New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
New Zealand Life Tables
2000–2002
i
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Published in July 2004 by
Statistics New Zealand
Te Tari Tatau
Wellington, New Zealand
Catalogue Number 10.005
ISSN 0111-0225
ii
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Preface
This report contains the latest life tables for the Mäori, non-Mäori and total New
Zealand populations. These complete life tables are based on the mortality
experience for the three-year period 2000–2002 and provide standard measures
for monitoring changes in mortality and survivorship patterns and the progress
in prolonging life.
The report includes several other topics of interest. These include analysis of
causes of death, summary information on the longevity and mortality experience
of different subnational areas of New Zealand, and explanation of the methods
of derivation of these life tables. The report also consolidates earlier life table
results.
Users should note three important aspects. First, the introduction of new birth
and death registration forms in 1995 caused a significant discontinuity in historical
ethnic birth and death statistics. However, the new forms have considerably
improved the general quality of ethnic-specific data. Second, comparisons of
Mäori and non-Mäori life tables over time and with each other should be interpreted
with caution because of changes in ethnic concept and data sources. Before
1995–1997, Mäori life expectancy is likely to be over-estimated and non-Mäori
life expectancy is likely to be under-estimated because of under-registration of
Mäori deaths relative to the Mäori population. Third, all 1995–1997 life tables
published in 1998 have been revised to incorporate updated population estimates
and improved methods of estimating death rates at the oldest ages. For the
Mäori and non-Mäori life tables, the revision also includes adjustments for underreporting of Mäori deaths (relative to the Mäori population).
I would like to thank Gillian Smeith, Nick Thomson and Rino Adair for the work
they have done in the preparation of this report, under the direction of Kim Dunstan
who had overall editorial responsibility.
Brian Pink
Government Statistician
iii
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
iv
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Acknowledgement
This report was prepared by the Demography Division and published by the
Information and Publishing Services Division of Statistics New Zealand.
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v
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Standards
Percentage changes
Source
Percentage movements are, in a number of cases,
calculated using data of greater precision than
published. This could result in slight variations.
All data is compiled by Statistics New Zealand,
except where otherwise stated.
Symbols
Rounding procedures
The interpretation of the symbols used throughout
this report is as follows:
On occasion, figures are rounded to the nearest
thousand or some other convenient unit. This may
result in a total disagreeing slightly with the total of
the individual items as shown in tables. Where
figures are rounded the unit is in general expressed
in words below the table headings, but where space
does not allow this the unit may be shown as (000)
for thousands, etc.
C
E
P
R
S
-..
...
Changes of base
Where consecutive figures have been compiled on
different bases and are not strictly comparable, a
footnote is added indicating the nature of the
difference.
vi
confidential
early estimate
provisional
revised
suppressed
nil or zero
figure(s) not available
figure too small to be expressed
not applicable
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Contents
Preface ...............................................................................................................................................
iii
Acknowledgement ...............................................................................................................................
v
Standards ...........................................................................................................................................
vi
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................
1
Parts
1. Background ....................................................................................................................................
3
Revised 1995–1997 life tables ..................................................................................................
3
Ethnic life tables ........................................................................................................................
3
Ethnic concept .....................................................................................................................
3
Changes to census forms ....................................................................................................
3
Changes to population measures ........................................................................................
4
Changes to birth and death registration forms .....................................................................
4
Availability and comparability of ethnic life tables .................................................................
6
Subnational life tables ...............................................................................................................
9
2. National trends in longevity and mortality .......................................................................................
11
Age distribution of deaths ..........................................................................................................
11
New Zealand life expectancy ....................................................................................................
12
Mäori and non-Mäori life expectancy ...................................................................................
12
Mäori/non-Mäori differentials in life expectancy ...................................................................
14
Male-female difference in life expectancy ............................................................................
14
International comparison of life expectancy ..............................................................................
15
Age contribution to longevity differences ...................................................................................
16
Age-specific death rates ............................................................................................................
18
Total population ....................................................................................................................
18
Change between 1950–1952 and 2000–2002 .....................................................................
18
Mäori and non-Mäori ............................................................................................................
21
Chance of survival .....................................................................................................................
21
Infant mortality ...........................................................................................................................
22
Causes of death ........................................................................................................................
23
3. National methodology ....................................................................................................................
27
Data ..........................................................................................................................................
27
Deaths numerator .....................................................................................................................
27
Population denominator (exposed-to-risk population) ...............................................................
27
Derived rates .............................................................................................................................
28
Life table notation ......................................................................................................................
29
Age 0 years ...............................................................................................................................
29
Age 1 year and over ..................................................................................................................
31
Supplementary functions for five-year age groups ....................................................................
32
vii
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Parts (continued)
4. Subnational trends in longevity and mortality .................................................................................
33
Regional life expectancy at birth ...............................................................................................
33
Regional life expectancy at age 65 years ..................................................................................
38
Territorial authority life expectancy at birth ................................................................................
40
Standardised death rates ..........................................................................................................
40
Possible causal factors .............................................................................................................
42
5. Subnational methodology ...............................................................................................................
45
Data ..........................................................................................................................................
45
Deaths numerator .....................................................................................................................
45
Population denominator (exposed-to-risk population) ...............................................................
45
Derived rates .............................................................................................................................
45
Life table notation ......................................................................................................................
46
Age 0 years ...............................................................................................................................
47
Age 1–4 years ...........................................................................................................................
47
Age 5–84 years .........................................................................................................................
48
Age 85 years and over ..............................................................................................................
48
Brass’ Logit System ...................................................................................................................
49
Abridged life tables compared with complete life tables ............................................................
49
Standardised death rates ..........................................................................................................
50
Glossary
...........................................................................................................................................
51
References ..........................................................................................................................................
55
Appendices: Additional tables .............................................................................................................
56
List of tables
Part 1
1.01 Summary of different ethnic concepts, deaths measures and population measures,
in New Zealand complete life tables, 1950–2002 ......................................................................
6
1.02 Summary of different deaths measures and population measures, in subnational
abridged life tables, 1990–2002 ................................................................................................
9
Part 2
2.01 Life expectancy at selected ages, total, Mäori and non-Mäori populations, 1950–2002 ...........
13
2.02 Difference between Mäori and non-Mäori life expectancy, at selected ages, 1950–2002 .........
14
2.03 Difference between male and female life expectancy, at selected ages, total population,
1950–2002 ................................................................................................................................
14
2.04 International comparison of life expectancy at birth ..................................................................
15
2.05 Chance of survival from birth to selected ages, total, Mäori and non-Mäori populations,
2000–2002 ................................................................................................................................
22
2.06 Infant mortality rate, total population, 1950–2002 .....................................................................
22
2.07 Mortality rates by cause of death, total population, 1980–2000 ................................................
25
viii
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
List of tables (continued)
Part 4
4.01 Life expectancy at birth, regional councils and selected territorial authorities,
1990–1992, 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 ..................................................................................
36
4.02 Life expectancy at age 65 years, regional councils and selected territorial authorities,
1990–1992, 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 ..................................................................................
39
4.03 Standardised death rates, regional councils and territorial authorities, 1995–1997 and
2000–2002 ................................................................................................................................
41
Part 5
5.01 New Zealand life expectancy at birth, abridged and complete life tables ..................................
49
List of figures
Part 1
1.01 Selected Mäori population measures, 1951–2001 ....................................................................
4
1.02 Deaths by ethnicity of deceased, 1991–2003 ...........................................................................
5
1.03 Live births by ethnicity of child, 1991–2003...............................................................................
5
Part 2
2.01 Cumulative deaths by age and sex, total population, 1950–1952 and 2000–2002 ...................
11
2.02 Life expectancy at birth, 1901–2002 .........................................................................................
12
2.03 Five-yearly change in life expectancy at birth, total population, 1950–2002 .............................
12
2.04 Age contribution to longevity gain, total population, 1995–1997 to 2000–2002 ........................
16
2.05 Age contribution to longevity gain, total population, 1975–1977 to 2000–2002 ........................
16
2.06 Age contribution to longevity gain, Mäori population, 1995–1997 to 2000–2002 ......................
17
2.07 Age contribution to Mäori/non-Mäori longevity difference, 2000–2002 .....................................
17
2.08 Age-specific death rates, total population, 2000–2002 .............................................................
18
2.09 Male age-specific death rates, total population, 1950–1952, 1975–1977 and 2000–2002 .......
18
2.10 Female age-specific death rates, total population, 1950–1952, 1975–1977 and 2000–2002 ...
19
2.11 Death rates at selected ages, total population, 1950–2002 ......................................................
19
2.12 Decrease in age-specific death rates, total population, 1950–1952 to 1975–1977 ...................
20
2.13 Decrease in age-specific death rates, total population, 1975–1977 to 2000–2002 ...................
20
2.14 Age-specific death rates, Mäori and non-Mäori populations, 2000–2002 .................................
21
2.15 Chance of survival from birth to selected ages, 2000–2002 .....................................................
21
2.16 Deaths by cause, total population, 2000 ...................................................................................
23
Part 3
3.01 Comparison of actual and smoothed mortality rates, male, 2000–2002 ...................................
31
Part 4
4.01 Male life expectancy at birth, regional councils, 2000–2002 .....................................................
34
4.02 Female life expectancy at birth, regional councils, 2000–2002 .................................................
35
4.03 Male and female life expectancy at birth, regional councils, 1990–1992 ..................................
37
4.04 Male and female life expectancy at birth, regional councils, 1995–1997 ..................................
37
4.05 Male and female life expectancy at birth, regional councils, 2000–2002 ..................................
37
4.06 Life expectancy at birth, selected territorial authorities, 2000–2002 ..........................................
40
4.07 Male life expectancy v smoking propensity ...............................................................................
43
4.08 Female life expectancy v smoking propensity ...........................................................................
43
Part 5
5.01 Observed and smoothed male death rates, Franklin District, 2000–2002 ................................
49
ix
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
x
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Introduction
This report consists of five parts. Part 1 consists of background information on life tables, including
discussion of changes in the measurement of ethnic deaths and population. Part 2 presents the main
results on longevity and mortality trends at the national level for the Mäori, non-Mäori and total New
Zealand populations. Part 3 outlines the methodology used for constructing the latest complete life
tables. Part 4 presents a summary of longevity and mortality trends for the total population of subnational
areas (regional councils and territorial authorities). Part 5 outlines the methodology used for constructing
the latest abridged life tables and standardised death rates of subnational areas.
Complete life tables for 2000–2002 for the Mäori, non-Mäori and total populations are contained in
Appendix 1, while the corresponding 1995–1997 complete life tables (revised) are contained in
Appendix 2. Supplementary five-year age group life table measures for 1995–1997 (revised) and
2000–2002 are provided in Appendix 3.
Life tables are one of the basic demographic tools for analysing mortality. They are a tabular numerical
representation of mortality and survivorship of a cohort at each age of life. Most life tables are based
on current mortality rates, and such tables are called period, current or cross-sectional life tables.
Every five years, Statistics New Zealand produces complete period life tables using average mortality
rates for three successive years centred on a census year. A complete life table presents functions for
each single-year of age.
In every non-census year, Statistics New Zealand produces an abridged period life table using mortality
rates for three successive years centred on a non-census year. This abridged life table presents
functions for five-year age groups rather than for single years of age, although ages 0 and 1–4 years
are identified separately.
Period life tables assume that as a cohort passes through life, it experiences the age-specific mortality
rates of a given period. Although these tables are usually based on death rates from a real population
during a particular period of time, they are a hypothetical model of mortality, as they do not describe
the real mortality which characterises a cohort as it ages.
Cohort (or generation) life tables are based on the actual mortality experience of a particular cohort
(eg all people born in the year 1900). These tables require data over many years, theoretically until
the death of the last survivor.
All life tables presented in this report are period life tables. They show the mortality experience of a
hypothetical group of newborn babies, assuming that they experience the observed mortality rates of
the given period throughout their lives. The derived life expectancies give an indication of the average
longevity of the population but do not necessarily reflect the longevity of an individual.
1
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
2
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Part 1:
Background
This part discusses important data issues which affect the historical comparability of life tables. These
include the revision of 1995–1997 life tables, as well as changes in the measurement of ethnicity and
the population since 1950–1952 (the first period for which Mäori and total New Zealand life tables
were prepared). The measurement of ethnic mortality was particularly affected by the introduction of
new death (and birth) registration forms in 1995. Issues with the preparation of life tables for subnational
areas are also covered.
Revised 1995–1997 life tables
The 1995–1997 complete life tables for the total New Zealand, Mäori and non-Mäori populations
published in July 1998 have been revised. For all populations, the revision incorporates updated
population estimates (at 30 June 1996) and a revised method of estimating death rates at the oldest
ages. For the Mäori life tables, smooth adjustment factors presented in Ajwani (2003) have been
applied to Mäori deaths by age to allow for under-reporting of Mäori deaths (relative to the Mäori
population). For the non-Mäori life tables, corresponding adjustments have been applied to nonMäori deaths by age. These adjustment factors affect Mäori life expectancy at birth by about 0.7
years and non-Mäori life expectancy at birth by about 0.1 years.
The 1995–1997 abridged life tables for regional councils published in September 1998 have also
been revised. For all regions, the revision incorporates updated population estimates (at 30 June
1996) and an alternative method of smoothing death rates across age (Brass’ Logit System).
All 1995–1997 data in this report are from the revised life tables.
Ethnic life tables
Ethnic concept
The ethnic concept used in the 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 life tables is the ethnic group or groups
that people identify with, or feel they belong to. Ethnicity is self-perceived and people can belong to
more than one ethnic group. For example, people may identify with the Mäori ethnicity even though
they may not be descended from a Mäori ancestor. Conversely, people may choose to not identify
with the Mäori ethnicity even though they are descended from a Mäori ancestor. Ethnicity does not
equate to a birthplace description.
In the Census of Population and Dwellings, ethnicity is identified by the person completing the census
form. In the case of births and deaths, ethnicity is identified by the person completing the registration
form. For births this is usually the parent(s), while for deaths this is most likely to be the funeral
director (on the advice of a family member).
Different ethnic concepts were used for Mäori and non-Mäori life tables before 1995–1997. These are
discussed further in the following sections.
Changes to census forms
The ethnicity question used in the five-yearly Census of Population and Dwellings has had frequent
changes in the wording of the instructions and tick-box categories. For an extensive list of historical
census questionnaires, refer to Statistics New Zealand (2001). Before 1986, respondents were asked
to identify their race or ‘degree of blood’ in terms of ethnic fractions. From 1986, respondents were
asked to identify their ethnic affiliation via tick-box and/or write-in options, but without indicating the
relative strength of affiliation. Moreover, the wording of recent census ethnic questions has varied:
●
1986: What is your ethnic origin? Tick the box or boxes which apply to you.
●
1991: Which ethnic group do you belong to? Tick the box or boxes which apply to you.
●
1996: Tick as many circles as you need to show which ethnic group(s) you belong to.
●
2001: Which ethnic group do you belong to? Mark the space or spaces which apply to you.
3
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Changes to population measures
The 1996 Census was the first to be followed by a post-enumeration survey which provided estimates
of census coverage (net census undercount). This was a catalyst for Statistics New Zealand adopting
the resident population concept for population estimates, projections and demographic indices. The
‘estimated resident population’ is the best available measure of the population that usually lives in an
area. It is based on the census usually resident population count with adjustments for non-response
to the census ethnicity question, net census undercount and residents temporarily overseas on census
night. The estimated resident population is not directly comparable with census counts because
of these adjustments.
Figure 1.01
Selected Mäori Population Measures
1951–2001
600
(000)
500
400
census night population count of any degree of Mäori blood
census usually resident population count of Mäori ethnicity
estimated resident population of Mäori ethnicity
census night population count of '½ or more' Mäori blood
census usually resident population count of single response Mäori ethnicity
census usually resident population count of unspecified ethnicity
300
200
100
0
1951
1956
1961
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
Note: Census counts at census date and population estimates at 30 June.
Changes to birth and death registration forms
In September 1995, new birth and death registration forms were introduced carrying a revised question
on ethnicity. Previously the ethnic question on the death registration form asked for the degree of
Mäori or “Pacific Island” blood, if any, of the deceased person’s parents. The new ethnic question,
which is the same in principle to the ethnic question in the 1996 Census, instructs the respondent to
“tick as many circles as needed to show which ethnic group(s) deceased belonged to”. This has
resulted in a number of changes:
●
●
●
●
●
the ethnic concept is now self-identified ethnicity (previously Mäori and Pacific respondents were
classified by their ‘degree of blood’)
ethnic vital statistics are now available for a wider range of ethnic groups (previously information
was sought only for Mäori and Pacific groups)
ethnic data is now directly available for newborn babies and the deceased (in both cases this was
previously derived from their parent’s ethnicity)
multiple response to the ethnicity question is now possible (previously the degree of Mäori or
Pacific blood, but not both, could be identified)
non-response to the ethnicity question can now be quantified.
4
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
The introduction of the new registration forms has resulted in a significant increase in the number of
deaths (figure 1.02) and births (figure 1.03) of each ethnicity.
Figure 1.02
Deaths by Ethnicity of Deceased
1991–2003
3.0
Registrations (000)
Mäori ethnicity
2.5
Single response Mäori ethnicity
2.0
Any degree of Mäori blood
1.5
'½ or more' Mäori blood
1.0
Deceased's ethnicity unspecified
'Full' Mäori blood
0.5
Pacific ethnicity
Any degree of Pacific blood
0.0
1991
Asian ethnicity
'Full' Pacific blood
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Notes:
1. December year data, except for 1995 which is September year.
2. Data before 1996 are deaths registered in New Zealand of people resident in New Zealand and people visiting from overseas.
3. Data from 1996 are deaths registered in New Zealand of people resident in New Zealand.
4. From 1996, deaths with more than one ethnicity are included in each ethnic group.
5. ‘Single response Mäori ethnicity’ refers to deaths with Mäori ethnicity only.
Figure 1.03
Live Births by Ethnicity of Child
1991–2003
18
Registrations (000)
Mäori ethnicity
16
Any degree of Mäori blood
14
12
10
Pacific ethnicity
8
'½ or more' Mäori blood
Single response Mäori ethnicity
6
Any degree of Pacific blood
4
Asian ethnicity
'Full' Pacific blood
2
0
1991
Child's ethnicity unspecified
'Full' Mäori blood
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Notes:
1. December year data, except for 1995 which is September year.
2. Data before 1996 are births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand and mothers visiting from overseas.
3. Data from 1996 are births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand.From 1996, births with more than one ethnicity are included
in each ethnic group.
4. ‘Single response Mäori ethnicity’ refers to births with Mäori ethnicity only.
5. Data for 1998 are lower than expected because of a small change in the rate at which births were registered during 1998.
5
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Availability and comparability of ethnic life tables
Statistics New Zealand has produced life tables for the Mäori and non-Mäori populations in addition
to life tables for the total New Zealand population. Following the introduction of new birth and death
registration forms in September 1995, Statistics New Zealand has also evaluated the production of
life tables for other ethnic groups such as Asian and Pacific. However, life tables for other ethnicities
have not been produced because of the small number of death registrations and uncertainty associated
with ethnic identification and measurement. For example, a person’s ethnic identity can change over
time and between different data collections, depending on the respondent and the context of collection.
Ethnic mortality measures should therefore be interpreted with due caution.
Historical Mäori and non-Mäori life tables should be interpreted with caution because of changes in
ethnic concept and data sources. There is evidence that Mäori deaths were significantly under-reported,
and hence non-Mäori deaths were over-reported, before the new vitals registration forms were
introduced in 1995. Following the redesign of the forms, death registrations and population data are
broadly comparable for ethnic groups. The 1995–1997 Mäori and non-Mäori life tables published in
July 1998 were the first to be constructed using data derived from the new registration forms. However,
because numerator-denominator ethnic differences are significant before 1995–1997, ethnic mortality
measures from 1995–1997 are not comparable with those from earlier years. For alternative
estimates of life expectancy of different ethnic populations before 1995–1997, see Ajwani (2003).
Note, however, that these estimates may not be directly comparable to mortality measures produced
by Statistics New Zealand because of differences in both the deaths numerator and population
denominator.
Table 1.01
Summary of Different Ethnic Concepts, Deaths Measures and Population Measures
In New Zealand complete life tables
1950–2002
Period
Ethnic concept
Deaths measure
Population measure
2000–2002
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with Mäori ethnicity and the
population of Mäori ethnicity. NonMäori life tables based on deaths
and population not included in the
Mäori life tables. Both the Mäori and
non-Mäori life tables make an
allowance for deaths and population
with no ethnic response.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand.
Estimated resident
population at
30 June 2001
(based on census
usually resident
population count
at 6 March 2001).
1995–1997
revised
revised
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with Mäori ethnicity and the
population of Mäori ethnicity. NonMäori life tables based on deaths
and population not included in the
Mäori life tables. Both the Mäori and
non-Mäori life tables make an
allowance for deaths and population
with no ethnic response. An
adjustment made to Mäori/nonMäori deaths for undercount of
Mäori deaths using the adjustment
ratios presented in Ajwani (2003).
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand.
Estimated resident
population at
30 June 1996
revised (based on
census usually
resident population
count at 5 March
1996).
1995–1997
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with Mäori ethnicity and the
population of Mäori ethnicity. NonMäori life tables based on deaths
and population not included in the
Mäori life tables, including deaths
and population with no ethnic
response.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand.
Estimated resident
population at
30 June 1996
(based on census
usually resident
population count
at 5 March 1996).
6
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Period
Ethnic concept
Deaths measure
Population measure
1990–1992
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with any degree of Mäori
blood and the population of Mäori
ethnicity. Non-Mäori life tables
based on deaths and population not
included in the Mäori life tables,
including deaths with no indication of
the degree of Mäori blood and
population with no ethnic response.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting
from overseas.
Census usually
resident population
count at 5 March
1991.
