zofe~Utvuslc€}YpClc‚us’{oº‚G‡YlpCdwtvr
dguY‚{fe¥|¥|t|l{~7uC¨,nacfŠpsrent|¤f
ofe~Utvuslc€7tv€wpCµ{¥vf«nuPt|lcrZuso‰,usoqpCnf«nacf¨ªfpCn’{ofZ€7t|lVp +pZ‡ÁnapCnwfelpCµ{¥vfZ€–nacfpC¥|~usot|na{d3nu
rZus‰,f7 °t|na¿ofpC¥nfJ¬An’{ofZ‚Ãt|dzpC~fZ€$­ GÃfgpC¥v€qu +pCl?n!nu«€nofZ€€ napCnus’{o$dgfenacuY‚£tv€pC¥|dguU€n
45O[6487
!" $#%'&!()*+-,!'././0,213 45"'./76,
)8 ,!" 9#!,:;
¯t|~U’{ofPK / p0 ºˆŠfZ€’{¥|n+¨ªousd
>A@!@*CŸ­
@h
/ µ 0 °†Š’{o'ofZ€’{¥|n­
¯t|~U’{ofPK / p0 ºˆŠfZ€’{¥|n+¨ªousd > U“ “
CŸ­ / µ 0 °†Š’{o'ofZ€’{¥|n­
¨ªofZfuC¨‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€­Š`+acf‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€SnapCn pC‰{‰fpCoŠ¨ªusoŠnacflcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo$‚Gt·¶,’c€tvuslÀpClc‚Pnacf
psrent|¤fwrZuslYnus’{o!pCof–¤feo‡Àousµ{’c€npClc‚¿rpCl¿µf–€fen$nu«¾{¬{fZ‚À¤spC¥|’cfZ€³­7Њ¥|¥us’{o$ofZ€’{¥|n€$ap¤f
µ,fZfelÃrZusdw‰{’{nfZ‚¿ °t|na¿nacfw€qpCdgf–‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€³­w`+a{tv€ ‰{ous‰feonm‡Àtv€ ¤feo‡Àt|dw‰,usonqpCl?n$¨´usopCl
’{lc€’{‰feo¤Atv€fZ‚¦pC‰{‰{oupsra®}¡µ,fZrpC’c€f ±fna{t|l{¹ pCl4pC‰{‰{oupsrqa4rpCl©psren’pC¥|¥|‡ lcusnwµ,f¢rpC¥|¥vfZ‚
’{lc€’{‰feo¤Atv€fZ‚W}At·¨¨´uso°fpsra¢t|dzpC~f$€usdgfZuslcf aps€+nu!¾c~U’{of$us’{n+nacf ot|~Ua?n°‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€
¾co€n­
GÃfpCof!pC¥v€u–t|lnacf$‰{ouArZfZ€€+nuzpC‰{‰{¥|‡¢us’{o°dgfenacuA‚¢nuwd’crqaPdgusof$t|dzpC~fZ€³­
-'! I-'!
jmlÀna{tv€ ‰pC‰feo nŸ ¡ulcu¤fe¥tv‚{fps€ ¡feof–‰{ous‰uU€fZ‚¿pClc‚¿pC‰{‰{¥|tvfZ‚£t|l¿uso‚{feo nu«rZus‰,f7 °t|na£’{lGx
€’{‰feo¤Atv€fZ‚;nfJ¬An’{of€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl®­;¯t|o€n}nacf«tv‚{fpÀuC¨'’c€t|l{~£nacf€no’cren’{ofnfelc€uso7¨´uso
¨´fpCn’{of'fJ¬Gnoqpsrentvusl ¡ps€¡fedw‰{aps€At JfZ‚¢pClc‚plcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo±¤feo€tvusl +ps€¡€acu °l«nuµ,f'rZusdw‰,fenÅx
[\[^]!_P`*ab*c
@eŒ
./";./ 65. 1VP
¯t|~U’{of9R K / p0 ¡ˆŠfZ€’{¥|n+¨ªousd > P“ @*CŸ­ / µ 0 +†Š’{o°ofZ€’{¥|n­