1985–1987
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with 'half or more Mäori
blood' and the population of 'single
ethnic response' Mäori. Non-Mäori
life tables based on deaths and
population not included in the Mäori
life tables, including deaths with no
indication of the degree of Mäori
blood and including population with
no ethnic response.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting
from overseas.
Estimated de facto
population mean
year ended
31 December
1985–1987 (based
on census night
population count
at 4 March 1986).
1980–1982
revised
revised
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with 'half or more Mäori
blood' and the population of 'half or
more Mäori blood'. Non-Mäori life
tables based on deaths and
population not included in the Mäori
life tables, including deaths and
population with no indication of the
degree of Mäori blood. No
adjustment made to Mäori/nonMäori deaths for undercount of
Mäori deaths.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting
from overseas.
Estimated de facto
population mean
year ended
31 December
1980–1982 (based
on census night
population count at
24 March 1981).
1980–1982
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with any degree of Mäori
blood and the population of 'half or
more Mäori blood'. Deaths with any
degree of Mäori blood were used as
a proxy adjustment for the
undercount of Mäori 'half or more'
deaths. Non-Mäori life tables based
on deaths and population not
included in the Mäori life tables,
including deaths and population with
no indication of the degree of Mäori
blood.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting
from overseas.
Estimated de facto
population mean
year ended
31 December
1980–1982 (based
on census night
population count at
24 March 1981).
1975–1977
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with 'half or more Mäori
blood' and the population of 'half or
more Mäori blood'. Non-Mäori life
tables based on deaths and
population not included in the Mäori
life tables, including deaths and
population with no indication of the
degree of Mäori blood.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting
from overseas.
Estimated de facto
population mean
year ended
31 December
1975–1977 (based
on census night
population count at
23 March 1976).
7
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Period
Ethnic concept
Deaths measure
Population measure
1970–1972
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with 'half or more Mäori blood'
and the population of 'half or more
Mäori blood'. Non-Mäori life tables
based on deaths and population not
included in the Mäori life tables,
including deaths and population with
no indication of the degree of Mäori
blood.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting from
overseas.
Estimated de facto
population mean
year ended
31 December
1970–1972 (based
on census night
population count at
23 March 1971).
1965–1967
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with 'half or more Mäori blood'
and the population of 'half or more
Mäori blood'. Non-Mäori life tables
based on deaths and population not
included in the Mäori life tables,
including deaths and population with
no indication of the degree of Mäori
blood.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting from
overseas.
Estimated de facto
population mean
year ended
31 December
1965–1967 (based
on census night
population count at
22 March 1966).
1960–1962
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with 'half or more Mäori blood
provided that the remaining blood is
European or Polynesian' and the
population of 'half or more Mäori
blood provided that the remaining
blood is European or Polynesian'.
Non-Mäori life tables based on
deaths and population not included in
the Mäori life tables, including deaths
and population with no indication of
the degree of Mäori blood.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting from
overseas.
Estimated de facto
population mean
year ended
31 December
1960–1962 (based
on census night
population count at
18 April 1961).
1955–1957
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with 'half or more Mäori blood
provided that the remaining blood is
European or Polynesian' and the
population of 'half or more Mäori
blood provided that the remaining
blood is European or Polynesian'.
Non-Mäori life tables based on
deaths and population not included in
the Mäori life tables, including deaths
and population with no indication of
the degree of Mäori blood.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting from
overseas.
Estimated de facto
population at
30 June 1956
(based on census
night population
count at 17 April
1956).
1950–1952
Mäori life tables based on deaths of
people with 'half or more Mäori blood
provided that the remaining blood is
European or Polynesian' and the
population of 'half or more Mäori
blood provided that the remaining
blood is European or Polynesian'.
Non-Mäori life tables based on
deaths and population not included in
the Mäori life tables, including deaths
and population with no indication of
the degree of Mäori blood.
Deaths registered
in New Zealand of
people resident in
New Zealand and
people visiting from
overseas.
Estimated de facto
population at
30 June 1951
(based on census
night population
count at 17 April
1951).
8
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Subnational life tables
For most subnational areas, death and population numbers are too small to construct reliable complete
life tables. However, abridged life tables, which involve death and population data by age groups
(0, 1–4, 5–9, ... 80–84, 85+ years), have been constructed for subnational areas. Nevertheless,
even the abridged life tables must be interpreted with caution. Death and population numbers
can fluctuate from year to year. In addition, the stated residence of the deceased may not reflect the
geographic area(s) where that person spent most of their life.
For many subnational areas, death and population numbers are also too small to construct reliable
abridged life tables. Standardised death rates provide an alternative summary measure of the mortality
experience of each area. Like life tables, they allow for the different age-sex composition of each
area. Standardised death rates have been calculated for all regional councils and territorial authorities
of New Zealand for the periods 1995–1997 and 2000–2002.
A summary of subnational mortality and longevity trends from 1990–1992 to 2000–2002 is included
in this report. The 1990–1992 life tables use a different population measure than later periods (table
1.02). More detailed results, including abridged life tables for various regions and territorial authority
areas, are available on request (email: [email protected], freephone: 0508 525 525).
Table 1.02
Summary of Different Deaths Measures and Population Measures
In subnational abridged life tables
1990–2002
Period
Deaths measure
Population measure
2000–2002
Deaths registered in
New Zealand of people
resident in each area.
Estimated resident population
of each area at 30 June 2001
(based on census usually
resident population count of
each area at 6 March 2001).
1995–1997
revised
revised
Deaths registered in
New Zealand of people
resident in each area.
Estimated resident population
of each area at 30 June 1996
revised (based on census
usually resident population count
of each area at 5 March 1996).
1995–1997
Deaths registered in
New Zealand of people
resident in each area.
Estimated resident population
of each area at 30 June 1996
(based on census usually
resident population count of
each area at 5 March 1996).
1990–1992
Deaths registered in
New Zealand of people
resident in each area.
Census usually resident
population count of each area
at 5 March 1991.
9
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
10
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Part 2:
National trends in longevity and mortality
This part presents a summary of mortality and longevity trends of the total population, Mäori population
and non-Mäori population of New Zealand. Official complete life tables for New Zealand were first
produced for the period 1880–1892, although these were for the non-Mäori population only. For
periods from 1950–1952, complete life tables have been prepared for the total New Zealand and
Mäori populations, in addition to life tables for the non-Mäori population. It is important to note that
changes to ethnic concepts, deaths measures and population measures affect the historical
comparability of these life tables, particularly those relating to the Mäori population (see Part 1:
Background, including table 1.01).
Age distribution of deaths
There were 82,550 deaths of New Zealand residents registered during the 2000–2002 period,
comprising 41,756 male deaths and 40,794 female deaths. More than three-quarters of these deaths
were of people aged 65 years and over (figure 2.01). The proportion of male deaths occurring at age
65 years and over increased from 57 percent in 1950–1952 to 73 percent in 2000–2002, while the
percentage of female deaths occurring at age 65 years and over increased from 62 to 82 percent
over the same period.
In the 2000–2002 period, there were more male deaths in the 65–79 year age group than in the 80
years and over age group. In contrast, the number of female deaths at age 80 years and over was
almost double the number of female deaths in the 65–79 year age group.
Children (those under 15 years) accounted for 2 percent of deaths in 2000–2002, whereas they
accounted for 11 percent of deaths in 1950–1952 and 5 percent of deaths in 1975–1977. Infants
(under one year old) account for about two-thirds of the deaths of children. Ages between 15 and 29
years accounted for another 2 percent of deaths in 2000–2002, with 72 percent of these being male.
Figure 2.01
Cumulative Deaths by Age and Sex
Total population
1950–1952 and 2000–2002
Percent
100
80
Females, 1950-1952
60
Males, 1950-1952
40
Males, 2000-2002
20
Females, 2000-2002
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Age (years)
11
60
70
80
90
100
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
New Zealand life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth was 76.3 years for males and 81.1 years for females in 2000–2002 (table
2.01 and figure 2.02). Male life expectancy increased by 1.9 years from 74.4 years in 1995–1997.
Female life expectancy increased by 1.4 years from 79.7 years in 1995–1997. The five-yearly increase
in male life expectancy between 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 was the highest recorded during the last
century. Over the last quarter of a century (1975–1977 to 2000–2002), male life expectancy at birth
increased by 7.3 years. This compares with an increase of only 1.8 years in the previous 25 years,
during which male life expectancy at birth decreased slightly between 1960–1962 and 1965–1967
(as a result of an increase in mortality rates from heart disease, cancer and motor vehicle accidents).
Female life expectancy at birth increased by 5.7 years between 1975–1977 and 2000–2002. Like
males, the female gain was greater than that seen in the previous 25-year period, when female life
expectancy at birth increased by 4.2 years.
Figure 2.02
Life Expectancy at Birth
1901–2002
85
Years of life
Non-Mäori population
Total population
80
Female
75
70
65
Male
60
55
50
0
1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
Note: Life tables before 1950 were prepared for the non-Mäori population only.
Figure 2.03
Five-yearly Change in Life Expectancy at Birth
Total population
1950–2002
2.0
Years of life
1.5
Male
Female
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
1950–1952
1955–1957
1960–1962
1965–1967
1970–1972
1975–1977
1980–1982
1985–1987
1990–1992
1995–1997
to
1955–1957
to
1960–1962
to
1965–1967
to
1970–1972
to
1975–1977
to
1980–1982
to
1985–1987
to
1990–1992
to
1995–1997
to
2000–2002
Mäori and non-Mäori life expectancy
The 2000–2002 life tables indicate that a newborn Mäori boy can expect to live 69.0 years and a
newborn Mäori girl 73.2 years (table 2.01). This is an increase of 2.4 years for males and 1.9 years for
females over the revised 1995–1997 figures of 66.6 years and 71.3 years for males and females,
respectively.
For non-Mäori in 2000–2002, a newborn boy can expect to live 77.2 years and a newborn girl
81.9 years. This is an increase of 1.8 years for males and 1.3 years for females over the revised
1995–1997 figures of 75.4 years for non-Mäori males and 80.6 years for non-Mäori females.
12
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Mäori and non-Mäori life expectancy figures for 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 are not directly comparable
with figures for 1990–1992 and earlier. This is mainly because of the impact of the new ethnicity
question on the birth and death registration forms which were implemented in September 1995. More
details on the new forms are contained in Part 1 (Background) of this report.
Table 2.01
Life Expectancy at Selected Ages
Total, Mäori and non-Mäori populations
1950–2002
Period
Male at Exact Age (years)
0
25
45
65
Female at Exact Age (years)
85
0
25
45
65
85
Total (years of life)
1950-1952
1955-1957
67.2
68.0
46.2
46.6
27.9
28.1
12.8
12.9
3.9
4.1
71.3
73.0
49.4
50.6
30.8
31.7
14.8
15.3
4.2
4.6
1960-1962
68.4
46.5
28.0
12.8
3.9
73.8
51.0
32.1
15.5
4.5
1965-1967
68.2
46.0
27.5
12.6
4.1
74.3
51.2
32.3
15.8
4.7
1970-1972
68.5
46.2
27.6
12.6
4.0
74.6
51.5
32.6
15.9
4.7
1975-1977
69.0
46.6
28.1
12.8
3.9
75.5
52.2
33.2
16.6
5.0
1980-1982
70.4
47.5
28.9
13.3
4.3
76.4
53.0
33.9
17.1
5.5
1985-1987
71.1
48.2
29.6
13.7
4.5
77.1
53.5
34.4
17.4
5.6
1990-1992
72.9
49.8
31.1
14.8
5.0
78.7
54.8
35.6
18.5
6.1
1995-1997
74.4
51.0
32.2
15.6
4.9
79.7
55.7
36.5
19.1
6.2
2000-2002
76.3
52.6
33.8
16.7
5.2
81.1
57.0
37.7
20.0
6.5
12.2
11.1
11.8
12.5
12.1
13.4
13.9
15.1
15.4
4.0
4.2
4.5
5.0
4.3
4.7
5.0
5.1
5.6
Mäori(1) (years of life)
Life tables based on pre-1995 death registration form
1950-1952
1955-1957
1960-1962
1965-1967
1970-1972
1975-1977
1980-1982
1985-1987
1990-1992
54.0
57.2
59.0
61.4
61.0
63.3
65.1
67.4
68.0
38.3
39.8
39.8
40.7
39.6
41.2
42.7
44.8
45.2
22.5
23.2
23.1
23.4
22.6
23.7
24.8
26.6
27.0
10.5
10.7
10.7
10.6
10.7
11.0
11.3
12.3
12.7
3.4
3.9
3.5
3.4
3.5
4.2
3.9
4.2
4.6
55.9
58.7
61.4
64.8
65.0
67.7
69.5
72.3
73.0
39.2
39.7
40.6
42.7
42.8
44.9
46.5
49.0
49.2
23.3
22.7
23.5
24.9
25.1
26.7
28.1
30.2
30.4
Life tables based on death registration form introduced in September 1995
1995-1997
2000-2002
66.6
69.0
43.7
45.6
25.6
27.3
11.7
12.7
3.6
4.2
71.3
73.2
47.8
49.3
29.1
30.4
14.1
15.1
4.9
5.2
14.8
15.3
15.5
15.9
16.0
16.7
17.2
17.5
18.6
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.7
5.1
5.5
5.6
6.1
Non-Mäori(1) (years of life)
Life tables based on pre-1995 death registration form
1950-1952
1955-1957
1960-1962
1965-1967
1970-1972
1975-1977
1980-1982
1985-1987
1990-1992
68.3
68.9
69.2
68.7
69.1
69.4
70.8
71.4
73.4
46.6
46.9
46.9
46.3
46.5
46.9
47.8
48.4
50.1
28.1
28.3
28.2
27.7
27.9
28.2
29.1
29.7
31.4
12.9
12.9
12.8
12.6
12.6
12.9
13.4
13.7
14.9
3.9
4.1
3.9
4.2
4.0
3.9
4.4
4.6
5.0
72.4
73.9
74.5
74.8
75.2
75.9
76.9
77.4
79.2
49.8
51.0
51.5
51.6
51.9
52.6
53.3
53.8
55.2
31.1
32.0
32.4
32.6
32.8
33.5
34.2
34.6
36.0
Life tables based on death registration form introduced in September 1995
1995-1997
2000-2002
75.4
77.2
51.7
53.3
32.8
34.4
15.8
16.9
4.9
5.2
80.6
81.9
56.5
57.7
37.1
38.3
19.3
20.2
(1) Comparisons over time and between Mäori and non-Mäori should be interpreted with caution
because of changes in ethnic concept and data sources, as summarised in Table 1.01.
13
6.2
6.5
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Mäori/non-Mäori differentials in life expectancy
During the period 1995–1997 to 2000–2002, Mäori life expectancy increased more than non-Mäori
life expectancy. As a result, the non-Mäori advantage over Mäori in life expectancy at birth has narrowed
slightly (table 2.02). Revised life tables for 1995–1997 suggest the difference was 8.8 years for males
and 9.3 years for females. This has decreased by about half a year to 8.2 years for males and 8.8
years for females in 2000–2002.
Table 2.02
Difference between Mäori and Non-Mäori Life Expectancy
At selected ages
1950–2002
Period
Male at Exact Age (years)
0
25
45
Female at Exact Age (years)
65
85
0
Non-Mäori minus Mäori
(1)
25
45
65
85
7.7
9.3
8.9
7.7
7.7
6.8
6.1
4.4
5.6
2.7
4.3
3.7
3.4
3.9
3.3
3.4
2.4
3.2
0.3
0.4
0.0
-0.3
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.5
5.3
5.2
1.2
1.3
(years of life)
Life tables based on pre-1995 death registration form
1950-1952
1955-1957
1960-1962
1965-1967
1970-1972
1975-1977
1980-1982
1985-1987
1990-1992
14.3
11.7
10.1
7.2
8.1
6.0
5.7
3.9
5.4
8.3
7.1
7.0
5.6
6.9
5.7
5.2
3.6
4.9
1995-1997
2000-2002
8.8
8.2
8.1
7.8
5.6
5.1
5.0
4.3
5.3
4.5
4.4
3.1
4.4
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.4
2.2
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.7
0.5
-0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
16.6
15.2
13.1
10.1
10.2
8.1
7.3
5.1
6.2
10.6
11.3
10.8
8.9
9.1
7.7
6.8
4.8
6.0
Life tables based on death registration form introduced in September 1995
7.2
7.1
4.0
4.2
1.3
1.1
9.3
8.8
8.7
8.4
8.0
7.9
(1) Comparisons over time and between Mäori and non-Mäori should be interpreted with caution because of changes in ethnic concept
and data sources, as summarised in Table 1.01.
Male-female difference in life expectancy
Prior to 1975–1977, female life expectancy generally increased faster than that for males. As a result,
the difference between female and male life expectancy at birth increased from 4.1 years in 1950–
1952 to a peak of 6.4 years in 1975–1977 (table 2.03). Since then, male life expectancy has been
increasing faster and in 2000–2002 the difference had narrowed to 4.8 years. The life expectancy at
birth of males in 2000–2002 was attained 20 years earlier by females.
Table 2.03
Difference between Male and Female Life Expectancy
At selected ages, total population
1950–2002
Period
Exact Age (years)
0
25
45
65
85
Female minus male (years of life)
1950-1952
1955-1957
1960-1962
1965-1967
1970-1972
1975-1977
1980-1982
1985-1987
1990-1992
1995-1997
2000-2002
4.1
5.0
5.3
6.1
6.0
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.3
4.8
3.2
4.0
4.5
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.4
2.9
3.6
4.1
4.8
4.9
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.3
3.8
2.0
2.4
2.7
3.3
3.4
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.3
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.5
0.7
1.1
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
Note: Owing to rounding, some figures in this table may differ from the corresponding
figures obtained from other tables.
14
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Females also have a longevity advantage over males among both Mäori and non-Mäori. For the
Mäori population, male life expectancy increased more than female life expectancy between the
periods 1995–1997 and 2000–2002. As a consequence the female longevity advantage decreased
from 4.7 years in 1995–1997 to 4.2 years in 2000–2002. Among non-Mäori, females can expect to
outlive males by 4.8 years in 2000–2002, down from 5.2 years in 1995–1997.
The closing gap between male and female life expectancy has also been observed overseas, such
as in Australia where the gap peaked at about seven years in the 1970s and early 1980s, but has
declined to just over five years in 2000–2002 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2003b). Similarly, the
difference between male and female life expectancies at birth in the United Kingdom decreased from
6.0 years in 1980–1982 to 4.7 years in 2000–2002 (Government Actuary’s Department, 2004).
International comparison of life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth in New Zealand is higher than in the United States and the United Kingdom
(table 2.04). However New Zealand male life expectancy is about two years lower than in Hong Kong
and Japan and about a year lower than in Australia. The difference is greater for female life expectancy,
with New Zealand almost four years lower than Hong Kong and Japan and one and a half years lower
than Australia. Despite the lower life expectancy compared with some countries, higher life expectancy
gains in New Zealand over the last five-year period mean the gap has closed. In fact the high gains
over the last five-year period have seen New Zealand life expectancy surpass that for the Netherlands,
and New Zealand female life expectancy also surpass that for the United Kingdom. Between 1995–
1997 and 2000–2002, newborn male New Zealanders gained about an extra year of life compared
with Sweden, Japan and the Netherlands, while newborn females gained about an extra year of life
compared with the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
Table 2.04
International Comparison of Life Expectancy at Birth
Country
Period
Male
Female
Years of life
Australia
France
Hong Kong (SAR)
Japan
Netherlands
NEW ZEALAND
Singapore
Sweden
United Kingdom
United States
2000-2002
2001(1)
2001
2001
2001
2000-2002
2001
1999-2003
2000-2002
2001
77.4
75.5
78.4
78.1
75.8
76.3
76.4
77.5
75.7
74.4
Source: Refer to References section
(1) Provisional
15
82.6
82.9
84.6
84.9
80.7
81.1
80.3
82.3
80.4
79.8
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Age contribution to longevity differences
It is possible to determine the contribution that each age group has made to longevity differences
between periods or between populations (eg Mäori and non-Mäori). This comparison involves
calculating and comparing “hypothetical or temporary” life expectancies at each age. Hypothetical life
expectancy is the average number of years that a group of people will live from age x to x + i years
(where i is the age interval). For further methodological details on this process see Arriaga (1984).
The gains in life expectancy at birth between 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 were due largely to the
reduction in death rates among the late working ages (50–64 years) and retirement ages (65–79
years). Reduced death rates among young adults (15–29 years) and the very old (80 years and over,
especially females) also made a significant contribution (figure 2.04).
Figure 2.04
Age Contribution to Longevity Gain
Total population
1995–1997 to 2000–2002
40
Percent of total gain
30
20
Male
Female
10
0
0
1-14
15-29
30-49
50-64
Age group (years)
65-79
80 and over
Over a longer timeframe, between 1975–1977 and 2000–2002, it was also the late working ages
(50–64 years) and retirement ages (65–79 years) which provided the majority of the gain in life
expectancy (figure 2.05). Reduced death rates among infants, the middle ages (30–49 years) and
females aged 80 years and over were also significant.
Figure 2.05
Age Contribution to Longevity Gain
Total population
1975–1977 to 2000–2002
40
Percent of total gain
30
20
Male
Female
10
0
0
1-14
15-29
30-49
50-64
Age group (years)
16
65-79
80 and over
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Between the periods 1995–1997 and 2000–2002, about half of the gain in Mäori life expectancy
resulted from reductions in mortality rates at the late working and retirement ages (50–79 years)
(figure 2.06). Significant contributions also resulted from mortality reductions for those aged 30–49
years and from young adult males (15–29 years).
Figure 2.06
Age Contribution to Longevity Gain
Mäori population
1995–1997 to 2000–2002
Percent of total gain
40
30
20
Male
Female
10
0
0
1-14
15-29
30-49
50-64
Age group (years)
65-79
80 and over
About three-quarters of the difference between Mäori and non-Mäori life expectancy in 2000–2002
was due to lower non-Mäori death rates at ages 45–79 years (figure 2.07). The difference partly
reflects different rates of smoking and diabetes, as well as socio-economic differences. According to
the 1996/1997 New Zealand Health Survey, Mäori people were more than twice as likely to have
been diagnosed with diabetes than European people, and nearly half of all Mäori adults reported that
they were current smokers compared with 23 percent of European adults (Ministry of Health, 1999).
Similarly, the 1996 Census reported that 44 percent of Mäori aged 15 years and over were regular
smokers, compared with 21 percent of non-Mäori (Statistics New Zealand, 1997a).
Figure 2.07
Age Contribution to Mäori/Non-Mäori Longevity Difference
2000–2002
40
Percent of total difference
30
20
Male
Female
10
0
0
1-14
15-29
30-49
50-64
Age group (years)
17
65-79
80+
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Age-specific death rates
Total population
The New Zealand life table is not unusual by international standards. It is characterised by relatively
high death rates in the first year of life (5 to 6 deaths per 1,000 live births). Death rates decrease to
their lowest among ages 8–11 years then increase to a bulge around 20 years of age, especially for
males (figure 2.08). Death rates then change little until the mid-30s for males and the late 20s for
females, when they begin to increase gradually with age. There is 1 death per 100 people at about 60
years of age for males and 65 years of age for females. By about 85 years of age, death rates have
reached 1 death per 10 people. Females experience lower death rates than males at all ages.
Figure 2.08
Age-specific Death Rates
Total population
2000–2002
Deaths per 10,000 population
10,000
1,000
Males
100
Females
10
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
Age (years)
60
70
80
90
100
Change between 1950–1952 and 2000–2002
Between 1950–1952 and 2000–2002, male and female death rates decreased at all ages. However,
the decreases were not uniform across age or time (figures 2.09–2.11). Between 1950–1952 and
1975–1977, male death rates actually increased slightly at ages 17–21 years and at some ages
between 48 and 88 years. The increase in male death rates around 20 years of age accentuated the
‘accident hump’ at age 15–29 years, so-called because accidents (especially motor vehicle accidents)
were the leading cause of death at those ages. An accident hump was also evident among female
death rates around 20 years of age in 1975–1977, although this was smaller than for males. These
humps were still apparent in 1995–1997 but had become little more than a ‘bulge’ by 2000–2002.
Figure 2.09
Male Age-specific Death Rates
Total population
1950–1952, 1975–1977 and 2000–2002
10,000
Deaths per 10,000 population
1,000
1950-1952
100
1975-1977
2000-2002
10
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
Age (years)
18
60
70
80
90
100
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Figure 2.10
Female Age-specific Death Rates
Total population
1950–1952, 1975–1977 and 2000–2002
10,000
Deaths per 10,000 population
1,000
100
1950–1952
1975–1977
2000–2002
10
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
Age (years)
60
70
80
90
100
Figure 2.11
Death Rates at Selected Ages
Total population
1950–2002
Males
1,400
Females
Deaths per 10,000 population
1,400
Deaths per 10,000 population
80 years
1,200
1,200
1,000
1,000
800
80 years
800
70 years
600
400
600
0 years
400
60 years
200
60 years
70 years
200
40 years
0
1950-1952
0 years
1975-1977
0
1950-1952
2000-2002
19
40 years
1975-1977
2000-2002
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Between 1950–1952 and 1975–1977, female death rates declined more than male death rates at
almost all ages above 15 years (figure 2.12). Female death rates decreased by more than 20 percent
at most ages, and by an average of 38 percent under 40 years. For males, the largest percentage
decreases occured under 15 years of age, while little change was recorded between 40 and 90 years
of age. Male death rates around 20 years of age increased.
Figure 2.12
Decrease in Age-specific Death Rates
Total population
1950–1952 to 1975–1977
80
Percent
60
40
Female
20
0
Male
-20
-40
0
10
20
30
40
50
Age (years)
60
70
80
90
100
The pattern of change in age-specific death rates between 1975–1977 and 2000–2002 was broadly
similar for males and females (figure 2.13). For both sexes, all ages experienced declines in death
rates over this period. As for 1950–1952 to 1975–1977, the largest percentage decreases in death
rates between 1975–1977 and 2000–2002 occurred in the youngest ages. Over this 25-year period,
death rates declined by 44–67 percent under 13 years of age. The smallest percentage decreases
for males were experienced around 30 years of age, which conversely experienced high percentage
decreases in death rates between 1950–1952 and 1975–1977. As with the previous 25-year period,
the change in female death rates between 1975–1977 and 2000–2002 was more consistent across
age than for males, averaging about 40 percent.
Figure 2.13
Decrease in Age-specific Death Rates
Total population
1975–1977 to 2000–2002
80
Percent
Male
60
40
Female
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Age (years)
20
60
70
80
90
100
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Mäori and non-Mäori
Non-Mäori experience lower death rates than Mäori at all ages (figure 2.14). Among males aged in
their 50s and females aged in their 50s and 60s, Mäori death rates are roughly three times that of
non-Mäori.
Figure 2.14
Age-specific Death Rates
Mäori and non-Mäori populations
2000–2002
Deaths per 10,000 population
10,000
Mäori male
1,000
Mäori female
100
Non-Mäori male
10
Non-Mäori female
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
Age (years)
60
70
80
90
100
Chance of survival
Based on the 2000–2002 mortality experience, 95 percent of newborn babies can expect to reach 50
years of age (figure 2.15). After that, the chance of survival decreases rapidly, with a faster decline for
males than for females. About 84 percent of newborn boys and 89 percent of newborn girls can
expect to live to 65 years of age. About half of newborn boys are expected to reach 80 years of age,
compared with almost two-thirds of newborn girls. The chance of reaching 100 years is about 1 in 200
for newborn boys and 1 in 50 for newborn girls.
Figure 2.15
Chance of Survival from Birth to Selected Ages
2000–2002
100
Percent
Male
80
Female
60
40
20
0
50
65
80
Age (years)
21
95
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
According to the 2000–2002 life tables, about 96 percent of newborn non-Mäori babies can expect to
reach 50 years of age compared with about 92 percent of newborn Mäori babies (table 2.05). As age
increases, the decrease in the chance of survival is more pronounced for Mäori than for non-Mäori.
About half of newborn non-Mäori boys are expected to reach age 80 years, compared with onequarter of newborn Mäori boys. For females, 67 percent of newborn non-Mäori girls are expected to
reach age 80 years, compared with 38 percent of newborn Mäori girls.
Table 2.05
Chance of Survival from Birth to Selected Ages
Total, Mäori and non-Mäori populations
2000–2002
Exact Age
(years)
Total
Male
Mäori
Female
Male
Non-Mäori
Female
Male
Female
95
86
51
4
97
91
67
10
Percent
50
65
80
95
94
84
49
4
96
89
64
10
90
68
25
1
93
75
38
3
Infant mortality
The New Zealand infant mortality rate has fallen markedly over the last 50 years. For males, the
infant mortality rate decreased from 31.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1950–1952 to 7.2 deaths per
1,000 live births in 1995–1997, and further to 6.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000–2002 (table
2.06). Females experienced a similar improvement, from 25.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1950–
1952 to 6.3 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1995–1997, and further to 5.2 deaths per 1,000 live births
in 2000–2002. The improvement in infant mortality is due to reductions in both the endogenous
(related to the birth process) and exogenous (related to external circumstances) components of mortality
in the first year of life.
Table 2.06
Infant Mortality Rate
Total population
1950–2002
Period
Male
Female
Deaths per 1,000 live births
1950-1952
1955-1957
1960-1962
1965-1967
1970-1972
1975-1977
1980-1982
1985-1987
1990-1992
1995-1997
2000-2002
31.1
27.5
24.9
21.1
18.1
16.9
13.3
11.7
9.2
7.2
6.1
25.4
20.9
19.0
15.5
14.6
12.3
10.8
9.6
6.7
6.3
5.2
The 2000–2002 New Zealand infant mortality rates are a little higher than those in Australia (5.6 for
males and 4.6 for females) and the United Kingdom (6.0 for males and 4.8 for females) for the same
period. They are nearly twice those in Japan, which recorded only 3.3 deaths per 1,000 live births for
males and 2.8 deaths per 1,000 live births for females in 2001. However the New Zealand rates are
lower than those in the United States, which recorded 7.5 deaths per 1,000 live births for males and
6.1 deaths per 1,000 live births for females in 2001.
22
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Causes of death
Diseases of the circulatory system (eg heart attacks, strokes) are the major cause of death in New
Zealand. In the year ended December 2000 (the latest year for which cause of death data has been
processed by the New Zealand Health Information Service), 41 percent of all deaths were due to this
cause (figure 2.16). Cancers were the next biggest cause of death, accounting for 29 percent of
deaths, followed by diseases of the respiratory system (8 percent) and accidents/poisonings/violence
(6 percent). Diabetes, diseases of the nervous and digestive systems, mental disorders and other
causes made up the remaining 16 percent.
Figure 2.16
Deaths by Cause
Total population
2000
Circulatory diseases
Cancer
Respiratory diseases
Accidents/poisonings/violence
Other
0
10
20
30
Percent
23
40
50
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Eighty-six percent of deaths from circulatory diseases in 2000 were of people aged 65 years and
over. Over the last two decades, mortality rates from circulatory diseases have dropped by 40 percent
for males aged 65 years and over and 29 percent for females aged 65 years and over. For those aged
45–64 years the decreases have been greater, at 64 and 62 percent for males and females, respectively
(table 2.07).
In contrast, mortality rates from cancer have shown different trends. For those aged 65 years and
over, the rates in 2000 were higher than those recorded two decades earlier – up 8 percent for males
and up 10 percent for females. For those aged 45–64 years, the rates have decreased by 31 and 23
percent for males and females, respectively, since 1980–1982. Cancer is the leading cause of death
for people aged 45–64 years, accounting for 46 percent of deaths in 2000.
For people aged 15–24 years, accidents/poisonings/violence accounted for about 80 percent of male
deaths and 60 percent of female deaths in 2000. Male deaths outnumbered female deaths from this
cause by about 4 to 1 among the 15–24 year age group. Mortality rates from accidents/poisonings/
violence have dropped by 31 percent for males and 38 percent for females aged 15–24 years since
1980–1982.
24
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table 2.07
Mortality Rates by Cause of Death
Total population
1980–2000
Deaths per 100,000 Persons in Age-sex Group(1)
Age
Group
(years)
Male
Female
1980-1982 1985-1987 1990-1992 1995-1997
1980-1982 1985-1987 1990-1992 1995-1997
2000
0
1-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
All ages
9
1
4
39
569
3,630
421
3
2
4
32
511
3,340
399
8
1
6
30
372
2,838
357
Diseases of the circulatory system(2)
2
0
8
13
1
1
1
1
4
3
7
3
28
27
19
16
284
207
240
202
2,507
2,187
2,836
2,683
319
282
371
365
0
1-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
All ages
9
7
11
33
328
1,446
194
3
7
8
30
324
1,542
208
3
6
8
29
307
1,509
216
4
5
9
22
256
1,517
214
0
1-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
All ages
104
4
5
8
74
935
98
91
2
4
6
66
955
101
0
1-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
All ages
30
23
120
78
76
170
79
0
1-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
All ages
0
1-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
All ages
2000
10
1
2
14
149
2,310
330
5
1
3
12
106
2,166
305
11
0
1
12
91
2,000
283
4
5
6
40
292
920
177
5
4
5
39
282
934
185
4
4
6
34
260
975
189
0
4
6
32
220
952
182
37
2
1
2
42
728
81
Diseases of the respiratory system(4)
29
24
110
70
1
1
3
2
2
0
6
4
3
4
8
5
32
22
48
53
742
488
510
591
83
58
72
84
15
1
1
3
37
519
75
25
1
1
3
29
567
80
11
1
1
2
23
330
49
33
21
138
84
72
157
83
28
20
135
84
64
114
77
Accidents, poisonings, violence(5)
52
34
37
32
14
13
15
16
110
83
35
37
78
75
23
25
57
50
36
29
109
105
175
138
67
59
43
39
30
11
34
23
23
90
31
31
10
34
20
19
86
29
33
9
22
19
18
79
25
1,204
11
13
18
102
562
96
1,084
11
12
20
92
644
102
875
11
10
24
86
620
104
644
8
12
23
83
632
101
Other(6)
636
940
9
11
9
9
21
14
69
73
707
531
109
96
873
9
8
13
68
612
107
614
8
11
13
64
584
104
594
8
9
14
58
655
112
510
7
6
11
57
713
117
1,356
45
153
176
1,149
6,743
888
1,213
44
166
171
1,064
6,639
892
950
40
160
169
870
5,809
834
732
29
136
154
711
5,507
785
All causes
698
1,099
29
34
102
65
148
104
576
684
5,050
4,917
729
745
992
33
58
98
643
4,945
772
674
25
54
91
555
4,437
726
659
24
54
83
471
4,448
716
565
20
35
75
408
4,074
657
Neoplasms(3)
3
4
5
4
7
8
21
41
228
286
1,563
864
221
163
Source: Cause of death data obtained from New Zealand Health Information Service annual reports 'Mortality and Demographic Data'.
(1) Rates calculated on an average annual basis.
(3) Cancers.
(5) Motor vehicle accidents, suicides, homicides, falls, etc.
(2) Heart attacks, strokes, etc.
(4) Pneumonia, influenza, lung-related problems, etc.
(6) Diabetes, diseases of nervous and digestive systems & other diseases.
Note: The population used for 1980-1982 and 1985-1987 was the mean estimated de facto population for the December years; for
1990-1992 it was the 1991 census night population count; for 1995-1997 it was the estimated resident population at 30 June 1996
(revised); and for 2000 it was the mean estimated resident population for the December 2000 year.
25
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
26
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Part 3:
National methodology
This part details the data and methods used to derive the 1995–1997 (revised) and 2000–2002
complete life tables presented in this report.
Data
The data used to construct the 1995–1997 (revised) and 2000–2002 complete life tables comprised:
a. deaths registered in New Zealand of people resident in New Zealand in the December years
1995–1997 and 2000–2002, respectively, by single-year of age, sex and ethnicity
b. live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in New Zealand in the December years
1994–1997 and 1999–2002, respectively, by sex and ethnicity
c. the estimated resident population of New Zealand at 30 June 1996 and 30 June 2001, respectively,
by single-year of age, sex and ethnicity.
Deaths numerator
The life tables were compiled from deaths registered, rather than deaths occurring, in each respective
three-year period. Most death statistics refer to registrations rather than occurrences for a given time
period, because of the time lag between when the death occurred and when it is registered. Hence,
the number of death registrations can be confirmed before the number of death occurrences for a
given time period. For periods of a year or more, the difference between registrations and occurrences
is generally small, so death statistics referring to registrations are suitable for most purposes.
Ethnic birth and death data from the new registration forms were not available for the entire
three-year period 1995–1997. To ensure consistency of data over the 1995–1997 period, ethnic vital
statistics for 1995 were estimated using the age-sex-ethnic distribution of vitals data for 1996 and
1997. An allowance for ethnic non-response among deaths was also made. There was no response
to the ethnicity question for about 2.4 percent of deaths in 1996–1997 and 3.5 percent of deaths in
2000–2002.
Because deaths in the first year of life are skewed towards the early part of this age, infant death rates
were calculated from more detailed data. This involved the division of the first year of life into more
detailed ages.
Population denominator (exposed-to-risk population)
Usually the mean population of each period is used as the denominator to calculate death rates.
However, mean population estimates are not available for all ethnic populations. To ensure consistency
of method among all population subgroups, the estimated resident population at 30 June (the midpoint)
of each period was used. The impact of using ‘midpoint’ rather than ‘mean’ population estimates is
generally insignificant.
The estimated resident populations at 30 June 1996 and 30 June 2001 were based on the census
usually resident population counts at 5 March 1996 and 6 March 2001, respectively, and adjusted for:
a. non-response to the census ethnicity question
b. net census undercount
c. residents temporarily overseas on census night
d. births, deaths and net migration between census night and 30 June of the census year
e. reconciliation with demographic estimates at ages 0–9 years.
The 2001 Census asked people “Which ethnic group do you belong to? Mark the space or spaces
which apply to you”. The census usually resident population count of 3,737,277 included 526,281
who identified with the Mäori ethnicity and 150,546 with no ethnic response. The 2000–2002 life
tables use as a population denominator the estimated resident population of each ethnicity of New
Zealand at 30 June 2001. New Zealand’s estimated resident population of 3,880,000 included 586,000
who identified with the Mäori ethnicity.
27
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
The 1996 Census asked people to “Tick as many circles as you need to show which ethnic group(s)
you belong to”. The census usually resident population count of 3,618,303 included 523,371 who
identified with the Mäori ethnicity and 151,713 with no ethnic response. The 1995–1997 life tables
use as a population denominator the estimated resident population of each ethnicity of New Zealand
at 30 June 1996. New Zealand’s estimated resident population of 3,732,000 included 573,000 who
identified with the Mäori ethnicity.
Because of changes to the census ethnicity question between 1996 and 2001, the 1996 and 2001
population estimates for ethnic groups are not necessarily comparable. Nevertheless, the derived
mortality measures presented here are considered to give a statistically satisfactory description of
Mäori and non-Mäori mortality experience during the 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 periods. Note that
all population estimates used in the 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 life tables were derived using the
same methodology. In addition, the ethnicity question used in the 1996 Census is the same as that
used in birth and death registration forms from September 1995. The use of population estimates
based on the 1996 Census also allows the adjustment ratios presented in Ajwani (2003) to be
incorporated.
For more information about the estimated resident population, refer to “Information about the population
estimates” on the Statistics New Zealand website (www.stats.govt.nz).
Derived rates
The life tables were based on deaths averaged over three years. This is designed to reduce the
impact of year-to-year statistical variations, particularly at younger ages where there is a small number
of deaths and at very old ages where the population at risk is small. In some cases the New Zealand
data does not enable death rates to be reliably estimated at all ages. For most ages above 90 years,
death rates of the total New Zealand population have been modelled on the mortality trends of other
countries such as Australia, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom and United States. For the Mäori and
non-Mäori populations, death rates have also been modelled at some younger ages.
There are some small observed numerator-denominator ethnic differences since 1995, in comparison
with 1996 and 2001 Census data. For the 2000–2002 life tables, these estimated differences are not
significant enough to reliably adjust death numbers by age, sex and ethnicity. For the 1995–1997 life
tables, the smooth adjustment factors presented in Ajwani (2003) have been applied to Mäori deaths
by age to allow for under-reporting of Mäori deaths (relative to the Mäori population). The adjustment
factors range from 0.94 (ie a deflation in deaths) at age 0 years to 1.14 at ages 20–24 years. For the
non-Mäori life tables, corresponding adjustments have been applied to non-Mäori deaths by age.
These adjustment factors affect Mäori life expectancy at birth by about 0.7 years and non-Mäori life
expectancy at birth by about 0.1 years. The 1995–1997 life tables for the total New Zealand, Mäori
and non-Mäori populations published in July 1998 have therefore been revised. For all populations
the revision also incorporates updated population estimates (at 30 June 1996) and a revised method
of estimating death rates at the oldest ages.
The construction of each complete life table involved two stages. First, central death rates (mx) were
calculated for each age (x), except the first year of life, and were then smoothed to eliminate any
apparent irregularities. Second, the smoothed rates were used to calculate a set of age-specific
probabilities of death (qx), which were then used to derive other life table functions. The derivation of
the mortality rate in the first year of life differed from all other ages and required special formulae as
detailed below in ‘Age 0 years’.
28
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Life table notation
x
Exact age (eg exact age 5 corresponds to 5 years and 0 days).
lx
Number of people alive at exact age x from the original group of 100,000 (l0).
Lx
Average number of persons alive in the age interval x to x + 1.
dx
Number of deaths in the age interval x to x + 1.
qx
Probability that a person at exact age x dies within a year.
5 x
q
Probability that a person at exact age x dies within 5 years.
px
Probability that a person at exact age x lives another year.
p
Probability that a person at exact age x lives another 5 years.
mx
Central death rate for population in the age group x to x + 5.
5 x
s
Proportion of population in the age group x to x + 5 surviving another 5 years.
e0 x
Expected number of years of life remaining at exact age x.
5 x
5
Age 0 years
The probability of dying in the first year of life (q0) required special treatment because infant deaths
are skewed towards the early part of this age. The first year of life was divided into eight minor age
intervals (n):
1. less than 1 day
2. from 1 day to less than 2 days
3. from 2 days to less than 7 days
4. from 1 week to less than 4 weeks
5. from 4 weeks to less than 3 months
6. from 3 months to less than 6 months
7. from 6 months to less than 9 months
8. from 9 months to less than 12 months.