¯t|~U’{of P K / p0 ºˆŠfZ€’{¥|n+¨ªousd >A@
CŸ­ / µ 0 °†Š’{o'ofZ€’{¥|n­
t|nt|¤fwusofe¤fel;€’{‰feotvuso$nup °acus¥vfg€qfenuC¨°½$pCµ,uso ¨ªfpCn’{ofZ€³­wÏAfZrZuslc‚W} ±f–ap¤fw‰{ous‰uU€qfZ‚
pglcfe €fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl£dguY‚{fe¥8µps€fZ‚Pusl£pw¤UpCot=pCntvuslpC¥¨´usod’{¥=pCntvusl¿pClc‚»usl»nacf¥vfe¤fe¥8ofe‰Gx
ofZ€qfel?nqpCntvusl®­ ÏYnqpCont|l{~ ¨ªousd pÁ~felcfeoqpC¥ d’{¥|nt·xŸ‚Gt|dgfelc€tvuslpC¥7½pC’c€€t=pCl nu pC‰{‰{ou¬At|dzpCnf
ofe~Utvusl t|lG¨´usodzpCntvusl¦uC¨Šnacf¨´fpCn’{of«rqapCl{lcfe¥v€}) ¡f«apZ¤f¢€t|dw‰{¥|t·¾fZ‚¦pClc‚ €‰,fZret=pC¥|At JfZ‚ nacf
dguA‚{fe¥8€qups€Šnuz~fen$pwousµ{’c€n €fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvuslÀ‰{ouArZfZ€€­'`+acfousµ{’c€nlcfZ€q€SuC¨na{tv€$pC‰{‰{oupsra
pC¥|¥vu³ €)nuS¾{¬gpC¥|¥pC‰{‰fpCot|l{~‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo€}?€u$us’{oºnfZra{l{tvÄY’cf°tv€)rZusdw‰{¥vfenfe¥|‡–‰pCoqpCdgfenfeo)¨ªofZfU­
`+acfwrZusdw‰pCotv€quslÃuC¨+us’{o$dgfenacuA‚£nu€usdgf–ofZrZfel?n!pC‰{‰{oupsrqacfZ€ +ps€$¤feo‡»rZuslY¤Yt|lcret|l{~c­wjmn
+ps€'‰,uU€€t|µ{¥vfnuzofe‰{ouA‚G’crZf7usoŠfe¤felÀt|dw‰{ou¤f7nacf¨´usodgfeo'ofZ€’{¥|n€­S†'¨ºrZus’{o€fU}nacfeof7€nt|¥|¥
fJ¬Gtv€n°€fe¤feoqpC¥WfJ¬cpCdw‰{¥vfZ€° °acfeof$us’{o+dgfenacuY‚tv€+lcusn
pC‰{‰{ous‰{ot=pCnfU­¡†Šlcf ‰{ousµ{¥vfedtv€°rpC’c€qfZ‚
µY‡¿nfJ¬An’{ofZ€!napCn!usl{¥|‡Ã‚Gt·¶Wfeot|l;nacfet|o7€qrpC¥vfU­¢Ð'lcusnacfeo!¥|t|dwt|nqpCntvusl tv€~Ut|¤felÁµY‡Ãnacfw¨ypsren
45O[6487
!" $#%'&!()*+-,!'././0,213 45"'./76,
)8 ,!" 9#!,:;
@
¯t|~U’{ofŽPKuAusd6uslofZ€’{¥|n / p0 ¡ˆŠfZ€’{¥|n+¨ªousd >A@
CŸ­ / µ 0 +†Š’{o
ofZ€’{¥|n­
¯t|~U’{of?@”PK / p0 ±’{o¤fgfe¤us¥|’{ntvusl¿ °t|na£¾co€n$t|l{t|nt=pC¥|tv€IpCntvusl / °tv‚{f–ofZrpCl{~U¥vf10J­ / µ 0
±’{o¤ffe¤us¥|’{ntvuslP °t|na»€fZrZuslc‚¢t|l{t|nt=pC¥|tv€qpCntvusl / uslcf€dzpC¥|¥ret|ore¥vf10J­
napCn' ±fusl{¥|‡rZuslc€tv‚{feo'nm ±uzofe~Utvuslc€­±†Š’{o°¨ª’{n’{of$ofZ€fpCorqa °t|¥|¥W¨´uYre’c€
uslPofZ€us¥|¤Yt|l{~wnacfZ€qf