For each of these age intervals the values of q0(n), l0(n) and d0(n) were calculated. The following
examples show the formula for calculating q0(n) for two of these age intervals for 2000–2002, where
the denominator reflects the exposed-to-risk population:
For n = 3
For n = 5
q 0 (2days < 7 days ) =
Deaths ( 2000 – 2002, age 2days < 7 days )
B2000 + B2001 + B2002 − k
q 0 (4 weeks < 3months ) =
Deaths (2000 – 2002, age 4 weeks < 3months )
2
4
B 4 + B2000 + B2001 + B2002 − 23 B2002
−k
3 1999
29
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
where, for example:
q 0 (4 weeks < 3 months)
probability of dying between 4 weeks and 3 months
of life
B 2002
live births in 2002
4
B 2002
live births in the fourth (December) quarter of 2002
k
is an adjustment for deaths and migration made
to the denominator to exclude those persons in
the original birth cohort who died in an earlier age
interval, and to allow for the effect of net migration,
in order to give the correct ‘exposed-to-risk’
population
The values of q0(n) were then used to calculate l0(n) and d0(n):
Given
l0 (1) = 100,000
then
l0 (n) = l0 (n − 1). (1 − q 0 (n − 1)) for n = 2, 3,..., 8
the radix of a life table
d 0 (1) = 100,000. q 0 (1)
d 0 ( n) = l 0 ( n ). q 0 ( n)
for n = 2, 3,..., 8
8
d 0 = ¦ d 0 ( n)
n =1
and
q0 =
d0
l0 (1)
The value of L0 was calculated as follows:
L0 (n) = 21 (l0 (n) + l0 (n + 1))
for n = 1, 2,..., 7
L0 (8) = 21 (l0 (8) + l1 )
where l1 = l0 (1). (1 − q 0 )
8
L0 = ¦ ( L0 ( n). w(n))
n =1
where w(n) is the weight given by the fraction of the year covered by the age interval (n). For
example, for n = 6:
w(3months < 6months ) =
1
4
30
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Age 1 year and over
The central death rates (mx) were first calculated for each single year of age by dividing the average
annual deaths of New Zealand residents for the period by the estimated resident population at the
midpoint of the period. For 2000–2002:
mx =
1
3
.Deaths (2000 − 2002, age x)
Population (30 June 2001, age x)
Some refinement of data was made in the very old ages, above 90 years, to offset the effects of age
misreporting and small death numbers. The central death rates derived from actual data also showed
minor fluctuations across other ages. To minimise these fluctuations the rates were smoothed using
a cubic spline method (figure 3.01). For more details on the cubic spline method see Benjamin and
Pollard (1980) and Department of Statistics (1986).
Figure 3.01
Comparison of Actual and Smoothed Mortality Rates
Male
2000–2002
10,000
Deaths per 10,000 population
Smoothed
1,000
100
Actual
10
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Age (years)
70
80
90
100
The smoothed central death rates were then used to calculate the corresponding values of qx for
each age using the equation:
qx =
mx
1
1 + 2 mx
Each series of qx was tested to ensure that the deviations between the actual and expected deaths
were minimal. The values of qx were then used to derive the remaining life table functions:
l 0 = 100,000
the radix of a life table
l x +1 = l x (1 − q x )
1
Lx = 2 (l x + l x +1 )
d x = lx q x
px = 1 − q x
h
0
ex =
¦
i =0
Lx +i
lx
where h is the highest age of a given population group
31
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Supplementary functions for five-year age groups
In addition to the main life table functions, the following supplementary functions for five-year age
groups have been calculated for 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 and are contained in Appendix 3:
px =
5
q x = 1− 5 p x
4
5
mx =
¦
d x +i
¦
Lx + i
i =0
4
i =0
4
5
l x +5
lx
5
sx =
¦
L x + 5+ i
¦
Lx + i
i =0
4
i =0
32
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Part 4:
Subnational trends in longevity and mortality
This part presents a summary of mortality and longevity trends for the total population of subnational
areas (regional councils and territorial authorities).
Abridged life tables for regional council areas (regions) were first produced in 1994 for the period
1990–1992. In 1998, regional life tables for the 1995–1997 period were published, although these
have now been revised. This report contains summary results from the 1990–1992, 1995–1997
(revised) and 2000–2002 abridged life tables for regions. The 1990–1992 life tables use a different
population measure than later periods (see table 1.02).
In addition, abridged life tables have been produced for selected territorial authority areas for 1995–
1997 and 2000–2002, where death numbers are sufficient to produce reliable life tables. Because life
tables cannot be reliably produced for many subnational areas, standardised death rates have also
been derived for all regional council and territorial authority areas of New Zealand for the periods
1995–1997 and 2000–2002. As with life tables, standardised death rates allow for the different agesex composition of each area. However, the derivation of standardised death rates is less sensitive
than life tables to age groups with zero deaths.
To minimise annual fluctuations in mortality rates, the mortality measures are calculated for a threeyear period. Nevertheless, all subnational mortality and longevity trends should be interpreted with
caution. Death and population numbers can fluctuate from period to period. In addition, the stated
residence of the deceased may not reflect the geographic area(s) where that person spent most of
their life.
It should be noted that the data from the abridged life tables may differ from data from the complete
life tables.
Regional life expectancy at birth
Although New Zealanders’ life expectancy at birth has improved by five years in the last two decades,
there are some significant regional differences in life expectancy (figures 4.01 and 4.02). According to
the 2000–2002 abridged life tables for regional councils, life expectancy at birth ranged from 72.6 to
77.5 years for males and 78.9 to 82.2 years for females (table 4.01). Possible reasons for regional
variations in mortality and life expectancy are discussed in the ‘Possible causal factors’ section below.
The regional life tables indicate that five regions have experienced both male and female life
expectancies at birth consistently above the New Zealand average over the last decade: Auckland,
Wellington, Tasman, Canterbury and Otago (figures 4.03 to 4.05). Conversely, life expectancy in
Gisborne Region was significantly below the national average. Other regions with life expectancies
consistently below the national average over the last decade were Northland, Bay of Plenty, Hawke’s
Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, West Coast and Southland. The remaining regions of Waikato, Taranaki,
Nelson and Marlborough experienced life expectancies around the national average.
According to the abridged life tables, between 1995–1997 and 2000–2002, life expectancy at birth in
New Zealand improved by 2.0 years for males and 1.6 years for females. All regions experienced life
expectancy gains over this period, although the size of the gains varied significantly. Auckland,
Wellington and Canterbury regions were the only regions to experience improvements greater than
the national average for both males and females.
33
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Figure 4.01
Male Life Expectancy at Birth
Regional councils
2000–2002
34
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Figure 4.02
Female Life Expectancy at Birth
Regional councils
2000–2002
35
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table 4.01
Life Expectancy at Birth
Regional councils and selected territorial authorities
1990–1992, 1995–1997 and 2000–2002
Regional Council /
Territorial Authority(1)
1990–1992(2)
Male
Female
F-M
Male
1995–1997
Female
F-M
Male
2000–2002
Female
F-M
Years of life
Northland Region
Far North District
Whangarei District
71.7
..
..
78.2
..
..
6.5
..
..
72.8
71.8
73.5
78.6
77.4
79.2
5.8
5.6
5.7
74.0
73.3
74.8
80.1
80.2
80.3
6.1
6.9
5.5
Auckland Region
Rodney District
North Shore City
Waitakere City
Auckland City
Manukau City
Papakura District
Franklin District
73.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
79.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
75.2
76.0
76.9
74.6
74.8
75.0
73.3
74.4
80.2
80.7
81.6
80.1
80.1
79.6
79.3
79.3
5.0
4.8
4.7
5.5
5.3
4.6
6.0
4.9
77.5
78.5
79.1
77.7
77.7
76.2
76.2
77.0
82.1
82.5
83.6
81.7
82.4
81.5
79.8
80.7
4.6
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.8
5.2
3.6
3.6
Waikato Region
Thames-Coromandel District
Hamilton City
Waipa District
72.5
..
..
..
78.5
..
..
..
6.0
..
..
..
74.3
74.5
74.7
74.1
80.0
80.9
80.2
78.9
5.7
6.4
5.5
4.8
75.9
77.0
76.7
76.1
81.0
82.9
81.9
80.4
5.1
5.9
5.2
4.3
Bay of Plenty Region
Western Bay of Plenty District
Tauranga District
Rotorua District
Whakatane District
72.5
..
..
..
..
78.0
..
..
..
..
5.5
..
..
..
..
73.0
73.4
75.0
71.7
72.5
79.2
80.8
80.4
78.1
76.8
6.2
7.4
5.4
6.5
4.3
75.4
75.7
76.7
74.0
74.4
80.5
81.9
82.5
78.5
78.2
5.2
6.2
5.8
4.5
3.9
Gisborne Region
Gisborne District
71.3
..
76.5
..
5.2
..
70.7
70.7
76.4
76.4
5.7
5.7
72.6
72.6
78.9
78.9
6.3
6.3
Hawke's Bay Region
Hastings District
Napier City
71.7
..
..
78.1
..
..
6.4
..
..
73.3
73.5
73.4
78.9
78.5
79.7
5.6
5.1
6.3
75.4
75.9
75.5
79.8
80.5
80.1
4.4
4.6
4.6
Taranaki Region
New Plymouth District
72.3
..
78.6
..
6.3
..
74.9
75.2
80.3
80.7
5.4
5.5
75.9
76.5
80.6
81.0
4.6
4.5
Manawatu-Wanganui Region
Wanganui District
Palmerston North City
Horowhenua District
Kapiti Coast District
72.2
..
..
..
..
77.7
..
..
..
..
5.5
..
..
..
..
73.8
72.5
75.5
72.0
74.8
79.0
78.4
79.7
77.2
81.6
5.3
5.9
4.2
5.1
6.8
75.2
74.3
77.5
73.4
77.6
79.9
78.5
81.7
77.8
82.3
4.7
4.2
4.2
4.5
4.6
Wellington Region
Porirua City
Upper Hutt City
Lower Hutt City
Wellington City
72.9
..
..
..
..
78.8
..
..
..
..
5.9
..
..
..
..
74.8
72.2
74.4
74.5
75.4
79.9
77.2
78.4
78.9
81.2
5.2
5.1
4.0
4.3
5.7
76.9
73.2
76.9
76.3
78.0
81.6
79.7
80.2
80.9
82.5
4.8
6.6
3.3
4.7
4.5
Tasman Region
Tasman District
..
..
..
..
..
..
74.8
74.8
80.6
80.6
5.8
5.8
77.2
77.2
82.0
82.0
4.8
4.8
Nelson Region
Nelson City
..
..
..
..
..
..
75.8
75.8
79.4
79.4
3.6
3.6
76.1
76.1
81.4
81.4
5.4
5.4
Marlborough Region
Marlborough District
..
..
..
..
..
..
74.4
74.4
79.6
79.6
5.2
5.2
76.8
76.8
80.6
80.6
3.8
3.8
West Coast Region
70.4
77.1
6.7
72.3
78.4
6.0
74.2
81.4
7.1
Canterbury Region
Christchurch City
Timaru District
73.2
..
..
79.4
..
..
6.2
..
..
75.0
74.8
74.4
80.4
80.2
80.2
5.4
5.4
5.8
77.0
77.1
75.9
82.2
82.0
80.6
5.1
4.9
4.8
Otago Region
Dunedin City
73.1
..
79.0
..
5.9
..
74.7
74.3
80.4
79.9
5.7
5.7
76.8
76.6
81.7
81.3
4.8
4.7
Southland Region
Invercargill City
71.4
..
77.9
..
6.5
..
73.3
73.5
79.0
78.4
5.7
5.0
74.5
73.2
80.1
79.2
5.6
6.0
North Island(3)
..
..
..
74.4
79.7
5.3
76.4
81.2
4.8
South Island(4)
..
..
..
74.7
80.2
5.5
76.6
81.7
5.1
72.8
78.7
5.9
74.4
79.8
5.4
76.5
81.4
4.9
NEW ZEALAND(5)(6)
(1) There are two territorial authorities in this table which straddle regional council boundaries: Franklin and Rotorua districts. These
territorial authorities are listed under the region which they are most closely associated with.
(2) Life expectancies for 1990–1992 are not directly comparable to life expectancies for 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 because of
differences in methodology. Tasman, Nelson and Marlborough regions were combined for 1990–1992 data, with life expectancies
at birth of 74.3 and 80.3 years for males and females, respectively.
(3) Sum of North Island regions.
(4) Sum of South Island regions.
(5) Includes North Island and South Island regions plus areas not included in a region (eg Chatham Islands Territory).
(6) Data from abridged life tables. These may differ to data from complete life tables.
36
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Figure 4.03
Male and Female Life Expectancy at Birth
81
Regional council
1990–1992
Female (years of life)
Tasman/Nelson/
Marlborough
80
Canterbury
Auckland
Otago
NEW ZEALAND
Wellington
Taranaki
Waikato
Northland
Hawke's Bay
Bay of Plenty
Southland
ManawatuWanganui
West Coast
79
78
77
Gisborne
76
70
71
72
73
Male (years of life)
74
75
Figure 4.04
Male and Female Life Expectancy at Birth
81
Regional council
1995–1997
Female (years of life)
Tasman
Canterbury
Auckland
Waikato
Wellington
NEW ZEALAND
Marlborough
Nelson
Bay of Plenty Southland
ManawatuHawke's Bay
Wanganui
Northland
West Coast
Otago
Taranaki
80
79
78
77
Gisborne
76
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
Male (years of life)
Figure 4.05
Male and Female Life Expectancy at Birth
Regional council
2000–2002
83
Female (years of life)
Canterbury
Otago
82
Auckland
Tasman
Wellington
Nelson
West Coast
NEW ZEALAND
Waikato
Marlborough
Bay of Plenty
Taranaki
81
Northland
80
Southland
ManawatuWanganui
79
Hawke's Bay
Gisborne
78
72
73
74
75
Male (years of life)
37
76
77
78
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Regional life expectancy at age 65 years
The 2000–2002 life tables indicate that having reached the age of 65 years, New Zealanders can, on
average, expect to live a further 16.8 years for males and 20.2 years for females (table 4.02). Only
four regions had both male and female life expectancy at age 65 years above the national average:
Auckland (17.4 and 20.8 years), Tasman (17.1 and 20.9 years), Nelson (17.1 and 20.7 years) and
Canterbury (17.1 and 20.6 years).
Between the periods 1995–1997 and 2000–2002, life expectancy at age 65 years in New Zealand
improved by 1.2 years for males and 1.0 year for females. Almost all regions experienced life expectancy
gains over this period, although the size of the gain varied significantly. Auckland, Wellington, Tasman
and Canterbury were the only regions to experience increases greater than the national average for
both males and females.
38
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table 4.02
Life Expectancy at Age 65 Years
Regional councils and selected territorial authorities
1990–1992, 1995–1997 and 2000–2002
Regional Council /
Territorial Authority(1)
1990–1992(2)
Male
Female
F-M
Male
1995–1997
Female
F-M
Male
2000–2002
Female
F-M
Years of life
Northland Region
Far North District
Whangarei District
14.8
..
..
18.6
..
..
3.8
..
..
15.3
14.8
15.6
18.8
18.4
18.9
3.5
3.6
3.3
15.7
15.4
16.1
19.8
19.9
20.0
4.1
4.5
3.9
Auckland Region
Rodney District
North Shore City
Waitakere City
Auckland City
Manukau City
Papakura District
Franklin District
15.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.1
15.9
16.6
15.9
15.7
16.3
15.3
15.9
19.4
19.6
20.2
19.8
19.1
19.3
18.9
19.7
3.3
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.1
3.6
3.8
17.4
17.7
18.2
17.8
17.3
16.9
16.7
17.0
20.8
21.3
21.4
20.5
20.8
20.7
19.6
20.3
3.4
3.6
3.3
2.7
3.4
3.8
2.9
3.3
Waikato Region
Thames-Coromandel District
Hamilton City
Waipa District
14.9
..
..
..
18.8
..
..
..
3.9
..
..
..
15.7
15.8
15.8
15.1
19.8
20.1
19.8
19.4
4.1
4.3
3.9
4.3
16.7
16.8
17.0
16.7
20.1
20.6
20.8
19.5
3.4
3.8
3.8
2.9
Bay of Plenty Region
Western Bay of Plenty District
Tauranga District
Rotorua District
Whakatane District
15.2
..
..
..
..
18.6
..
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
..
..
15.3
15.9
15.9
14.2
15.2
19.1
19.8
20.1
18.2
17.9
3.9
3.9
4.2
4.0
2.7
16.4
16.8
17.3
15.3
15.4
20.2
20.7
21.2
19.0
19.0
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.5
Gisborne Region
Gisborne District
14.2
..
18.1
..
3.9
..
13.8
13.8
17.5
17.5
3.7
3.7
14.6
14.6
18.7
18.7
4.1
4.1
Hawke's Bay Region
Hastings District
Napier City
14.2
..
..
18.6
..
..
4.4
..
..
15.3
15.5
15.0
19.1
18.7
19.9
3.8
3.2
4.8
16.6
16.6
16.6
19.3
19.7
19.4
2.7
3.0
2.8
Taranaki Region
New Plymouth District
14.7
..
18.6
..
3.9
..
16.1
15.9
19.9
19.9
3.8
4.0
16.9
17.3
19.8
20.0
3.0
2.7
Manawatu-Wanganui Region
Wanganui District
Palmerston North City
Horowhenua District
Kapiti Coast District
14.2
..
..
..
..
18.1
..
..
..
..
3.9
..
..
..
..
15.1
14.9
16.0
14.1
15.1
18.9
18.5
19.2
17.9
20.3
3.7
3.6
3.2
3.7
5.2
16.2
16.1
17.3
14.7
17.5
19.5
19.2
20.3
18.2
20.9
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.5
3.5
Wellington Region
Porirua City
Upper Hutt City
Lower Hutt City
Wellington City
14.8
..
..
..
..
18.4
..
..
..
..
3.6
..
..
..
..
15.6
14.5
14.8
15.7
15.7
19.0
17.1
17.5
18.3
19.6
3.4
2.6
2.7
2.6
3.9
16.8
15.1
16.6
16.5
17.2
20.1
18.9
18.7
19.9
20.1
3.3
3.8
2.1
3.5
2.9
Tasman Region
Tasman District
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.8
15.8
18.9
18.9
3.2
3.2
17.1
17.1
20.9
20.9
3.8
3.8
Nelson Region
Nelson City
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.5
16.5
18.6
18.6
2.2
2.2
17.1
17.1
20.7
20.7
3.6
3.6
Marlborough Region
Marlborough District
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.2
15.2
18.9
18.9
3.8
3.8
16.8
16.8
19.5
19.5
2.6
2.6
West Coast Region
13.5
17.0
3.5
14.1
18.1
4.0
15.2
20.0
4.7
Canterbury Region
Christchurch City
Timaru District
14.7
..
..
18.4
..
..
3.7
..
..
15.6
15.6
15.0
19.3
19.3
18.6
3.7
3.7
3.6
17.1
17.0
16.6
20.6
20.4
19.6
3.5
3.4
3.0
Otago Region
Dunedin City
14.4
..
18.1
..
3.7
..
15.5
15.2
19.6
19.2
4.1
4.0
16.7
16.5
20.0
19.7
3.3
3.2
Southland Region
Invercargill City
13.7
..
17.6
..
3.9
..
14.4
14.5
18.7
18.3
4.3
3.7
15.5
14.5
19.0
18.1
3.4
3.6
North Island(3)
..
..
..
15.7
19.2
3.6
16.8
20.2
3.4
South Island(4)
..
..
..
15.5
19.2
3.8
16.8
20.2
3.5
14.8
18.6
3.8
15.6
19.2
3.6
16.8
20.2
3.4
NEW ZEALAND(5)(6)
(1) There are two territorial authorities in this table which straddle regional council boundaries: Franklin and Rotorua districts. These
territorial authorities are listed under the region which they are most closely associated with.
(2) Life expectancies for 1990–1992 are not directly comparable to life expectancies for 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 because of
differences in methodology. Tasman, Nelson and Marlborough regions were combined for 1990–1992 data, with life expectancies
at age 65 years of 15.4 and 19.4 years for males and females, respectively.
(3) Sum of North Island regions.
(4) Sum of South Island regions.
(5) Includes North Island and South Island regions plus areas not included in a region (eg Chatham Islands Territory).
(6) Data from abridged life tables. These may differ to data from complete life tables.
39
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Territorial authority life expectancy at birth
For the first time, abridged life tables have been derived for territorial authorities. There are 35 territorial
authority areas where death and population numbers are considered sufficient to produce reliable life
tables for 1995–1997 and 2000–2002. Nevertheless, because of fluctuations in death and population
numbers, these abridged life tables should be interpreted with caution.
The 2000–2002 life tables indicate that 12 of the 35 territorial authorities had higher life expectancy at
birth than the national average for both males and females. These 12 territorial authorities include
seven cities (North Shore, Waitakere, Auckland, Hamilton, Palmerston North, Wellington and
Christchurch) and five districts (Rodney, Thames-Coromandel, Tauranga, Kapiti Coast and Tasman).
A similar pattern was observed for the 1995–1997 period, although females in Palmerston North City
experienced slightly lower life expectancy than the national average. New Plymouth District also had
life expectancy above the national average for males and females in the 1995–1997 period. Possible
reasons for the variations in mortality and life expectancy are discussed in ‘Possible causal factors’
below.
Figure 4.06
Life Expectancy at Birth
Selected territorial authorities
2000–2002
Male
Far North Di
Whangarei Di
Rodney Di
North Shore Ci
Waitakere Ci
Auckland Ci
Manukau Ci
Papakura Di
Franklin Di
Thames-Coromandel Di
Hamilton Ci
Waipa Di
Western Bay of Plenty Di
Tauranga Di
Rotorua Di
Whakatane Di
Gisborne Di
Hastings Di
Napier Ci
New Plymouth Di
Wanganui Di
Palmerston North Ci
Horowhenua Di
Kapiti Coast Di
Porirua Ci
Upper Hutt Ci
Lower Hutt Ci
Wellington Ci
Tasman Di
Nelson Ci
Marlborough Di
Christchurch Ci
Timaru Di
Dunedin Ci
Invercargill Ci
New Zealand
Average
0
72
74
76
78
80
Years of life
Female
Far North Di
Whangarei Di
Rodney Di
North Shore Ci
Waitakere Ci
Auckland Ci
Manukau Ci
Papakura Di
Franklin Di
Thames-Coromandel Di
Hamilton Ci
Waipa Di
Western Bay of Plenty Di
Tauranga Di
Rotorua Di
Whakatane Di
Gisborne Di
Hastings Di
Napier Ci
New Plymouth Di
Wanganui Di
Palmerston North Ci
Horowhenua Di
Kapiti Coast Di
Porirua Ci
Upper Hutt Ci
Lower Hutt Ci
Wellington Ci
Tasman Di
Nelson Ci
Marlborough Di
Christchurch Ci
Timaru Di
Dunedin Ci
Invercargill Ci
New
Zealand
Average
0
76
78
80
Years of life
82
84
Note: Ci = City, Di = District.
Standardised death rates
For many areas, death and population numbers are too small for constructing reliable abridged life
tables, let alone complete life tables. Standardised death rates provide a summary measure of the
mortality experience of each area, but also allow for the different age-sex composition of each area.
It is important to note that standardised death rates have no direct meaning in themselves. They are
meaningful only in comparison with similarly computed rates. The standardised death rate for an
area, using the direct method of standardisation, indicates the overall death rate (per 1,000 population)
that would have prevailed in a standard population if it experienced the age-and-sex-specific death
rates of that area.
40
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Standardised death rates (SDRs) have been calculated for all regional councils and territorial authority
areas within New Zealand for the periods 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 (table 4.03). The estimated
resident population of New Zealand by age and sex at 30 June 1996 is used as the standard.
Table 4.03
Standardised Death Rates
Regional councils and territorial authorities
1995–1997 and 2000–2002
Regional Council /
Territorial Authority(1)
1995
–1997
Regional Council /
Territorial Authority(1)
2000
–2002
Deaths per 1,000 population
Northland Region
Far North District
Whangarei District
Kaipara District
Auckland Region
Rodney District
North Shore City
Waitakere City
Auckland City
Manukau City
Papakura District
Franklin District
Waikato Region
Thames-Coromandel District
Hauraki District
Waikato District
Matamata-Piako District
Hamilton City
Waipa District
Otorohanga District
South Waikato District
Waitomo District
Taupo District
Bay of Plenty Region
Western Bay of Plenty District
Tauranga District
Rotorua District
Whakatane District
Kawerau District
Opotiki District
Gisborne Region
Gisborne District
Hawke's Bay Region
Wairoa District
Hastings District
Napier City
Central Hawke's Bay District
Taranaki Region
New Plymouth District
Stratford District
South Taranaki District
Manawatu-Wanganui Region
Ruapehu District
Wanganui District
Rangitikei District
Manawatu District
Palmerston North City
Tararua District
Horowhenua District
8.0
8.6
7.8
7.5
7.2
6.8
6.5
7.2
7.4
7.2
7.9
7.4
7.3
7.0
6.8
7.4
7.1
7.3
7.7
6.3
7.7
8.6
7.7
7.7
7.1
6.9
8.7
8.4
9.8
9.9
9.4
9.4
7.8
10.0
7.8
7.7
7.0
7.2
7.0
6.0
7.9
7.8
8.5
8.2
8.6
6.9
7.3
7.2
8.9
1995
–1997
2000
–2002
Deaths per 1,000 population
7.2
7.4
6.9
7.6
6.0
5.6
5.5
6.1
6.0
6.5
7.0
6.4
6.6
6.0
6.8
7.7
6.3
6.3
6.8
6.0
7.2
7.8
6.9
6.7
6.3
5.9
7.8
7.7
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.2
7.0
10.1
6.9
6.9
6.6
6.7
6.4
7.3
7.1
7.1
7.4
7.5
7.8
6.8
6.1
7.3
8.3
Wellington Region
Kapiti Coast District
Porirua City
Upper Hutt City
Lower Hutt City
Wellington City
Masterton District
Carterton District
South Wairarapa District
Tasman Region
Tasman District
Nelson Region
Nelson City
Marlborough Region
Marlborough District
West Coast Region
Buller District
Grey District
Westland District
Canterbury Region
Kaikoura District
Hurunui District
Waimakariri District
Christchurch City
Banks Peninsula District
Selwyn District
Ashburton District
Timaru District
Mackenzie District
Waimate District
Otago Region
Waitaki District
Central Otago District
Queenstown-Lakes District
Dunedin City
Clutha District
Southland Region
Southland District
Gore District
Invercargill District
7.5
6.7
9.2
8.6
7.8
7.1
8.1
6.9
7.6
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.5
7.5
8.6
8.7
8.0
9.6
7.3
6.8
7.5
6.9
7.4
6.5
5.2
7.0
7.8
7.1
7.5
7.3
7.1
6.7
5.5
7.7
6.8
8.3
7.5
8.8
8.5
6.4
5.8
8.0
6.9
6.8
6.1
7.0
6.6
6.6
5.9
5.9
6.4
6.4
6.6
6.6
7.1
7.2
7.2
6.8
6.2
6.6
5.2
5.4
6.3
5.2
4.7
6.7
6.8
5.7
6.0
6.5
6.7
5.9
4.9
6.8
6.5
7.4
6.1
7.2
8.1
North Island(2)
South Island(3)
7.5
7.4
6.5
6.4
..
7.1
7.5
6.5
Chatham Islands Territory(4)
NEW ZEALAND
(1) There are eight territorial authorities in this table which straddle regional council boundaries: Franklin, Waitomo, Taupo, Rotorua,
Stratford, Rangitikei, Tararua and Waitaki districts. These territorial authorities are listed under the region which they are most
closely associated with.
(2) The sum of the North Island regions.
(3) The sum of the South Island regions.
(4) Chatham Islands Territory is an area outside regions.
Note: The rates have been standardised by the direct method of standardisation. The age and sex distribution of the estimated
resident population of New Zealand at 30 June 1996 is used as the standard.
41
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Between 1995–1997 and 2000–2002, SDRs for New Zealand overall decreased from 7.5 deaths per
1,000 population to 6.5 deaths per 1,000 population. This decrease was reflected in all regions and
almost all territorial authorities, with the exceptions of Kaipara, Hauraki, Waikato, Wairoa, Stratford
and Tararua districts.
SDRs for regions in 2000–2002 ranged from 5.9 to 8.2 deaths per 1,000 population, compared with a
range of 7.2 to 9.4 deaths per 1,000 population in 1995–1997. Auckland, Tasman, Nelson and
Canterbury regions had lower SDRs than the New Zealand average in both 1995–1997 and 2000–
2002. In contrast, Northland, Bay of Plenty, Gisborne, Hawke’s Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, West
Coast and Southland regions had SDRs above the national average for both periods.
Among territorial authorities, SDRs ranged from 4.7 to 10.1 deaths per 1,000 population in 2000–
2002, compared with a range of 5.2 to 10.0 deaths per 1,000 population in 1995–1997. The SDRs,
similar to the life expectancy results, suggest some geographic differences within regions. For example:
●
●
●
●
●
Auckland Region with a SDR of 6.0 in 2000–2002, includes territorial authorities with SDRs ranging
from 5.5 (North Shore City) to 7.0 (Papakura District).
Waikato Region with a SDR of 6.6 in 2000–2002, includes territorial authorities with SDRs ranging
from 6.0 (Thames-Coromandel and Otorohanga districts) to 7.8 (Waitomo District).
Bay of Plenty Region with a SDR of 6.7 in 2000–2002, includes territorial authorities with SDRs
ranging from 5.9 (Tauranga District) to 8.1 (Kawerau and Opotiki districts).
Manawatu-Wanganui Region with a SDR of 7.1 in 2000–2002, includes territorial authorities with
SDRs ranging from 6.1 (Palmerston North City) to 8.3 (Horowhenua District).
Canterbury Region with a SDR of 6.2 in 2000–2002, includes territorial authorities with SDRs
ranging from 4.7 (Selwyn District) to 6.8 (Timaru District).
Possible causal factors
The reasons for subnational differences in longevity and mortality are difficult to identify precisely and
are probably due to a combination of interrelated factors including the proportion of the population
who are Mäori, the proportion of the population who smoke (or have smoked), the proximity to health
and hospital services, the degree of urbanisation and socio-economic factors.
Compared with non-Mäori, life expectancy at birth for 2000–2002 was an estimated 8.2 years lower
for Mäori males and 8.8 years lower for Mäori females at the national level. Based on ethnic population
estimates at 30 June 2001 (Statistics New Zealand, 2003), the highest Mäori proportions at the regional
level are in Gisborne (47 percent), Northland (33 percent), Bay of Plenty (29 percent) and Hawke’s
Bay (24 percent). These are regions with male and female life expectancy at birth consistently below
the national average for 1990–1992, 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 (figures 4.03 to 4.05). In contrast,
the lowest Mäori proportions are in Otago (6 percent), Canterbury (7 percent), Tasman (7 percent)
and Nelson (8 percent). These are regions which consistently appear to have life expectancies near
or above the national average.
At the territorial authority level, the pattern is similar. The highest Mäori proportions are in the districts
of Kawerau (61 percent), Wairoa (60 percent), Opotiki (58 percent), Gisborne (47 percent), Far North
(46 percent), Whakatane (43 percent), Ruapehu (40 percent), Waitomo (39 percent) and Rotorua (36
percent). In these areas, life expectancies are below the national average and/or standardised death
rates are above the national average.
The proportion of the population who smoke also appears to have a strong inverse correlation with
life expectancy (figures 4.07 and 4.08). At the 1996 Census, the last census to ask a smoking question,
the proportion of the population aged 15 years and over who were smoking regularly was lowest in
Canterbury Region (22 percent of males and 20 percent of females). Nelson, Marlborough, Tasman
and Auckland regions also had low proportions (23 percent of males and 20 percent of females). In
contrast, the highest proportions were in Gisborne (30 percent of males and females), Northland (27
percent of males and females), West Coast (27 percent of males and 26 percent of females), Hawke’s
Bay (27 percent of males and 26 percent of females) and Bay of Plenty (26 percent of males and
females).
42
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Figure 4.07
Male Life Expectancy v Smoking Propensity
Male life expectancy at birth (years), 2000–2002
80
Territorial authorities (R² = 0.73)
Regional councils (R² = 0.89)
New Zealand
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
19
21
23
25
27
29
Percentage of 15+ male population smoking regularly, 1996 Census
31
Figure 4.08
Female Life Expectancy v Smoking Propensity
84
Female life expectancy at birth (years), 2000–2002
Territorial authorities (R² = 0.62)
Regional councils (R² = 0.66)
New Zealand
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
Percentage of 15+ female population smoking regularly, 1996 Census
32
Among territorial authorities, the lowest smoking proportions in 1996 were in North Shore City
(20 percent of males and 16 percent of females), Selwyn District (21 percent of males and 17 percent
of females), Waimakariri District (21 percent of males and 18 percent of females), Wellington City
(21 percent of males and 18 percent of females), Rodney District (21 percent of males and 19 percent
of females), Auckland City (23 percent of males and 18 percent of females), Palmerston North City
(21 percent of males and 20 percent of females) and Banks Peninsula District (22 percent of males
and 20 percent of females). In contrast, the highest proportions were in the districts of Kawerau
(35 percent of males and 39 percent of females), Wairoa (33 percent of males and 35 percent of
females), Opotiki (34 percent of males and 34 percent of females), Ruapehu (32 percent of males
and 33 percent of females), Waitomo (30 percent of males and 32 percent of females), South Waikato
(30 percent of males and 32 percent of females) and Far North (30 percent of males and 32 percent
of females).
43
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
44
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Part 5:
Subnational methodology
This part details the data and methods used to derive the subnational abridged life tables and
standardised death rates presented in Part 4.
Data
The data used to construct the 1995–1997 (revised) and 2000–2002 subnational abridged life tables
and standardised death rates comprised:
a. deaths registered in New Zealand of people resident in each area in the December years 1995–
1997 and 2000–2002, respectively, by age groups (0, 1–4, 5–9, 10–15, ... , 80–84, 85 and over)
and sex
b. live births registered in New Zealand to mothers resident in each area in the December years
1995–1997 and 2000–2002, respectively, by sex
c. the estimated resident population of each area at 30 June 1996 and 30 June 2001, respectively,
by age groups (1–4, 5–9, 10–15, ... , 80–84, 85 and over) and sex.
Deaths numerator
The life tables were compiled from deaths registered, rather than deaths occurring, in each respective
three-year period. Most death statistics refer to registrations rather than occurrences for a given time
period, because of the time lag between when the death occurred and when it is registered. Hence,
the number of death registrations can be confirmed before the number of death occurrences for a
given time period. For periods of a year or more, the difference between registrations and occurrences
is generally small, so death statistics referring to registrations are suitable for most purposes.
An adjustment for address non-response among deaths was made. There was no response to the
address question for less than 0.1 percent of deaths in 1995–1997 and 0.2 percent of deaths in
2000–2002.
Population denominator (exposed-to-risk population)
The estimated resident population of each area at 30 June (the midpoint) of each period was used as
the denominator to calculate death rates. The estimated resident populations at 30 June 1996 and
30 June 2001 were based on the census usually resident population counts at 5 March 1996 and
6 March 2001, respectively, and adjusted for:
a. net census undercount
b. residents temporarily overseas on census night
c. births, deaths and net migration between census night and 30 June of the census year
d. reconciliation wi th demographic estimates at ages 0–9 years.
For more information about the estimated resident population, refer to “Information about the population
estimates” on the Statistics New Zealand website (www.stats.govt.nz).
Derived rates
The life tables were based on deaths averaged over three years. This is designed to reduce the
impact of year-to-year statistical variations, particularly at younger ages where there may be a small
number of deaths and at very old ages where the population at risk may be small. In some cases the
subnational data does not enable death rates to be reliably estimated at all ages.
The 1995–1997 life tables for regional council areas published in September 1998 have been revised.
For all regions, the revision incorporates updated population estimates (at 30 June 1996) and an
alternative method of smoothing death rates across age (Brass’ Logit System).
45
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
The construction of each abridged life table involved three stages. First, central death rates (mx)
were calculated for each age interval, except the first year of life. Second, Brass’ Logit System was
used to smooth age-specific death rates for all areas. Third, the smoothed rates were used to calculate
a set of age-specific probabilities of death (qx), which were then used to derive other life table functions.
The derivation of the mortality rate in the first year of life differed from all other ages and required
special formulae as detailed below in ‘Age 0 years’.
Life table notation
x
Exact age (eg exact age 5 corresponds to 5 years and 0 days).
lx
Number of people alive at exact age x from the original group of 100,000 (l0).
Lx
Average number of persons alive in the age interval x to x + 1.
dx
Number of deaths in the age interval x to x + 1.
qx
Probability that a person at exact age x dies within a year.
5 x
q
Probability that a person at exact age x dies within 5 years.
px
Probability that a person at exact age x lives another year.
p
Probability that a person at exact age x lives another 5 years.
mx
Central death rate for population in the age group x to x + 5.
5 x
s
Proportion of population in the age group x to x + 5 surviving another 5 years.
e0 x
Expected number of years of life remaining at exact age x.
5 x
5
46
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Age 0 years
The probability of dying in the first year of life (q0) required special treatment because infant deaths
are skewed towards the early part of this age. The following example shows the formula for calculating
q0 for 2000–2002, where the denominator approximates the exposed-to-risk population:
Deaths (2000 − 2002, age 0)
Live births (2000 − 2002)
q0 =
The value for q0 is then used to derive the following life table functions:
l 0 = 100,000
the radix of a life table
l1 = l 0 (1 − q 0 )
L0 = 0.15l 0 + 0.85l1
5
s0 =
where 0.85 and 0.15 approximate the proportion of
infant deaths occurring in the first 6 months of life and
second 6 months of life, respectively
L5
L0 + 4 L1
5
d 0 = l 0 .q 0
m0 =
d0
L0
Age 1–4 years
The central death rate (mx) for this age group was calculated by dividing the average annual deaths
of residents of each area by the estimated resident population of each area at the midpoint of the
period. For 2000–2002:
4 m1 =
1
3
.Deaths (2000 − 2002, ages 1 − 4)
Population (30 June 2001, ages 1 − 4)
4. 4 m1
4
q1 =
4
d1 = l1 .q1
4
L1 = 2(l1 + l5 )
1 + 2. 4 m1
47
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Age 5–84 years
The central death rates (mx) were calculated for each five-year age group by dividing the average
annual deaths of residents of each area by the estimated resident population at the midpoint of the
period. For 2000–2002:
1
3
5 mx =
.Deaths (2000 − 2002, ages x to x + 4)
Population (30 June 2001, ages x to x + 4)
for x = 5, 10, 15,..., 80
5. 5 m x
5
qx =
5
p x = 1− 5 q x
for x = 5, 10, 15,..., 80
1 + 2 12 . 5 m x
for x = 5, 10, 15,..., 80
l x + 5 = (1− 5 q x )l x
for x = 5, 10, 15,..., 80
5
d x = l x − l x +5
for x = 5, 10, 15,..., 80
5
L x = 2 12 (l x + l x + 5 )
for x = 5, 10, 15,..., 80
5
sx =
Lx + 5
5 Lx
for x = 5, 10, 15,..., 80
5
Age 85 years and over
Data for those aged eighty-five years and over were combined into one age group. Because it is an
open-ended interval, some unique formulae were required:
q85 = 1
d 85 = l85
L85 =
l85
m85
For all ages:
h
0
ex =
¦L
i =0
x+i
for x = 0, 1, 5, 10, 15,..., 85
where x + h = 85.
lx
48
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Brass’ Logit System
The Brass Logit technique enables the calculation of smooth abridged life tables for areas which
have unreliable and/or zero age-specific death rates by adjusting the observed rates with reference
to a standard life table. The technique does not alter the overall level of mortality, but the age-specific
functions of the life table are smoothed. Essentially, the technique compares mortality between the
area and a standard life table across ages, then a line of best fit is calculated to describe that relationship
by age. The line of best fit is then used in conjunction with the standard life table to determine death
rates for the small area life table. An example of observed and smoothed death rates is given in figure
5.01. For a more detailed description of Brass’ Logit System refer to Brass (1975).
Figure 5.01
Observed and Smoothed Male Death Rates
Franklin District
2000–2002
Deaths per 10,000 population
10,000
1,000
100
Observed
10
Smoothed
1
0
1-4
5-9
10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-24 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
Age group (years)
Note: There were no deaths registered for Franklin District for ages 1–14 years during 2000–2002.
The subnational abridged life tables for 1995–1997 and 2000–2002 presented in this report use the
Brass Logit System and the complete life tables for New Zealand for 1995–1997 and 2000–2002,
respectively, as the standard.
Abridged life tables compared with complete life tables
There are small differences in life table measures derived from abridged and complete life tables
(table 5.01). Abridged life tables use grouped age data and an open-ended upper age group. By
comparison, complete life tables use single-year of age data. The abridged and complete life tables
presented here also use different methods for smoothing death rates.
Table 5.01
New Zealand Life Expectancy at Birth
Abridged and complete life tables
Period
Abridged
Male
Complete
Female
Male
Female
Years of life
1995–1997
2000–2002
74.4
76.5
79.8
81.4
49
74.4
76.3
79.7
81.1
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Standardised death rates
Standardised death rates provide a summary measure of the mortality experience of an area, while
allowing for the different age-sex composition of each area. The standardised death rate for an area,
using the direct method of standardisation, indicates the overall death rate (per 1,000 population) that
would have prevailed in a standard population if it experienced the age-and-sex-specific death rates
of that area. The standardised death rates presented in this report use the age and sex distribution of
the estimated resident population of New Zealand at 30 June 1996 as the standard:
¦m P
a
SDR =
where
a
P
a
× 1,000
ma is the age-and-sex-specific death rate of the area
Pa is the standard population at each age and sex
P is the total standard population
50
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Glossary
Age-specific
A measure relating to an age group. Age-specific rates are commonly calculated for fertility, mortality,
marriage, marriage dissolution and abortion.
Census night population count
A count of all people present in a given area on a given census night. The census night population
count of New Zealand includes visitors from overseas who are counted on census night, but excludes
New Zealand residents who are temporarily overseas.
For a subnational area, the count includes visitors from overseas and elsewhere in New Zealand
(people who do not usually live in that area), but excludes residents of that area who are temporarily
elsewhere on census night (people who usually live in that area but are absent).
Census usually resident population count
A count of all people who usually live in a given area, and are present in New Zealand, on a given
census night. The census usually resident population count of New Zealand excludes visitors from
overseas and excludes New Zealand residents who are temporarily overseas.
For a subnational area, the count excludes visitors from overseas and elsewhere in New Zealand
(people who do not usually live in that area), but includes residents of that area who are temporarily
elsewhere in New Zealand on census night (people who usually live in that area but are absent).
Cohort
A group of people sharing a common demographic experience. For example, the 1900 birth cohort
refers to the people who were born in the year 1900.
Death
The permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after live birth has taken place (postnatal cessation of vital functions without capability of resuscitation). This definition therefore excludes
foetal deaths.
Death (mortality) rate
The number of deaths relative to the exposed-to-risk population, often expressed as a rate per 1,000
population.
Estimated de facto population
An estimate of all people present in a given area at a given date. The estimated de facto population
of New Zealand includes all people present in New Zealand and counted by the census (census night
population count). This estimate includes visitors from overseas who are counted on census night,
but excludes New Zealand residents who are temporarily overseas.
For a subnational area, the estimate includes visitors from overseas and elsewhere in New Zealand
(people who do not usually live in that area), but excludes residents of that area who are temporarily
elsewhere on census night (people who usually live in that area but are absent).
The estimated de facto population at a given date after census includes births, deaths and net migration
(arrivals less departures) of people during the period between census night and the given date.
De facto population estimates are no longer produced. National population estimates were produced
annually (reference date at 31 December) from 1936 to 1950 and quarterly (reference dates at
31 March, 30 June, 30 September and 31 December) from March 1951 to June 1997. Subnational
population estimates were produced annually (reference date at 31 March) to 1995.
51
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Estimated resident population
An estimate of all people who usually live in a given area at a given date. The estimated resident
population of New Zealand includes all residents present in New Zealand and counted by the census
(census usually resident population count), residents who are temporarily overseas (who are not
included in the census), and an adjustment for residents missed or counted more than once by the
census (net census undercount). Visitors from overseas are excluded.
For a subnational area, the estimate excludes visitors from overseas and elsewhere in New Zealand
(people who do not usually live in that area), but includes residents of that area who are temporarily
elsewhere on census night (people who usually live in that area but are absent).
The estimated resident population at a given date after census includes births, deaths and net migration
(arrivals less departures) of residents during the period between census night and the given date.
National population estimates are produced quarterly (reference dates at 31 March, 30 June,
30 September and 31 December) and subnational population estimates are produced annually
(reference date at 30 June).