‰{ousµ{¥vfedg€³­
[\[^]!_P`*ab*c
@
./";./ 65. 1VP
¯t|~U’{of @!@!K p 0 ±’{o¤ffe¤us¥|’{ntvusl;¨ªuso–p€‡Al?nacfentvr«t|dzpC~f«rZusdw‰uU€qfZ‚à °acfeofnacf
ofe~Utvuslc€
apZ¤f€q/ pCdgfSdgfpClc€°µ{’{n
‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?n'¤spCot=pClcrZfZ€­ / µ 0 ±’{o¤ffe¤us¥|’{ntvusl¢¨´uso
nacf .. t|dzpC~fU­
0 ±*+,-'.7*' `8ug€t|dw‰{¥|t·¨ª‡nacf$lcusnqpCntvuslc€' ¡f$lcusnf 2nacf µus’{lc‚{fZ‚ÀpClc‚us‰,fel 0+‚{usdzpCt|l»uC¨¸t|l?nfe~UoqpCntvusl
°a{tvrqatv€°dgu³¤Yt|l{~c­±Ð°ren’pC¥|¥|‡ 2tv€
fet|nacfeo(2 / uso(2 * }cpClc‚Á °t|¥|¥Wµf nacfµus’{lc‚cpCo‡¢uC¨ 2$­
¼S€t|l{~wnacf€apC‰f$‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤f$nuAusU¥ > h CŸ}G ±f$ +pCl?nŠnug‚Gt·¶,feofelcret=pCnfnacf ¨ ’{lcrentvuslpC¥-K
2#% 2 1?6# ? # # ?
!?
/ @0
GÃf t|lYnouY‚G’crZf!€usdgf$lcusnqpCntvuslc€ K
5 5 2# V 1? 7 2#! ?3 V + 99 ?
°t|na 1? 7 2# WV 1? #[ ? # # ? pClc‚ * 2#% 2 V ? `+acf7
½ CnfpC’G¬‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤fuC¨ 2#)t|lPnacf$‚Gt|ofZrentvusl»uC¨ / p–¤fZrenuso
¾fe¥v‚ 0¡tv€ K
82# 7 V 1? 7 2 7 #(! ?
V 1? 7 2# (1? # < 1? # #( 1?6#
%
45O[6487
!" $#%'&!()*+-,!'././0,213 45"'./76,
)8 ,!" 9#!,:;
@R
°acfeof 1 ? 7 2 7 #ºtv€
nacf$€apC‰f$‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤fuC¨ 1? 7 2#q­`+a{tv€'rpCl¢µ,f$fJ¬A‰{ofZ€€qfZ‚Pps€K
1? 2 # 1? 2# B 2# 7 7
7
7
* 7
±psranfeod rpClPµf$rpC¥vre’{¥=pCnfZF‚ K
1? 7 2# ;7 7 V * 1? # ? # # ? # < ? # # ? * 2# 7 V (?6
# < ? # # ? „)’{nnt|l{~zfe¤feo‡Yna{t|l{~nus~fenacfeo' ¡f$~fen°nacf ¨´us¥|¥vu °t|l{~€apC‰f$‚{feot|¤UpCnt|¤f!K
2# 7 CV . / 1 ?6# #
57 5 +:58709 5 7 5 +0 99
@R 0
/
V 4 +:9 9 ? (1? # < 1? # #! ?
ÑSusnfSnapCn+na{tv€+ofZ€’{¥|n°rZus’{¥v‚µ,fSofe¥=pCnfZ‚«nu!nacf uslcf$usµ{nqpCt|lcfZ‚t|l >A@!@CWna{ous’{~UaPp‚Gt·¶Wfeofel?n
pC‰{‰{oupsrqa®­
Z)
>A@C7Ò7­,а‚cpC¥v€nfet|lc€q€uslÁpClc‚¿‘c­ÏAfena{t=pCl®­–`+acf7¨´ps€nSrZuslc€no’crentvusl;uC¨¡fJ¬Gnfelc€tvusl¿¤fe¥vuYret|ntvfZ€
t|l¢¥vfe¤fe¥€fen°dgfenacuA‚{€­ .!",\.