Ethnicity
An ethnic group is made up of people who have some or all of the following characteristics:
●
●
a common proper name
one or more elements of common culture which need not be specified, but may include religion,
customs or language
●
unique community of interests, feelings and actions
●
a shared sense of common origins or ancestry
●
a common geographic origin.
This definition is based on the work of A Smith (1986) ‘The Ethnic Origins of Nations’.
Ethnicity is self-perceived and people can belong to more than one ethnic group. People can identify
with an ethnicity even though they may not be descended from ancestors with that ethnicity. Conversely,
people may choose to not identify with an ethnicity even though they are descended from ancestors
with that ethnicity.
In the Census of Population and Dwellings, ethnicity is identified by the person completing the census
form. In the case of births and deaths, ethnicity is identified by the person completing the registration
form. For births this is usually the parent(s), while for deaths this is most likely to be the funeral
director (on the advice of a family member).
Exposed-to-risk population
People able to experience a particular event (eg birth, death, marriage, marriage dissolution) often
because of specific characteristics (eg age, sex, marital status, geographic location).
Foetal death
Death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception,
irrespective of gestation, by either spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), induced abortion or stillbirth.
Death is indicated by the fact that after such separation the foetus does not breathe or show any other
evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord or definite movement of
voluntary muscles.
Infant death
The death of a child (who was born alive) before the age of one year.
Infant mortality rate
The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
52
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Life expectancy
The average length of life remaining at a given age. As derived from a period life table, it assumes that
a person experiences the age-specific mortality rates of a given period from the given age onwards.
It represents the average longevity of the whole population and does not necessarily reflect the
longevity of an individual.
Life expectancy at birth
The average length of life of a birth cohort. As derived from a period life table, it is the average length
of life of a newborn baby assuming they experience the age-specific mortality rates of a given period
throughout their life. It represents the average longevity of the whole population and does not
necessarily reflect the longevity of an individual.
Life table
A tabular numerical representation of mortality and survivorship of a cohort of births at each age of
life. It comprises an array of measures, including probabilities of death, probabilities of survival and
life expectancies at various ages.
A complete life table presents life table functions for each single year of age, while an abridged life
table presents life table functions for age groups.
Current, period or cross-sectional life tables are based on current mortality rates. These tables assume
that as a cohort passes through life it experiences a given pattern of age-specific mortality rates
which do not change from year to year. Although it is usually based on death rates from a real population
during a particular period of time, these tables are a hypothetical model of mortality as they do not
describe the real mortality which characterises a cohort as it ages.
Cohort, longitudinal or generation life tables are based on the actual mortality experience of a particular
cohort (eg all people born in the year 1900). These tables require data over many years, from infancy
to the oldest age lived by the cohort (ie until the death of the last survivor).
Live birth
The birth of a child, who breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart,
pulsation of the umbilical cord or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical
cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. Each product of such a birth is considered liveborn. All
liveborn infants should be registered and counted as such irrespective of gestation or whether alive
or dead at the time of registration. If they die at any time following birth they should also be registered
and counted as deaths.
Longevity
Length of life.
Mäori ethnicity
People who identify with the Mäori ethnicity with or without other ethnicities. Because ethnicity is selfperceived, people can identify with Mäori ethnicity even though they may not be descended from
Mäori ancestors. Conversely, people may choose to not identify with Mäori ethnicity even though they
are descended from Mäori ancestors.
Mean population
The average number of people in an area during a given period, usually a year. This measure may be
estimated in terms of a simple or weighted arithmetic mean of monthly or quarterly population during
the reference period.
Mortality
The death of individuals in a community.
53
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Net census undercount
The difference between undercount and overcount. It is usually expressed as a percentage of what
should have been the complete count rather than as a percentage of what was counted. The 1996
and 2001 post-enumeration surveys estimated net census undercount to be 1.6 ± 0.2 and 2.2 ±
0.3 percent, respectively (sample errors at the 95 percent level).
Non-Mäori ethnicity
People identifying with an ethnicity excluding those who identified with New Zealand Mäori ethnicity.
Post-enumeration survey
A sample survey to check the accuracy of coverage and/or response of another census or survey.
A post-enumeration survey was conducted after each of the 1996 and 2001 Census of Population
and Dwellings.
Radix
The original size of the birth cohort of a life table. In this report it is set at 100,000 for convenience.
Resident population concept
A statistical basis for a population in terms of those who usually live in a given area at a given time.
The ‘census usually resident population count’ is a census measure, and the ‘estimated resident
population’ is a demographic measure, of the resident population concept.
Resident temporarily overseas
A person who usually lives in New Zealand but who is overseas for a period of less than 12 months.
In census statistics, a resident temporarily overseas is a person who is identified on the census
dwelling form as usually living in that dwelling but who is overseas for a period of less than 12 months.
In external migration statistics, a resident temporarily overseas is a person who self-identifies on the
arrival card that they live in New Zealand and have been away from New Zealand for less than
12 months.
Standardised death rate
The overall death rate that would have prevailed in a standard population if it had experienced the
age-specific (usually age-and-sex-specific) death rates of the population or area being studied. It is
important to note that standardised death rates have no direct meaning in themselves. They are
meaningful only in comparison with similarly computed rates.
Subnational
Geographical units of a country (eg area units, territorial authorities, regional councils, urban areas)
whose boundaries are defined for administrative, legal or statistical purposes.
54
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
References
Ajwani S et al (2003). “Decades of Disparity: Ethnic mortality trends in New Zealand, 1980–1999”, Wellington:
Ministry of Health and University of Otago, Public Health Intelligence Occasional Bulletin Number 16.
www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/49ba80c00757b8804c256673001d47d0/
febdcf2d4baae173cc256d5c00137cae?OpenDocument [19 May 2004].
Arriaga E E (1984). “Measuring and Explaining the Change in Life Expectancies”, Demography, 21(1)
83–96.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2003a). 2002 Deaths, Canberra.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2003b). Yearbook Australia 2003, Canberra.
Brass W (1975). Methods for Estimating Fertility and Mortality from Limited and Defective Data,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.
Census and Statistics Department (2004). Vital Events, www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/eng/hkstat/fas/pop/
vital_event_index.html [19 May 2004].
Department of Statistics (1986). “The Use of Cubic Spline Functions in the Derivation of the 1980–82
New Zealand Life Tables”, by R I Speirs, Demographic Trends Bulletin, 12–18.
Government Actuary’s Department (2004). “Interim Life Tables”, www.gad.gov.uk/Life_Tables/
Interim_life_tables.htm [19 May 2004].
INSEE (2004). “Mortality”, www.insee.fr/en/ffc/pop_age3d.htm [19 May 2004].
Ministry of Health (1999). Taking The Pulse The 1996–97 New Zealand Health Survey, Wellington.
National Center for Health Statistics (2004). United States Life Tables 2001, www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/
nvsr/nvsr52/nvsr52_14.pdf [19 May 2004].
New Zealand Health and Information Service (2004). Mortality and Demographic Data 2000, Ministry
of Health, Wellington. www.nzhis.govt.nz/publications/mortality.html [6 July 2004].
Statistics Bureau Japan (2003). Japan Statistical Yearbook 2004,Tokyo.
Statistics Netherlands (2003). Statistical Yearbook of the Netherlands 2003, The Hague.
Statistics New Zealand (1996). “Recent changes to ethnic statistics on births and deaths”, Demographic
Trends 1996, 145–147.
Statistics New Zealand (1997a). 1996 Census of Population and Dwellings: Ethnic Groups, Wellington.
Statistics New Zealand (1997b). “New ethnic-specific birth and death rates”, Demographic Trends
1997, 153–155.
Statistics New Zealand (2001). Definitions and Questionnaires, Statistics New Zealand, Wellington.
Statistics New Zealand (2003). “Subnational Ethnic Population Projections”, www.stats.govt.nz/
population.
Statistics New Zealand (2004a). “Glossary of Common Terms”, www.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/
omni/omni.nsf/wwwglsry [19 May 2004].
Statistics New Zealand (2004b). “Information about Deaths”, www.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/omni/
omni.nsf/outputs/Deaths [19 May 2004].
Statistics New Zealand (2004c). “Information about Life Tables”, www.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/
omni/omni.nsf/outputs/Life+Tables [19 May 2004].
Statistics Singapore (2004). Health, www.singstat.gov.sg/keystats/annual/yos/yos111.pdf
[19 May 2004].
Statistics Sweden (2004). Average Life Expectancy 1751–2003, www.scb.se/templates/
tableOrChart_82717.asp [19 May 2004].
55
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Appendices
Additional tables
Appendix 1
New Zealand life tables, 2000–2002 ............................................................................ 57
A1.1 Total male population life table, 2000–2002 ................................................................. 58
A1.2 Total female population life table, 2000–2002 .............................................................. 59
A1.3 Mäori male population life table, 2000–2002 ................................................................ 60
A1.4 Mäori female population life table, 2000–2002 ............................................................. 61
A1.5 Non-Mäori male population life table, 2000–2002 ........................................................ 62
A1.6 Non-Mäori female population life table, 2000–2002 ..................................................... 63
Appendix 2
New Zealand life tables, 1995–1997 (revised) ............................................................ 64
A2.1 Total male population life table, 1995–1997 ................................................................. 65
A2.2 Total female population life table, 1995–1997 .............................................................. 66
A2.3 Mäori male population life table, 1995–1997 ................................................................ 67
A2.4 Mäori female population life table, 1995–1997 ............................................................. 68
A2.5 Non-Mäori male population life table, 1995–1997 ........................................................ 69
A2.6 Non-Mäori female population life table, 1995–1997 ..................................................... 70
Appendix 3
Five-year age group mortality and survivorship rates, 1995–2002 ......................... 71
A3.1 Life table mortality and survivorship rates, by five-year age group, total,
Mäori and non-Mäori populations, 2000–2002 ............................................................. 72
A3.2 Life table mortality and survivorship rates, by five-year age group, total,
Mäori and non-Mäori populations, 1995–1997 ............................................................. 73
56
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Appendix 1
New Zealand life tables, 2000–2002
57
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A1.1
Total Male Population Life Table
2000–2002
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Lives
Dying
(years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Year
Age
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Dies
Number
of Life
Dying
Lives
Number
(years)
within
Alive
Remaining
in the Another
Alive in
a
at Exact
at Age x
Age
Year
the Age
Year
Age
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Males Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Males Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,392
99,321
99,289
99,260
99,501
99,357
99,305
99,275
99,248
608
71
32
29
25
0.99392
0.99929
0.99968
0.99971
0.99975
0.00608
0.00071
0.00032
0.00029
0.00025
76.33
75.79
74.84
73.87
72.89
50
51
52
53
54
94,061
93,738
93,385
92,997
92,571
93,900
93,562
93,191
92,784
92,337
323
353
388
426
468
0.99657
0.99623
0.99585
0.99542
0.99494
0.00343
0.00377
0.00415
0.00458
0.00506
29.23
28.32
27.43
26.54
25.66
5
6
7
8
9
99,235
99,214
99,197
99,182
99,169
99,225
99,206
99,190
99,176
99,163
21
17
15
13
13
0.99979
0.99983
0.99985
0.99987
0.99987
0.00021
0.00017
0.00015
0.00013
0.00013
71.91
70.92
69.94
68.95
67.95
55
56
57
58
59
92,103
91,587
91,019
90,395
89,707
91,845
91,303
90,707
90,051
89,329
516
568
624
688
757
0.99440
0.99380
0.99314
0.99239
0.99156
0.00560
0.00620
0.00686
0.00761
0.00844
24.79
23.93
23.07
22.23
21.39
10
11
12
13
14
99,156
99,142
99,126
99,105
99,074
99,149
99,134
99,116
99,090
99,051
14
16
21
31
46
0.99986
0.99984
0.99979
0.99969
0.99954
0.00014
0.00016
0.00021
0.00031
0.00046
66.96
65.97
64.98
64.00
63.02
60
61
62
63
64
88,950
88,117
87,199
86,189
85,080
88,534
87,658
86,694
85,635
84,472
833
918
1,010
1,109
1,217
0.99063
0.98958
0.98842
0.98713
0.98569
0.00937
0.01042
0.01158
0.01287
0.01431
20.57
19.76
18.97
18.18
17.41
15
16
17
18
19
99,028
98,966
98,888
98,798
98,700
98,997
98,927
98,843
98,749
98,648
62
78
90
98
104
0.99937
0.99921
0.99909
0.99901
0.99895
0.00063
0.00079
0.00091
0.00099
0.00105
62.05
61.08
60.13
59.19
58.25
65
66
67
68
69
83,863
82,530
81,073
79,486
77,761
83,197
81,802
80,280
78,624
76,827
1,333
1,457
1,587
1,725
1,869
0.98410
0.98235
0.98042
0.97830
0.97597
0.01590
0.01765
0.01958
0.02170
0.02403
16.66
15.92
15.20
14.49
13.80
20
21
22
23
24
98,596
98,489
98,378
98,264
98,148
98,543
98,434
98,321
98,206
98,090
107
111
114
116
117
0.99891
0.99887
0.99884
0.99882
0.99881
0.00109
0.00113
0.00116
0.00118
0.00119
57.31
56.37
55.43
54.49
53.56
70
71
72
73
74
75,892
73,873
71,700
69,369
66,879
74,883
72,787
70,535
68,124
65,555
2,019
2,173
2,331
2,490
2,648
0.97340
0.97058
0.96749
0.96410
0.96041
0.02660
0.02942
0.03251
0.03590
0.03959
13.13
12.47
11.83
11.22
10.61
25
26
27
28
29
98,031
97,913
97,796
97,679
97,562
97,972
97,855
97,738
97,621
97,503
118
117
117
117
118
0.99880
0.99880
0.99880
0.99880
0.99879
0.00120
0.00120
0.00120
0.00120
0.00121
52.62
51.68
50.75
49.81
48.87
75
76
77
78
79
64,231
61,430
58,483
55,399
52,186
62,831
59,957
56,941
53,793
50,518
2,801
2,947
3,084
3,213
3,336
0.95639
0.95202
0.94727
0.94201
0.93608
0.04361
0.04798
0.05273
0.05799
0.06392
10.03
9.47
8.92
8.39
7.87
30
31
32
33
34
97,444
97,326
97,208
97,089
96,970
97,385
97,267
97,149
97,030
96,910
118
118
119
119
121
0.99879
0.99879
0.99878
0.99877
0.99875
0.00121
0.00121
0.00122
0.00123
0.00125
47.92
46.98
46.04
45.09
44.15
80
81
82
83
84
48,850
45,399
41,844
38,208
34,525
47,125
43,622
40,026
36,367
32,682
3,451
3,555
3,636
3,683
3,687
0.92935
0.92170
0.91311
0.90360
0.89320
0.07065
0.07830
0.08689
0.09640
0.10680
7.38
6.90
6.44
6.01
5.59
35
36
37
38
39
96,849
96,725
96,598
96,467
96,330
96,787
96,662
96,533
96,399
96,258
124
127
131
137
144
0.99872
0.99869
0.99864
0.99858
0.99851
0.00128
0.00131
0.00136
0.00142
0.00149
43.20
42.26
41.31
40.37
39.42
85
86
87
88
89
30,838
27,195
23,642
20,224
16,985
29,017
25,419
21,933
18,605
15,478
3,643
3,553
3,418
3,239
3,014
0.88186
0.86935
0.85543
0.83985
0.82255
0.11814
0.13065
0.14457
0.16015
0.17745
5.20
4.83
4.49
4.16
3.86
40
41
42
43
44
96,186
96,035
95,875
95,704
95,520
96,111
95,955
95,790
95,612
95,421
151
160
171
184
198
0.99843
0.99833
0.99822
0.99808
0.99793
0.00157
0.00167
0.00178
0.00192
0.00207
38.48
37.54
36.60
35.67
34.74
90
91
92
93
94
13,971
11,233
8,816
6,749
5,039
12,602
10,025
7,783
5,894
4,354
2,738
2,417
2,067
1,710
1,371
0.80400
0.78481
0.76552
0.74656
0.72801
0.19600
0.21519
0.23448
0.25344
0.27199
3.58
3.33
3.11
2.91
2.72
45
46
47
48
49
95,322
95,108
94,878
94,628
94,356
95,215
94,993
94,753
94,492
94,209
214
230
250
272
295
0.99776
0.99758
0.99737
0.99713
0.99687
0.00224
0.00242
0.00263
0.00287
0.00313
33.81
32.88
31.96
31.04
30.13
95
96
97
98
99
3,668
2,600
1,792
1,200
779
3,134
2,196
1,496
990
635
1,068
808
592
421
289
0.70892
0.68935
0.66941
0.64917
0.62875
0.29108
0.31065
0.33059
0.35083
0.37125
2.56
2.40
2.26
2.13
2.00
100
490
394
192
0.60826 0.39174
1.89
58
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A1.2
Total Female Population Life Table
2000–2002
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Lives
Number
Dying
(years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
Year
the Age
Age
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Dies
Number
of Life
Dying
Lives
Number
(years)
within
Alive
Remaining
in the Another
Alive in
a
at Exact
at Age x
Age
Year
the Age
Year
Age
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Females Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Females Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,482
99,421
99,394
99,370
99,558
99,452
99,408
99,382
99,359
518
61
27
24
22
0.99482
0.99939
0.99973
0.99976
0.99978
0.00518
0.00061
0.00027
0.00024
0.00022
81.11
80.53
79.58
78.61
77.62
50
51
52
53
54
96,461
96,222
95,960
95,674
95,360
96,342
96,091
95,817
95,517
95,188
239
262
286
314
344
0.99752
0.99728
0.99702
0.99672
0.99639
0.00248
0.00272
0.00298
0.00328
0.00361
32.98
32.07
31.15
30.24
29.34
5
6
7
8
9
99,348
99,329
99,312
99,297
99,284
99,339
99,321
99,305
99,291
99,278
19
17
15
13
12
0.99981
0.99983
0.99985
0.99987
0.99988
0.00019
0.00017
0.00015
0.00013
0.00012
76.64
75.66
74.67
73.68
72.69
55
56
57
58
59
95,016
94,637
94,221
93,763
93,259
94,827
94,429
93,992
93,511
92,983
379
416
458
504
552
0.99601
0.99560
0.99514
0.99463
0.99408
0.00399
0.00440
0.00486
0.00537
0.00592
28.45
27.56
26.68
25.80
24.94
10
11
12
13
14
99,272
99,260
99,247
99,232
99,214
99,266
99,254
99,240
99,223
99,203
12
13
15
18
23
0.99988
0.99987
0.99985
0.99982
0.99977
0.00012
0.00013
0.00015
0.00018
0.00023
71.70
70.71
69.72
68.73
67.74
60
61
62
63
64
92,707
92,103
91,443
90,723
89,941
92,405
91,773
91,083
90,332
89,518
604
660
720
782
847
0.99348
0.99283
0.99213
0.99138
0.99058
0.00652
0.00717
0.00787
0.00862
0.00942
24.09
23.24
22.41
21.58
20.76
15
16
17
18
19
99,191
99,164
99,133
99,098
99,060
99,178
99,149
99,116
99,079
99,040
27
31
35
38
40
0.99973
0.99969
0.99965
0.99962
0.99960
0.00027
0.00031
0.00035
0.00038
0.00040
66.75
65.77
64.79
63.82
62.84
65
66
67
68
69
89,094
88,178
87,192
86,133
84,997
88,636
87,685
86,663
85,565
84,387
916
986
1,059
1,136
1,221
0.98972
0.98882
0.98786
0.98681
0.98564
0.01028
0.01118
0.01214
0.01319
0.01436
19.96
19.16
18.37
17.59
16.82
20
21
22
23
24
99,020
98,979
98,937
98,895
98,852
99,000
98,958
98,916
98,874
98,831
41
42
42
43
43
0.99959
0.99958
0.99958
0.99957
0.99957
0.00041
0.00042
0.00042
0.00043
0.00043
61.86
60.89
59.92
58.94
57.97
70
71
72
73
74
83,776
82,462
81,043
79,506
77,838
83,119
81,753
80,275
78,672
76,932
1,314
1,419
1,537
1,668
1,813
0.98431
0.98279
0.98104
0.97902
0.97671
0.01569
0.01721
0.01896
0.02098
0.02329
16.05
15.30
14.56
13.83
13.12
25
26
27
28
29
98,809
98,766
98,723
98,678
98,632
98,788
98,745
98,701
98,655
98,608
43
43
45
46
48
0.99956
0.99956
0.99954
0.99953
0.99951
0.00044
0.00044
0.00046
0.00047
0.00049
56.99
56.02
55.04
54.07
53.09
75
76
77
78
79
76,025
74,054
71,912
69,588
67,071
75,040
72,983
70,750
68,330
65,712
1,971
2,142
2,324
2,517
2,718
0.97408
0.97107
0.96768
0.96383
0.95948
0.02592
0.02893
0.03232
0.03617
0.04052
12.42
11.74
11.07
10.43
9.80
30
31
32
33
34
98,584
98,533
98,480
98,424
98,365
98,559
98,507
98,452
98,395
98,334
51
53
56
59
62
0.99948
0.99946
0.99943
0.99940
0.99937
0.00052
0.00054
0.00057
0.00060
0.00063
52.12
51.14
50.17
49.20
48.23
80
81
82
83
84
64,353
61,429
58,300
54,971
51,453
62,891
59,865
56,636
53,212
49,606
2,924
3,129
3,329
3,518
3,694
0.95457
0.94906
0.94290
0.93601
0.92820
0.04543
0.05094
0.05710
0.06399
0.07180
9.19
8.60
8.04
7.50
6.97
35
36
37
38
39
98,303
98,238
98,170
98,098
98,021
98,271
98,204
98,134
98,060
97,980
65
68
72
77
83
0.99934
0.99931
0.99927
0.99922
0.99915
0.00066
0.00069
0.00073
0.00078
0.00085
47.26
46.29
45.32
44.35
43.39
85
86
87
88
89
47,759
43,903
39,908
35,808
31,648
45,831
41,906
37,858
33,728
29,570
3,856
3,995
4,100
4,160
4,156
0.91927
0.90901
0.89726
0.88383
0.86868
0.08073
0.09099
0.10274
0.11617
0.13132
6.47
6.00
5.55
5.13
4.74
40
41
42
43
44
97,938
97,848
97,748
97,638
97,515
97,893
97,798
97,693
97,577
97,447
90
100
110
123
137
0.99908
0.99898
0.99887
0.99874
0.99860
0.00092
0.00102
0.00113
0.00126
0.00140
42.42
41.46
40.50
39.55
38.60
90
91
92
93
94
27,492
23,427
19,552
15,963
12,739
25,460
21,490
17,758
14,351
11,336
4,065
3,875
3,589
3,224
2,807
0.85214
0.83460
0.81644
0.79802
0.77967
0.14786
0.16540
0.18356
0.20198
0.22033
4.38
4.05
3.75
3.48
3.24
45
46
47
48
49
97,378
97,227
97,061
96,879
96,679
97,303
97,144
96,970
96,779
96,570
151
166
182
200
218
0.99845
0.99829
0.99812
0.99794
0.99774
0.00155
0.00171
0.00188
0.00206
0.00226
37.65
36.71
35.77
34.84
33.91
95
96
97
98
99
9,932
7,552
5,591
4,023
2,808
8,742
6,572
4,807
3,416
2,353
2,380
1,961
1,568
1,215
911
0.76042
0.74032
0.71946
0.69789
0.67573
0.23958
0.25968
0.28054
0.30211
0.32427
3.01
2.81
2.61
2.44
2.28
100
1,897
1,568
658
0.65307 0.34693
2.13
59
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A1.3
Mäori Male Population Life Table
2000–2002
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Lives
Number
Dying
(years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
Year
the Age
Age
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Dies
Number
of Life
Dying
Lives
Number
(years)
within
Alive
Remaining
in the Another
Alive in
a
at Exact
at Age x
Age
Year
the Age
Year
Age
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Males Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Males Born
x
Lx
lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,163
99,066
99,018
98,976
99,339
99,115
99,042
98,997
98,958
837
97
48
42
36
0.99163
0.99902
0.99952
0.99958
0.99964
0.00837
0.00098
0.00048
0.00042
0.00036
68.99
68.57
67.64
66.67
65.70
50
51
52
53
54
89,823
89,040
88,175
87,223
86,179
89,432
88,608
87,699
86,701
85,609
783
865
952
1,044
1,140
0.99128
0.99028
0.98920
0.98803
0.98677
0.00872
0.00972
0.01080
0.01197
0.01323
23.04
22.24
21.46
20.68
19.93
5
6
7
8
9
98,940
98,909
98,882
98,859
98,839
98,925
98,896
98,871
98,849
98,831
31
27
23
20
17
0.99969
0.99973
0.99977
0.99980
0.99983
0.00031
0.00027
0.00023
0.00020
0.00017
64.72
63.74
62.76
61.78
60.79
55
56
57
58
59
85,039
83,799
82,455
81,005
79,446
84,419
83,127
81,730
80,226
78,611
1,240
1,344
1,450
1,559
1,671
0.98542
0.98396
0.98241
0.98075
0.97897
0.01458
0.01604
0.01759
0.01925
0.02103
19.19
18.47
17.76
17.07
16.39
10
11
12
13
14
98,822
98,807
98,791
98,770
98,738
98,815
98,799
98,781
98,754
98,713
15
16
21
32
50
0.99985
0.99984
0.99979
0.99968
0.99949
0.00015
0.00016
0.00021
0.00032
0.00051
59.80
58.81
57.82
56.83
55.85
60
61
62
63
64
77,775
75,992
74,098
72,092
69,975
76,884
75,045
73,095
71,034
68,861
1,783
1,894
2,006
2,117
2,228
0.97708
0.97507
0.97293
0.97063
0.96816
0.02292
0.02493
0.02707
0.02937
0.03184
15.73
15.09
14.46
13.85
13.26
15
16
17
18
19
98,688
98,613
98,514
98,396
98,264
98,651
98,564
98,455
98,330
98,193
75
99
118
132
142
0.99924
0.99900
0.99880
0.99866
0.99855
0.00076
0.00100
0.00120
0.00134
0.00145
54.87
53.92
52.97
52.03
51.10
65
66
67
68
69
67,747
65,408
62,960
60,404
57,744
66,578
64,184
61,682
59,074
56,364
2,339
2,448
2,556
2,660
2,760
0.96548
0.96257
0.95941
0.95596
0.95221
0.03452
0.03743
0.04059
0.04404
0.04779
12.68
12.11
11.56
11.03
10.52
20
21
22
23
24
98,122
97,972
97,817
97,660
97,501
98,047
97,895
97,739
97,581
97,421
150
155
157
159
161
0.99847
0.99842
0.99839
0.99837
0.99835
0.00153
0.00158
0.00161
0.00163
0.00165
50.18
49.25
48.33
47.41
46.48
70
71
72
73
74
54,984
52,133
49,199
46,198
43,151
53,559
50,666
47,699
44,675
41,617
2,851
2,934
3,001
3,047
3,069
0.94814
0.94372
0.93901
0.93404
0.92887
0.05186
0.05628
0.06099
0.06596
0.07113
10.02
9.54
9.08
8.64
8.21
25
26
27
28
29
97,340
97,178
97,014
96,847
96,677
97,259
97,096
96,931
96,762
96,590
162
164
167
170
175
0.99834
0.99831
0.99828
0.99824
0.99819
0.00166
0.00169
0.00172
0.00176
0.00181
45.56
44.63
43.71
42.78
41.86
75
76
77
78
79
40,082
37,018
33,987
31,018
28,137
38,550
35,503
32,503
29,578
26,754
3,064
3,031
2,969
2,881
2,767
0.92355
0.91812
0.91263
0.90713
0.90165
0.07645
0.08188
0.08737
0.09287
0.09835
7.80
7.41
7.02
6.65
6.28
30
31
32
33
34
96,502
96,323
96,138
95,948
95,751
96,413
96,231
96,043
95,850
95,649
179
185
190
197
204
0.99814
0.99808
0.99802
0.99795
0.99787
0.00186
0.00192
0.00198
0.00205
0.00213
40.93
40.01
39.08
38.16
37.24
80
81
82
83
84
25,370
22,731
20,207
17,764
15,387
24,051
21,469
18,986
16,576
14,251
2,639
2,524
2,443
2,377
2,272
0.89599
0.88895
0.87911
0.86619
0.85232
0.10401
0.11105
0.12089
0.13381
0.14768
5.91
5.53
5.16
4.80
4.47
35
36
37
38
39
95,547
95,336
95,116
94,886
94,643
95,442
95,226
95,001
94,765
94,514
211
220
230
243
258
0.99779
0.99769
0.99758
0.99744
0.99727
0.00221
0.00231
0.00242
0.00256
0.00273
36.32
35.39
34.47
33.56
32.64
85
86
87
88
89
13,115
10,984
9,026
7,266
5,721
12,050
10,005
8,146
6,494
5,060
2,131
1,958
1,760
1,545
1,323
0.83750
0.82172
0.80498
0.78730
0.76872
0.16250
0.17828
0.19502
0.21270
0.23128
4.16
3.86
3.59
3.34
3.11
40
41
42
43
44
94,385
94,107
93,804
93,472
93,105
94,246
93,956
93,638
93,289
92,901
278
303
332
367
408
0.99705
0.99678
0.99646
0.99607
0.99562
0.00295
0.00322
0.00354
0.00393
0.00438
31.73
30.82
29.92
29.02
28.14
90
91
92
93
94
4,398
3,295
2,402
1,700
1,167
3,847
2,849
2,051
1,434
971
1,103
893
702
533
392
0.74926
0.72898
0.70794
0.68621
0.66389
0.25074
0.27102
0.29206
0.31379
0.33611
2.90
2.70
2.52
2.35
2.19
45
46
47
48
49
92,697
92,242
91,733
91,164
90,529
92,470
91,988
91,449
90,847
90,176
455
509
569
635
706
0.99509
0.99448
0.99380
0.99304
0.99220
0.00491
0.00552
0.00620
0.00696
0.00780
27.26
26.39
25.53
24.69
23.86
95
96
97
98
99
775
497
307
182
104
636
402
245
143
81
278
190
125
78
47
0.64108
0.61788
0.59442
0.57085
0.54729
0.35892
0.38212
0.40558
0.42915
0.45271
2.05
1.92
1.80
1.69
1.59
100
57
44
27
0.52392 0.47608
1.48
60
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A1.4
Mäori Female Population Life Table
2000–2002
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Lives
Number
Dying
(years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
Year
the Age
Age
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Dies
Number
of Life
Dying
Lives
Number
(years)
within
Alive
Remaining
in the Another
Alive in
a
at Exact
at Age x
Age
Year
the Age
Year
Age
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Females Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Females Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,274
99,198
99,163
99,132
99,410
99,236
99,181
99,148
99,119
726
76
35
31
27
0.99274
0.99923
0.99965
0.99969
0.99973
0.00726
0.00077
0.00035
0.00031
0.00027
73.18
72.72
71.77
70.80
69.82
50
51
52
53
54
93,248
92,633
91,955
91,211
90,400
92,941
92,294
91,583
90,806
89,960
615
678
744
811
880
0.99341
0.99268
0.99191
0.99111
0.99027
0.00659
0.00732
0.00809
0.00889
0.00973
26.04
25.21
24.39
23.59
22.79
5
6
7
8
9
99,105
99,082
99,062
99,044
99,028
99,094
99,072
99,053
99,036
99,021
23
20
18
16
15
0.99977
0.99980
0.99982
0.99984
0.99985
0.00023
0.00020
0.00018
0.00016
0.00015
68.84
67.85
66.87
65.88
64.89
55
56
57
58
59
89,520
88,567
87,534
86,414
85,200
89,044
88,051
86,974
85,807
84,541
953
1,033
1,120
1,214
1,318
0.98935
0.98834
0.98721
0.98595
0.98453
0.01065
0.01166
0.01279
0.01405
0.01547
22.01
21.24
20.49
19.75
19.02
10
11
12
13
14
99,013
98,999
98,984
98,967
98,946
99,006
98,992
98,976
98,957
98,933
14
15
17
21
26
0.99986
0.99985
0.99983
0.99979
0.99974
0.00014
0.00015
0.00017
0.00021
0.00026
63.90
62.91
61.92
60.93
59.94
60
61
62
63
64
83,882
82,449
80,892
79,201
77,371
83,166
81,671
80,047
78,286
76,387
1,433
1,557
1,691
1,830
1,968
0.98292
0.98112
0.97910
0.97690
0.97457
0.01708
0.01888
0.02090
0.02310
0.02543
18.31
17.62
16.95
16.30
15.68
15
16
17
18
19
98,920
98,886
98,843
98,794
98,740
98,903
98,865
98,819
98,767
98,711
34
43
49
54
58
0.99966
0.99957
0.99950
0.99945
0.99941
0.00034
0.00043
0.00050
0.00055
0.00059
58.96
57.98
57.00
56.03
55.06
65
66
67
68
69
75,403
73,303
71,080
68,749
66,327
74,353
72,192
69,915
67,538
65,081
2,100
2,223
2,331
2,422
2,493
0.97215
0.96968
0.96721
0.96477
0.96242
0.02785
0.03032
0.03279
0.03523
0.03758
15.07
14.49
13.93
13.38
12.85
20
21
22
23
24
98,682
98,622
98,560
98,497
98,433
98,652
98,591
98,529
98,465
98,400
60
62
63
64
66
0.99939
0.99937
0.99936
0.99935
0.99933
0.00061
0.00063
0.00064
0.00065
0.00067
54.09
53.13
52.16
51.19
50.23
70
71
72
73
74
63,834
61,293
58,725
56,146
53,562
62,564
60,009
57,436
54,854
52,269
2,541
2,568
2,579
2,584
2,587
0.96020
0.95811
0.95608
0.95398
0.95171
0.03980
0.04189
0.04392
0.04602
0.04829
12.34
11.83
11.32
10.82
10.32
25
26
27
28
29
98,367
98,298
98,225
98,146
98,062
98,333
98,262
98,186
98,104
98,016
69
73
79
84
92
0.99930
0.99926
0.99920
0.99914
0.99906
0.00070
0.00074
0.00080
0.00086
0.00094
49.26
48.29
47.33
46.37
45.41
75
76
77
78
79
50,975
48,383
45,780
43,160
40,515
49,679
47,082
44,470
41,838
39,177
2,592
2,603
2,620
2,645
2,676
0.94916
0.94621
0.94277
0.93872
0.93396
0.05084
0.05379
0.05723
0.06128
0.06604
9.81
9.31
8.81
8.32
7.83
30
31
32
33
34
97,970
97,871
97,764
97,650
97,528
97,921
97,818
97,707
97,589
97,463
99
107
114
122
130
0.99899
0.99891
0.99883
0.99875
0.99867
0.00101
0.00109
0.00117
0.00125
0.00133
44.45
43.49
42.54
41.59
40.64
80
81
82
83
84
37,839
35,127
32,367
29,544
26,659
36,483
33,747
30,956
28,102
25,214
2,712
2,760
2,823
2,885
2,891
0.92833
0.92142
0.91278
0.90236
0.89157
0.07167
0.07858
0.08722
0.09764
0.10843
7.35
6.88
6.42
5.99
5.58
35
36
37
38
39
97,398
97,262
97,119
96,968
96,808
97,330
97,191
97,044
96,888
96,723
136
143
151
160
171
0.99860
0.99853
0.99845
0.99835
0.99823
0.00140
0.00147
0.00155
0.00165
0.00177
39.69
38.75
37.80
36.86
35.92
85
86
87
88
89
23,768
20,913
18,138
15,485
12,995
22,341
19,526
16,812
14,240
11,850
2,855
2,775
2,653
2,490
2,291
0.87989
0.86729
0.85375
0.83922
0.82371
0.12011
0.13271
0.14625
0.16078
0.17629
5.20
4.84
4.50
4.19
3.89
40
41
42
43
44
96,637
96,450
96,244
96,013
95,753
96,544
96,347
96,129
95,883
95,605
187
206
231
260
297
0.99807
0.99786
0.99760
0.99729
0.99690
0.00193
0.00214
0.00240
0.00271
0.00310
34.98
34.05
33.12
32.20
31.29
90
91
92
93
94
10,704
8,640
6,823
5,261
3,954
9,672
7,732
6,042
4,608
3,423
2,064
1,817
1,562
1,307
1,063
0.80719
0.78966
0.77113
0.75160
0.73111
0.19281
0.21034
0.22887
0.24840
0.26889
3.62
3.37
3.13
2.91
2.71
45
46
47
48
49
95,456
95,117
94,731
94,293
93,800
95,287
94,924
94,512
94,047
93,524
339
386
438
493
552
0.99645
0.99594
0.99538
0.99477
0.99411
0.00355
0.00406
0.00462
0.00523
0.00589
30.38
29.49
28.61
27.74
26.88
95
96
97
98
99
2,891
2,052
1,410
936
599
2,472
1,731
1,173
768
484
839
642
474
337
230
0.70968
0.68735
0.66418
0.64024
0.61560
0.29032
0.31265
0.33582
0.35976
0.38440
2.52
2.34
2.18
2.04
1.90
100
369
294
151
0.59034 0.40966
1.77
61
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A1.5
Non-Mäori Male Population Life Table
2000–2002
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Lives
Number
Dying
(years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
Year
the Age
Age
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Dies
Number
of Life
Dying
Lives
Number
(years)
within
Alive
Remaining
in the Another
Alive in
a
at Exact
at Age x
Age
Year
the Age
Year
Age
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Males Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Males Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,482
99,422
99,396
99,373
99,564
99,452
99,409
99,385
99,363
518
60
26
23
20
0.99482
0.99940
0.99974
0.99977
0.99980
0.00518
0.00060
0.00026
0.00023
0.00020
77.15
76.56
75.60
74.62
73.64
50
51
52
53
54
94,784
94,511
94,210
93,878
93,512
94,648
94,361
94,044
93,695
93,310
273
301
332
366
405
0.99712
0.99682
0.99648
0.99610
0.99567
0.00288
0.00318
0.00352
0.00390
0.00433
29.74
28.82
27.91
27.01
26.11
5
6
7
8
9
99,353
99,335
99,320
99,307
99,295
99,344
99,328
99,314
99,301
99,289
18
15
13
12
12
0.99982
0.99985
0.99987
0.99988
0.99988
0.00018
0.00015
0.00013
0.00012
0.00012
72.65
71.67
70.68
69.69
68.69
55
56
57
58
59
93,107
92,659
92,163
91,616
91,010
92,883
92,411
91,890
91,313
90,675
448
496
547
606
670
0.99519
0.99465
0.99406
0.99339
0.99264
0.00481
0.00535
0.00594
0.00661
0.00736
25.22
24.34
23.47
22.61
21.76
10
11
12
13
14
99,283
99,270
99,254
99,233
99,202
99,277
99,262
99,244
99,218
99,180
13
16
21
31
44
0.99987
0.99984
0.99979
0.99969
0.99956
0.00013
0.00016
0.00021
0.00031
0.00044
67.70
66.71
65.72
64.74
63.76
60
61
62
63
64
90,340
89,598
88,776
87,865
86,855
89,969
89,187
88,321
87,360
86,296
742
822
911
1,010
1,118
0.99179
0.99083
0.98974
0.98851
0.98713
0.00821
0.00917
0.01026
0.01149
0.01287
20.91
20.08
19.26
18.46
17.67
15
16
17
18
19
99,158
99,101
99,032
98,952
98,863
99,130
99,067
98,992
98,908
98,815
57
69
80
89
96
0.99943
0.99930
0.99919
0.99910
0.99903
0.00057
0.00070
0.00081
0.00090
0.00097
62.78
61.82
60.86
59.91
58.96
65
66
67
68
69
85,737
84,501
83,137
81,636
79,988
85,119
83,819
82,387
80,812
79,086
1,236
1,364
1,501
1,648
1,804
0.98558
0.98386
0.98194
0.97981
0.97745
0.01442
0.01614
0.01806
0.02019
0.02255
16.89
16.13
15.39
14.66
13.95
20
21
22
23
24
98,767
98,666
98,561
98,455
98,348
98,717
98,614
98,508
98,402
98,294
101
105
106
107
108
0.99898
0.99894
0.99892
0.99891
0.99890
0.00102
0.00106
0.00108
0.00109
0.00110
58.02
57.08
56.14
55.20
54.26
70
71
72
73
74
78,184
76,218
74,082
71,774
69,291
77,201
75,150
72,928
70,533
67,962
1,966
2,136
2,308
2,483
2,658
0.97485
0.97198
0.96884
0.96540
0.96164