M./(W -,:./ , ' F} @eŒ PK “ A“U“G} @ŽUŽ G­
> D“ C7¯¡­Ð'lc‚Gofe’®} –­ +ps€fe¥|¥vfZ€}‘c­jI­ÒŠt=
p J},pClc‚À‘c+­ L +­ L£
p Jsl®
­ Š’pC¥|t|nqpCnt|¤f7‰{ous‰feontvfZ€ uC¨
nacf$nusnqpC¥®¤UpCot=pCntvusl u ­ ./ , \.W8% './, W, }{“U”UP” @U­)`upC‰{‰fpCo­
> Dh Cw½–­UÐ'’{µ,feon} L ­ °pCo¥=pC’c‚W}G†7­?¯pC’{~feoqps€}YpClc‚«Ï­‘feapClGx +fZ€€usl®­,jmdzpC~f
€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl
’c€t|l{~©psrent|¤fÁrZuslYnus’{o€ K©rpC¥vre’{¥|’c€»uC¨7¤UpCot=pCntvuslc€PuC¨w€apC‰,f£~Uoqps‚Gtvfel?n€ ,/ P./* }{‘U’{¥|‡¢“U”U”U“G­
> /Œ C7‘c­ ¡t|!~ T{l®}s½w­ I!­³½ oqpCl{¥|’{lc‚W}spClc‚‘c­ G t|¹Y¥|’{lc‚W!­ L»’{¥|ntv‚Gt|dgfelc€tvuslpC¥YusotvfelYnqpCntvusl7fZ€nt|dzp_x
ntvuslP °t|naÀpC‰{‰{¥|tvrpCntvuslc€ŠnugnfJ¬Gn’{of!pClpC¥|‡G€tv€SpClc‚Pus‰{ntvrpC¥ u³ ­ ,/*,:'./
./ ,!' 7W ,
3,/ ,: " !+ &"; } @h / 0KSR!Rs PRsŽU”G}Њ’{~U’c€3
n @ŽUPŽ @U­
> D C7`$­ ¡ouZ¬£pClc‚»‘c­ GÃfetvr¹feon­$ÑSusl{¥|t|lcfpCoSdzpCnot·¬À‚Gt·¶,’c€tvuslP¨´usoŠus‰{ntvr u³ fZ€nt|dzpCntvusl®­
jŸl B .#"%$&1 (') # /(WP.
( }®¤us¥|’{dgf“CŒUŒ?ŽuC¨ * " 3.: ) +
M./(WP # *-; }‰pC~fZ€°ŒUŒ? ?Œ?UhG} T{otvrqa®}ÏY °t|n Jfeo¥=pClc‚W},ÏAfe‰{nfedµ,feoS“U”U”U“G­ÏY‰{ot|l{~feo­
"
$
$
$
[\[^]!_P`*ab*c
./";./ 65. 1VP
@
> DC7Ò7­ ±ofedgfeo€}7`$­Šusa{¥|µfeo~feo}–pClc‚ S­$ÏAra{lsoo­ ÑSusl{¥|t|lcfpCo£€apC‰f;€nqpCntv€ntvrZ€Àt|l
d’{d–¨´uso‚AxŸ€apCa µps€fZ‚ €fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl®­/jml . " ". ,/ M./ "Z.! M.!(
*
F './ }¤us¥|’{dgfS“UhUPŠ
3.! M./(WP # *-; }Y‰pC~fZ€+ŽUh@” G}
@ uC¨ * ¡us‰fel{apC~fel®}‘U’{lcf“U”U”U“G­ÏY‰{ot|l{~feo­
>SRCw½–­?ˆ!­ ± ouU€€+pClc‚zÐ7­w­?‘YpCt|l®­ LÀpCo¹u³¤woqpClc‚{usd ¾fe¥v‚nfJ¬Gn’{of
dguA‚{fe¥v€­ ,/
,:'./$./ 5 ,!' W, D3,/ ,: % A& ; }PK “UAhUŽG}@Ž UhG­
> DC9G ­,¯
so€nlcfeo!pClc‚ ­½XT{¥vra®­wÐ ¨´ps€n$us‰,feoqpCnuso ¨ªuso‚{fenfZrentvusl pClc‚¿‰{ofZretv€f–¥vuArpCntvusl
uC¨7‚Gtv€nt|lcren¢‰,ust|l?n€}SrZusolcfeo€PpClc‚rZfelYnofZ€uC¨7ret|ore’{¥=pCo¢¨´fpCn’{ofZ€­jŸl ." ; # #
+ ./(2(2'./ M
./ ;5.!98 ,
* .;; &$. .!-. &! ,/(2( * 1$,:-, }³‰pC~fZ€
“ P@A hU”UG}jml?nfeo¥=pC¹fel®}ÏY °t|nJfeo¥=pClc‚W}‘U’{lcf)@Ž :RA­
> ŽDC7Ò7­½pCµuso­)`+acfZuso‡uC¨rZusdwd’{l{tvrpCntvusl®­! " }cŽUhPK Œ?“UŽ? Œ?UŽG}\@ŽCŒ?G­
>A@”DCw½–­s½$feot|~c}Y†7­XT{µ{¥vfeo}ˆ­ t|¹Yt|l{tv€³}pClc‚w¯¡­CÐ7­C‘?us¥vfZ€J­{ъusl{¥|t|lcfpCoºpCl{tv€qusnous‰{tvrº¾c¥|nfeot|l{~
uC¨HÀL ˆ'j±‚cpCnqpG­ ,/,:'./$./ 0/' , (),&/"& }F@!@!K “U“P@A“UhU“G}O@ŽUŽU“G­
>A@!@7
C ‘U’{l{dgu t|d}s‘usa{l7¯tv€acfeo}sÐ'lYnacusl?‡º f*JJZty}/LP’s…‚cpCn¡fent|l®}UpClc‚!Ð'¥=pCl9G4t|¥|¥v€¹A‡­ÑSuslGx
‰pCoqpCdgfenotvr
dgfenacuA‚{€¸¨ªusot|dzpC~f'€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl’c€t|l{~$t|lG¨ªusodzpCntvuslnacfZuso‡–pClc‚zre’{o¤f
fe¤us¥|’{ntvusl®­?jml + *,:./ M./ 5./ (),& .;;"& }UˆŠuYrqacfZ€nfeo}CÑ w}
€fen‰fed!µfeoS“U”U”U“G­
>A@“DCVL;­ Í fe¤felYnusl®
} ­Š½ ot|dg€usl®}pClc‚²†7­
¯pC’{~feoqps€­ÎÏYnqpCntv€ntvrpC¥–ÏYapC‰,f¿jŸl c’cfelcrZfÁt|l
½ fZuY‚{fZ€tvrzÐSrent|¤f ¡usl?nus’{o€³­Pjml .; ! "&/7. P + ,!'./, M./ ;?.!
M./(W * F './ ,/ 5,!' .;&/./ }‰pC~fZ€ Ph @ AhU“UhG+} IŠt|¥|nusl ISfps‚Pj €¥=pClc‚W}
ÏAus’{na +pCous¥|t|lpG}‘U’{lcf!“U”U”U”G­cj ¡usdw‰{’{nfeo$ÏAuYretvfenm‡­
>A@Dh C7‘cF­ LÀpC¥|t|¹,}Ï­ +fe¥vusl{~UtvfU}®`$­ Í fe’{l{~c}pClc‚¿‘­ÏYa{ty­ ¡uslYnus’{o!pClc‚£nfJ¬An’{ofgpClpC¥|‡G€tv€S¨´uso
t|dzpC~f±€fe~UdgfelYnqpCntvusl®­ 6P+ ,!'./, ./",. M./(WP .! }³Œ?h / @10KSRA:“ RA}
‘U’{lcf“U”UP” @U­
>A@e/Œ C7ˆF­ L£pC¥|¥=ps‚Gty}‘c­ Ð7­8ÏAfena{t=pCl®}¸pClc‚ ­ S­ )fed’{oty­ÏYapC‰f–dguA‚{fe¥|t|l{~P °t|na¿¨ªousl?n‰{ous‰Gx
pC~?pCntvusl K¿Ð#¥vfe¤fe¥S€fen«pC‰{‰{oupsrqa®­ ,/*, .! ./ 5,!' W, D ,/ ,: !+ & *; } @R / “ 0KA@ @RsG}¯cfeµ{o’pCo‡ @ŽUŽUG­
>A@D CwÏYnqpCl{¥vfe‡†S€acfeo} Њlc‚GofZ€»ÏAus¥vfU}$pClc‚ Í ’{dwt|l{t|nqp )fZ€fU­ jmdzpC~f¿‚{fZrZusdw‰uU€t|ntvusl pClc‚
ofZ€nusoqpCntvusl–’c€t|l{~ŠnusnqpC¥G¤UpCot=pCntvusl–dwt|l{t|dwAt J³pCntvuslzpClc‚nacf 4 lcusod­ )
* " " "
P./* $ }†Srenusµ,feoŠ“U”U”U“G­
$
"
"
45O[6487
@Ž
!" $#%'&!()*+-,!'././0,213 45"'./76,
)8 ,!" 9#!,:;
>A@DC7Ñ't|¹uU€S„pCoqpC~UtvuU€$pClc‚ÀˆŠpsrqa{tv‚»Ò
ef otvracfU­ ½ fZuA‚{fZ€tvr!psrent|¤f!ofe~Utvuslc€K°ÐÂlcfe ²‰pCoqps‚Gt|~Ud
nuÀ‚{fpC¥+ °t|na ¨ªoqpCdgf‰pCont|ntvuslV‰{ousµ{¥vfedg€gt|l rZusdw‰{’{nfeow¤Atv€tvusl®­ ./", . F ,
M./(2(V ' ,!'./ ,! (Z,& -,!.! +} L£pCora C‘U’{lcf7“U”U”U“G­
>A@RC7„8­{„feouslpgpClc‚‘c­L£pC¥|t|¹­ÏArpC¥vf$€‰psrZf$pClc‚¢fZ‚G~f ‚{fenfZrentvusl’c€t|l{~gpCl{tv€usnous‰{tvr$‚Gt·¶,’Gx
€tvusl®­ ,!*,:./ .! 5,:' )W, ,/ ,: )+ A& ; } @P“ K U“UŽ UhUŽG} @ŽUŽU”G­
>A@DCVL;­Aˆ'us’c€€quslpClc‚ˆ­AÒ feotvracfU­¸Ð ¤UpCot=pCntvuslpC¥¨ oqpCdgfe ¡uso¹z¨´uso
psrent|¤f$pClc‚ps‚cpC‰{nqpCnt|¤f
€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusluC¨¤fZrenuso°¤UpC¥|’cfZ‚t|dzpC~fZ€­8jml ." 2./ P..! .!'./,/ F' . M./(WP "& }†Šo¥=pClc‚{u{}¯¥vusotv‚cpG}cÒ fZrZfedµ,feoŠ“U”U”U“G­
>A@DŽ CVLPt|¹Upsfe¥ˆ'us’c€q€usl»pClc‚Pъt|¹uU€'„¸pCoqpC~UtvuU€­'ÏYapC‰,f‰{otvuso€'¨ªuso'¥vfe¤fe¥8€fenŠofe‰{ofZ€fel?nqpCntvuslc€­
jŸl }A¤us¥|’{dgf!“G}G‰pC~fZ€ RAŽU“G} ¡us‰fel{apC~fel®}ÒSfel{dzpCo¹,} L£pZ‡¢“U”U”U“G­
> “UD” C Í ­)jJ­ˆ'’c‚Gt|l®}+Ï­¡†S€acfeo}¡pClc‚ ­¯pCnfedwty­©ÑSusl{¥|t|lcfpCognusnqpC¥
¤UpCot=pCntvusl¦µps€fZ‚ lcustv€qf
ofedgu¤UpC¥8pC¥|~usot|na{dg€­ - ' ,Z1 }cUP” K “UUŽ A“U G\} @ŽUŽU“G­
> P“ @C S­{ÏGpC~Ut|¤,}{Ñ7­AÐ7­{ÏAuYrqacfel®}pClc‚ –­ w­ fZfe¤Aty­¸`fJ¬Gn’{of$€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvuslP¤Yt=p–p7‚Gt·¶’c€tvuslGx
€fe~Udgfel?nqpCntvusl¦€rqacfedgf«t|l nacf~?pCµ,uso!¨´fpCn’{of€‰psrZfU­£jŸl ."2 !" $ $ $: + ,!'./,V./ . ./ ! $W, V,/ # P } ¡us‰fel{apC~fel®}W‘’{lcf
“U”U”U“G­
> “UD“ C S­ÏGpClc‚Gµfeo~c}`$­ ±apCl®}pClc‚ Í ­ )fZ€qfU­±Ð ¥vfe¤fe¥·xŸ€fen pClc‚¢~?pCµusoÅxyµps€qfZ‚Àpsrent|¤¢rZusl?nus’{o
pC¥|~usot|na{d ¨´uso€fe~Udgfel?nt|l{~ÀnfJ¬Gn’{ofZ‚Ãt|dzpC~fZ€­«`fZrqa{l{tvrpC¥¡ˆŠfe‰uson!hUŽGO} L£pCna®­®Ò fe‰{n­
¼ Í Ð7} Í uU€ŠÐ'l{~fe¥vfZ€}{¼$ÏAÐ7}{‘U’{¥|‡“U”U”U“G­
> “UDh C7Ò7­A`€qra?’{dw‰,feo¥vƒpClc‚ˆ­AÒ feotvracfU­¸ÒSt·¶’c€tvusl«nfelc€quso¡ofe~U’{¥=pCoAt J³pCntvusl¢ °t|narZuslYnoqpCt|l?n€
‰{ofZ€feo¤spCntvusl®­–jml .")$ M./(WP V# .*-*8 M.!* ; ./ M./(WP F './ ,! ,!' . &/+'./ }Y¤us¥|’{dg3
f @U}‰pC~fZ€±ŽCŒ AŽUUhG} pC’pCty"} IŠjJ}sÒSfZrZfed!µfeo
“U”UP” @U­cj ¡usdw‰{’{nfeo$ÏAuYretvfenm‡„)ofZ€€­
> “C/Œ C7ˆ­G¤UpCl‚{fel +uYusdw~?pUpCo‚ÀpClc‚‘c­{¤UpClP‚{X
f GÃfet …feo­ºˆ'usµ{’c€n
fZ€nt|dzpCntvusl»uC¨usotvfel?nqpCntvusl
¨ªusonfJ¬An’{ofÀpClpC¥|‡A€tv€³­jŸl ." ! $ $ $: ,!.!,2./
. .!
:" EW, E,/ Z# /+ } ¡us‰,fel{apC~fel®}‘U’{lcf!“U”U”U“G­
> “UD C7‘cH­ GÃfetvr¹feon­ W *.!.' 13 45 ./ (),&" .;;"& ­ `8fe’{µ{lcfeo}°ÏYn’{nn~?pCon}
@ŽUŽ G­
> “UD C7‘c­ GÃfetvrq¹feonwpClc‚ `$­ ¡ou¬,­ÒSt·¶,’c€tvuslVpClc‚Ãofe~U’{¥=pCoAt J³pCntvusl¦uC¨°¤fZrenusoÅx$pClc‚;dzpCnot·¬Ax
¤spC¥|’cfZ‚4t|dzpC~fZ€­ `fZrqa{l{tvrpC¥ˆ'fe‰,uson G}ŠÒ fe‰pCondgfel?nuC9¨ L£pCnacfedzpCntvrZ€}SÏGpUpCo¥=pClc‚
¼'l{t|¤feo€t|nm‡}ÏGpUpCoµ{o Tcr¹fel®}W½ feodzpClY‡+} L£pCora»“U”U”U“G­
"
[\[^]!_P`*ab*c
“U”
./";./ 65. 1VP
> “:RC7‘c­GÃfetvrq¹feon} ­ L
®­ nfeoVISpUpCo–ˆ'usdgfelY‡}pClc‚ L;­8Ð!­ Štvfeo~fe¤feo­ ¸§zretvfel?nzpClc‚ÁofJx
¥|t=pCµ{¥vf€racfedgfZ€z¨´usowlcusl{¥|t|lcfpCo‚Gt·¶,’c€tvuslV¾c¥|nfeot|l{~c­ ,/*, .! ./ (),& .;; & } R / h0K hUŽ ?Œ@”G} LÀpCorqaY@ŽUŽ G­
"
45O[6487
Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis
2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine : LORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique
615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-lès-Nancy Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes : 655, avenue de l’Europe - 38330 Montbonnot-St-Martin (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)
Éditeur
INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)
ISSN 0249-6399