0.02515
0.02802
0.03116
0.03460
0.03836
13.26
12.59
11.94
11.31
10.70
25
26
27
28
29
98,240
98,132
98,025
97,918
97,812
98,186
98,079
97,972
97,865
97,760
108
107
107
106
105
0.99890
0.99891
0.99891
0.99892
0.99893
0.00110
0.00109
0.00109
0.00108
0.00107
53.32
52.38
51.43
50.49
49.54
75
76
77
78
79
66,633
63,805
60,815
57,673
54,387
65,219
62,310
59,244
56,030
52,676
2,828
2,990
3,142
3,286
3,423
0.95756
0.95314
0.94833
0.94302
0.93706
0.04244
0.04686
0.05167
0.05698
0.06294
10.10
9.53
8.97
8.43
7.91
30
31
32
33
34
97,707
97,603
97,500
97,397
97,292
97,655
97,552
97,449
97,345
97,239
104
103
103
105
107
0.99894
0.99894
0.99894
0.99892
0.99890
0.00106
0.00106
0.00106
0.00108
0.00110
48.60
47.65
46.70
45.75
44.80
80
81
82
83
84
50,964
47,411
43,742
39,980
36,160
49,188
45,577
41,861
38,070
34,244
3,553
3,669
3,762
3,820
3,832
0.93029
0.92261
0.91399
0.90445
0.89402
0.06971
0.07739
0.08601
0.09555
0.10598
7.41
6.93
6.47
6.03
5.62
35
36
37
38
39
97,185
97,075
96,962
96,845
96,723
97,130
97,019
96,904
96,784
96,659
110
113
117
122
128
0.99887
0.99884
0.99879
0.99874
0.99868
0.00113
0.00116
0.00121
0.00126
0.00132
43.84
42.89
41.94
40.99
40.04
85
86
87
88
89
32,328
28,534
24,828
21,257
17,868
30,431
26,681
23,043
19,563
16,289
3,794
3,706
3,571
3,389
3,159
0.88265
0.87011
0.85616
0.84055
0.82322
0.11735
0.12989
0.14384
0.15945
0.17678
5.22
4.85
4.50
4.17
3.87
40
41
42
43
44
96,595
96,461
96,320
96,171
96,013
96,528
96,391
96,246
96,092
95,929
134
141
149
158
168
0.99861
0.99854
0.99845
0.99836
0.99825
0.00139
0.00146
0.00155
0.00164
0.00175
39.10
38.15
37.20
36.26
35.32
90
91
92
93
94
14,709
11,835
9,295
7,121
5,320
13,272
10,565
8,208
6,221
4,598
2,874
2,540
2,174
1,801
1,444
0.80464
0.78542
0.76610
0.74711
0.72853
0.19536
0.21458
0.23390
0.25289
0.27147
3.59
3.34
3.12
2.91
2.73
45
46
47
48
49
95,845
95,665
95,471
95,261
95,033
95,755
95,568
95,366
95,147
94,909
180
194
210
228
249
0.99812
0.99797
0.99780
0.99761
0.99738
0.00188
0.00203
0.00220
0.00239
0.00262
34.38
33.45
32.51
31.58
30.66
95
96
97
98
99
3,876
2,750
1,897
1,271
826
3,313
2,324
1,584
1,049
673
1,126
853
626
445
306
0.70941
0.68981
0.66984
0.64957
0.62912
0.29059
0.31019
0.33016
0.35043
0.37088
2.56
2.41
2.26
2.13
2.01
100
520
418
204
0.60860 0.39140
1.90
62
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A1.6
Non-Mäori Female Population Life Table
2000–2002
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Lives
Dying
(years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
Year
the Age
Age
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Dies
Number
of Life
Dying
Lives
Number
(years)
within
Alive
Remaining
in the Another
Alive in
a
at Exact
at Age x
Age
Year
the Age
Year
Age
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Females Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Females Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,562
99,508
99,482
99,459
99,616
99,535
99,495
99,471
99,449
438
54
26
23
20
0.99562
0.99946
0.99974
0.99977
0.99980
0.00438
0.00054
0.00026
0.00023
0.00020
81.94
81.30
80.34
79.36
78.38
50
51
52
53
54
97,019
96,820
96,601
96,360
96,095
96,920
96,711
96,481
96,228
95,949
199
219
241
265
292
0.99795
0.99774
0.99751
0.99725
0.99696
0.00205
0.00226
0.00249
0.00275
0.00304
33.54
32.61
31.68
30.76
29.84
5
6
7
8
9
99,439
99,421
99,406
99,393
99,382
99,430
99,414
99,400
99,388
99,377
18
15
13
11
10
0.99982
0.99985
0.99987
0.99989
0.99990
0.00018
0.00015
0.00013
0.00011
0.00010
77.40
76.41
75.42
74.43
73.44
55
56
57
58
59
95,803
95,481
95,125
94,732
94,299
95,642
95,303
94,929
94,516
94,061
322
356
393
433
476
0.99664
0.99627
0.99587
0.99543
0.99495
0.00336
0.00373
0.00413
0.00457
0.00505
28.93
28.03
27.13
26.24
25.36
10
11
12
13
14
99,372
99,362
99,351
99,338
99,322
99,367
99,357
99,345
99,330
99,312
10
11
13
16
20
0.99990
0.99989
0.99987
0.99984
0.99980
0.00010
0.00011
0.00013
0.00016
0.00020
72.45
71.45
70.46
69.47
68.48
60
61
62
63
64
93,823
93,300
92,727
92,101
91,419
93,562
93,014
92,414
91,760
91,049
523
573
626
682
740
0.99443
0.99386
0.99325
0.99260
0.99191
0.00557
0.00614
0.00675
0.00740
0.00809
24.49
23.62
22.76
21.91
21.07
15
16
17
18
19
99,302
99,278
99,250
99,219
99,185
99,290
99,264
99,235
99,202
99,168
24
28
31
34
35
0.99976
0.99972
0.99969
0.99966
0.99965
0.00024
0.00028
0.00031
0.00034
0.00035
67.50
66.51
65.53
64.55
63.57
65
66
67
68
69
90,679
89,877
89,009
88,066
87,041
90,278
89,443
88,538
87,554
86,482
802
868
943
1,025
1,118
0.99116
0.99034
0.98941
0.98836
0.98715
0.00884
0.00966
0.01059
0.01164
0.01285
20.24
19.42
18.60
17.80
17.00
20
21
22
23
24
99,150
99,113
99,076
99,039
99,002
99,132
99,095
99,058
99,021
98,984
37
37
37
37
37
0.99963
0.99963
0.99963
0.99963
0.99963
0.00037
0.00037
0.00037
0.00037
0.00037
62.60
61.62
60.64
59.66
58.69
70
71
72
73
74
85,923
84,699
83,356
81,880
80,256
85,311
84,028
82,618
81,068
79,364
1,224
1,343
1,476
1,624
1,785
0.98575
0.98414
0.98229
0.98017
0.97776
0.01425
0.01586
0.01771
0.01983
0.02224
16.22
15.44
14.68
13.94
13.21
25
26
27
28
29
98,965
98,928
98,891
98,853
98,814
98,947
98,910
98,872
98,834
98,794
37
37
38
39
40
0.99963
0.99963
0.99962
0.99961
0.99960
0.00037
0.00037
0.00038
0.00039
0.00040
57.71
56.73
55.75
54.77
53.79
75
76
77
78
79
78,471
76,512
74,366
72,023
69,475
77,492
75,439
73,195
70,749
68,094
1,959
2,146
2,343
2,548
2,762
0.97503
0.97195
0.96850
0.96462
0.96025
0.02497
0.02805
0.03150
0.03538
0.03975
12.50
11.81
11.13
10.48
9.85
30
31
32
33
34
98,774
98,733
98,690
98,645
98,598
98,754
98,712
98,668
98,622
98,573
41
43
45
47
50
0.99958
0.99956
0.99954
0.99952
0.99949
0.00042
0.00044
0.00046
0.00048
0.00051
52.81
51.84
50.86
49.88
48.91
80
81
82
83
84
66,713
63,733
60,534
57,122
53,507
65,223
62,134
58,828
55,315
51,605
2,980
3,199
3,412
3,615
3,805
0.95533
0.94981
0.94363
0.93671
0.92888
0.04467
0.05019
0.05637
0.06329
0.07112
9.23
8.64
8.07
7.52
7.00
35
36
37
38
39
98,548
98,496
98,440
98,380
98,316
98,522
98,468
98,410
98,348
98,281
52
56
60
64
70
0.99947
0.99943
0.99939
0.99935
0.99929
0.00053
0.00057
0.00061
0.00065
0.00071
47.93
46.96
45.98
45.01
44.04
85
86
87
88
89
49,702
45,722
41,591
37,343
33,027
47,712
43,657
39,467
35,185
30,868
3,980
4,131
4,248
4,316
4,318
0.91993
0.90965
0.89787
0.88442
0.86925
0.08007
0.09035
0.10213
0.11558
0.13075
6.49
6.02
5.56
5.14
4.75
40
41
42
43
44
98,246
98,170
98,087
97,995
97,893
98,208
98,129
98,041
97,944
97,837
76
83
92
102
113
0.99923
0.99915
0.99906
0.99896
0.99885
0.00077
0.00085
0.00094
0.00104
0.00115
43.07
42.10
41.14
40.18
39.22
90
91
92
93
94
28,709
24,480
20,444
16,702
13,336
26,595
22,462
18,573
15,019
11,870
4,229
4,036
3,742
3,366
2,932
0.85268
0.83512
0.81694
0.79849
0.78012
0.14732
0.16488
0.18306
0.20151
0.21988
4.39
4.06
3.76
3.49
3.24
45
46
47
48
49
97,780
97,655
97,517
97,366
97,200
97,718
97,586
97,442
97,283
97,110
125
138
151
166
181
0.99872
0.99859
0.99845
0.99830
0.99814
0.00128
0.00141
0.00155
0.00170
0.00186
38.26
37.31
36.36
35.42
34.48
95
96
97
98
99
10,404
7,916
5,864
4,221
2,947
9,160
6,890
5,043
3,584
2,470
2,488
2,052
1,643
1,274
955
0.76085
0.74073
0.71984
0.69825
0.67607
0.23915
0.25927
0.28016
0.30175
0.32393
3.02
2.81
2.62
2.44
2.28
100
1,992
1,647
690
0.65338 0.34662
2.13
63
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Appendix 2
New Zealand life tables, 1995–1997 (revised)
64
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A2.1
Total Male Population Life Table
1995–1997
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Males Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Males Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,278
99,209
99,169
99,134
99,424
99,244
99,189
99,152
99,119
722
69
40
35
31
0.99278
0.99931
0.99960
0.99965
0.99969
0.00722
0.00069
0.00040
0.00035
0.00031
74.41
73.95
73.00
72.03
71.05
50
51
52
53
54
93,213
92,825
92,393
91,913
91,381
93,019
92,609
92,153
91,647
91,087
388
432
480
532
589
0.99584
0.99535
0.99481
0.99421
0.99355
0.00416
0.00465
0.00519
0.00579
0.00645
27.66
26.77
25.90
25.03
24.17
5
6
7
8
9
99,103
99,076
99,053
99,033
99,016
99,090
99,065
99,043
99,025
99,008
27
23
20
17
16
0.99973
0.99977
0.99980
0.99983
0.99984
0.00027
0.00023
0.00020
0.00017
0.00016
70.07
69.09
68.11
67.12
66.13
55
56
57
58
59
90,792
90,140
89,422
88,632
87,764
90,466
89,781
89,027
88,198
87,289
652
718
790
868
950
0.99282
0.99203
0.99116
0.99021
0.98917
0.00718
0.00797
0.00884
0.00979
0.01083
23.32
22.49
21.67
20.86
20.06
10
11
12
13
14
99,000
98,984
98,967
98,946
98,917
98,992
98,976
98,957
98,932
98,896
16
17
21
29
42
0.99984
0.99983
0.99979
0.99971
0.99958
0.00016
0.00017
0.00021
0.00029
0.00042
65.14
64.15
63.17
62.18
61.20
60
61
62
63
64
86,814
85,774
84,637
83,397
82,048
86,294
85,206
84,017
82,723
81,315
1,040
1,137
1,240
1,349
1,466
0.98802
0.98675
0.98535
0.98382
0.98213
0.01198
0.01325
0.01465
0.01618
0.01787
19.27
18.50
17.74
17.00
16.27
15
16
17
18
19
98,875
98,813
98,722
98,602
98,457
98,844
98,768
98,662
98,530
98,379
62
91
120
145
157
0.99937
0.99908
0.99878
0.99853
0.99841
0.00063
0.00092
0.00122
0.00147
0.00159
60.22
59.26
58.31
57.38
56.47
65
66
67
68
69
80,582
78,993
77,276
75,425
73,437
79,788
78,135
76,351
74,431
72,372
1,589
1,717
1,851
1,988
2,130
0.98028
0.97826
0.97605
0.97364
0.97099
0.01972
0.02174
0.02395
0.02636
0.02901
15.55
14.86
14.18
13.51
12.86
20
21
22
23
24
98,300
98,142
97,986
97,833
97,683
98,221
98,064
97,910
97,758
97,610
158
156
153
150
146
0.99839
0.99841
0.99844
0.99847
0.99851
0.00161
0.00159
0.00156
0.00153
0.00149
55.56
54.65
53.73
52.82
51.90
70
71
72
73
74
71,307
69,032
66,610
64,041
61,328
70,170
67,821
65,326
62,685
59,902
2,275
2,422
2,569
2,713
2,853
0.96809
0.96491
0.96143
0.95763
0.95348
0.03191
0.03509
0.03857
0.04237
0.04652
12.23
11.62
11.02
10.45
9.89
25
26
27
28
29
97,537
97,395
97,256
97,120
96,987
97,466
97,326
97,188
97,054
96,922
142
139
136
133
131
0.99854
0.99857
0.99860
0.99863
0.99865
0.00146
0.00143
0.00140
0.00137
0.00135
50.97
50.05
49.12
48.19
47.25
75
76
77
78
79
58,475
55,492
52,389
49,181
45,881
56,984
53,941
50,785
47,531
44,192
2,983
3,103
3,208
3,300
3,379
0.94898
0.94408
0.93877
0.93291
0.92636
0.05102
0.05592
0.06123
0.06709
0.07364
9.34
8.82
8.31
7.82
7.35
30
31
32
33
34
96,856
96,727
96,599
96,472
96,345
96,792
96,663
96,536
96,409
96,282
129
128
127
127
127
0.99867
0.99868
0.99869
0.99868
0.99868
0.00133
0.00132
0.00131
0.00132
0.00132
46.31
45.38
44.43
43.49
42.55
80
81
82
83
84
42,502
39,059
35,570
32,065
28,582
40,781
37,315
33,818
30,324
26,874
3,443
3,489
3,505
3,483
3,416
0.91899
0.91068
0.90147
0.89139
0.88050
0.08101
0.08932
0.09853
0.10861
0.11950
6.89
6.46
6.04
5.65
5.27
35
36
37
38
39
96,218
96,089
95,957
95,822
95,682
96,154
96,023
95,890
95,752
95,609
129
132
135
140
146
0.99866
0.99863
0.99859
0.99854
0.99847
0.00134
0.00137
0.00141
0.00146
0.00153
41.60
40.66
39.72
38.77
37.83
85
86
87
88
89
25,166
21,864
18,719
15,768
13,044
23,515
20,292
17,244
14,406
11,811
3,302
3,145
2,951
2,724
2,467
0.86880
0.85614
0.84235
0.82727
0.81087
0.13120
0.14386
0.15765
0.17273
0.18913
4.92
4.59
4.28
3.98
3.71
40
41
42
43
44
95,536
95,382
95,218
95,042
94,850
95,459
95,300
95,130
94,946
94,745
154
164
176
192
210
0.99839
0.99828
0.99815
0.99798
0.99779
0.00161
0.00172
0.00185
0.00202
0.00221
36.88
35.94
35.00
34.07
33.14
90
91
92
93
94
10,577
8,393
6,510
4,934
3,648
9,485
7,452
5,722
4,291
3,138
2,184
1,883
1,576
1,286
1,021
0.79353
0.77570
0.75784
0.73928
0.72007
0.20647
0.22430
0.24216
0.26072
0.27993
3.46
3.23
3.02
2.83
2.64
45
46
47
48
49
94,640
94,410
94,156
93,874
93,561
94,525
94,283
94,015
93,718
93,387
230
254
282
313
348
0.99757
0.99731
0.99701
0.99667
0.99628
0.00243
0.00269
0.00299
0.00333
0.00372
32.21
31.28
30.37
29.46
28.55
95
96
97
98
99
2,627
1,840
1,251
825
527
2,234
1,546
1,038
676
426
787
589
426
298
202
0.70030
0.68002
0.65933
0.63833
0.61712
0.29970
0.31998
0.34067
0.36167
0.38288
2.48
2.32
2.18
2.05
1.93
100
325
260
131
0.59581 0.40419
1.82
65
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A2.2
Total Female Population Life Table
1995–1997
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Females Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Females Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,370
99,306
99,277
99,251
99,482
99,338
99,292
99,264
99,240
630
64
29
26
23
0.99371
0.99936
0.99971
0.99974
0.99977
0.00630
0.00064
0.00029
0.00026
0.00023
79.67
79.17
78.22
77.25
76.27
50
51
52
53
54
95,844
95,556
95,238
94,887
94,501
95,700
95,397
95,063
94,694
94,290
288
318
351
386
423
0.99700
0.99667
0.99631
0.99593
0.99552
0.00300
0.00333
0.00369
0.00407
0.00448
31.84
30.93
30.03
29.14
28.26
5
6
7
8
9
99,228
99,208
99,191
99,176
99,163
99,218
99,200
99,184
99,170
99,157
20
17
15
13
13
0.99980
0.99983
0.99985
0.99987
0.99987
0.00020
0.00017
0.00015
0.00013
0.00013
75.28
74.30
73.31
72.32
71.33
55
56
57
58
59
94,078
93,616
93,113
92,568
91,978
93,847
93,365
92,841
92,273
91,660
462
503
545
590
637
0.99509
0.99463
0.99415
0.99363
0.99307
0.00491
0.00537
0.00585
0.00637
0.00693
27.38
26.52
25.66
24.80
23.96
10
11
12
13
14
99,150
99,137
99,122
99,103
99,079
99,144
99,130
99,113
99,091
99,063
13
15
19
24
32
0.99987
0.99985
0.99981
0.99976
0.99968
0.00013
0.00015
0.00019
0.00024
0.00032
70.34
69.35
68.36
67.37
66.39
60
61
62
63
64
91,341
90,652
89,908
89,105
88,237
90,997
90,280
89,507
88,671
87,769
689
744
803
868
937
0.99246
0.99179
0.99107
0.99026
0.98938
0.00754
0.00821
0.00893
0.00974
0.01062
23.12
22.30
21.48
20.67
19.86
15
16
17
18
19
99,047
99,007
98,960
98,908
98,853
99,027
98,984
98,934
98,881
98,825
40
47
52
55
57
0.99960
0.99953
0.99947
0.99944
0.99942
0.00040
0.00047
0.00053
0.00056
0.00058
65.41
64.44
63.47
62.50
61.54
65
66
67
68
69
87,300
86,288
85,196
84,018
82,747
86,794
85,742
84,607
83,383
82,061
1,012
1,092
1,178
1,271
1,373
0.98841
0.98734
0.98617
0.98487
0.98341
0.01159
0.01266
0.01383
0.01513
0.01659
19.07
18.29
17.52
16.76
16.01
20
21
22
23
24
98,796
98,738
98,680
98,623
98,568
98,767
98,709
98,652
98,596
98,541
58
58
57
55
54
0.99941
0.99941
0.99942
0.99944
0.99945
0.00059
0.00059
0.00058
0.00056
0.00055
60.57
59.61
58.64
57.67
56.71
70
71
72
73
74
81,374
79,891
78,288
76,555
74,682
80,633
79,090
77,422
75,619
73,671
1,483
1,603
1,733
1,873
2,022
0.98178
0.97994
0.97786
0.97554
0.97293
0.01822
0.02006
0.02214
0.02446
0.02707
15.27
14.54
13.83
13.13
12.45
25
26
27
28
29
98,514
98,462
98,411
98,360
98,309
98,488
98,437
98,386
98,335
98,283
52
51
51
51
53
0.99947
0.99948
0.99948
0.99948
0.99946
0.00053
0.00052
0.00052
0.00052
0.00054
55.74
54.77
53.79
52.82
51.85
75
76
77
78
79
72,660
70,482
68,142
65,634
62,950
71,571
69,312
66,888
64,292
61,514
2,178
2,340
2,508
2,684
2,872
0.97003
0.96680
0.96320
0.95911
0.95438
0.02997
0.03320
0.03680
0.04089
0.04562
11.78
11.13
10.49
9.88
9.28
30
31
32
33
34
98,256
98,201
98,144
98,084
98,020
98,229
98,173
98,114
98,052
97,986
55
57
60
64
68
0.99944
0.99942
0.99939
0.99935
0.99931
0.00056
0.00058
0.00061
0.00065
0.00069
50.88
49.90
48.93
47.96
46.99
80
81
82
83
84
60,078
57,007
53,730
50,252
46,591
58,543
55,369
51,991
48,422
44,685
3,071
3,277
3,478
3,661
3,813
0.94889
0.94252
0.93526
0.92714
0.91817
0.05111
0.05748
0.06474
0.07286
0.08183
8.69
8.14
7.60
7.09
6.61
35
36
37
38
39
97,952
97,880
97,803
97,720
97,630
97,916
97,842
97,762
97,675
97,582
72
77
83
90
97
0.99926
0.99921
0.99915
0.99908
0.99901
0.00074
0.00079
0.00085
0.00092
0.00099
46.03
45.06
44.09
43.13
42.17
85
86
87
88
89
42,778
38,858
34,881
30,903
26,984
40,818
36,870
32,892
28,944
25,086
3,920
3,977
3,978
3,919
3,797
0.90837
0.89766
0.88595
0.87318
0.85927
0.09163
0.10234
0.11405
0.12682
0.14073
6.16
5.73
5.32
4.94
4.59
40
41
42
43
44
97,533
97,429
97,315
97,190
97,053
97,481
97,372
97,253
97,122
96,977
104
114
125
137
152
0.99893
0.99883
0.99872
0.99859
0.99843
0.00107
0.00117
0.00128
0.00141
0.00157
41.21
40.26
39.30
38.35
37.41
90
91
92
93
94
23,187
19,574
16,204
13,130
10,398
21,381
17,889
14,667
11,764
9,219
3,613
3,370
3,074
2,732
2,358
0.84416
0.82781
0.81028
0.79192
0.77318
0.15584
0.17219
0.18972
0.20808
0.22682
4.26
3.95
3.67
3.41
3.18
45
46
47
48
49
96,901
96,732
96,544
96,335
96,103
96,817
96,638
96,440
96,219
95,974
169
188
209
232
259
0.99826
0.99806
0.99784
0.99759
0.99731
0.00174
0.00194
0.00216
0.00241
0.00269
36.46
35.53
34.59
33.67
32.75
95
96
97
98
99
8,040
6,066
4,458
3,186
2,210
7,053
5,262
3,822
2,698
1,848
1,974
1,608
1,272
976
725
0.75447
0.73495
0.71467
0.69369
0.67209
0.24553
0.26505
0.28533
0.30631
0.32791
2.96
2.76
2.58
2.41
2.25
100
1,485
1,225
520
0.64995 0.35005
2.11
66
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A2.3
Mäori Male Population Life Table
1995–1997
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Males Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Males Born
x
Lx
lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
98,935
98,819
98,760
98,710
99,190
98,877
98,790
98,735
98,689
1,065
116
59
50
42
0.98935
0.99883
0.99940
0.99949
0.99957
0.01065
0.00117
0.00060
0.00051
0.00043
66.58
66.30
65.38
64.41
63.45
50
51
52
53
54
87,402
86,453
85,411
84,279
83,061
86,928
85,932
84,845
83,670
82,409
949
1,042
1,132
1,218
1,304
0.98914
0.98795
0.98675
0.98555
0.98430
0.01086
0.01205
0.01325
0.01445
0.01570
21.54
20.77
20.02
19.28
18.55
5
6
7
8
9
98,668
98,633
98,604
98,581
98,561
98,651
98,619
98,593
98,571
98,552
35
29
23
20
19
0.99965
0.99971
0.99977
0.99980
0.99981
0.00035
0.00029
0.00023
0.00020
0.00019
62.47
61.50
60.51
59.53
58.54
55
56
57
58
59
81,757
80,364
78,875
77,280
75,567
81,061
79,620
78,078
76,424
74,645
1,393
1,489
1,595
1,713
1,844
0.98296
0.98147
0.97978
0.97784
0.97560
0.01704
0.01853
0.02022
0.02216
0.02440
17.84
17.14
16.46
15.79
15.13
10
11
12
13
14
98,542
98,522
98,496
98,462
98,407
98,532
98,509
98,479
98,435
98,364
20
26
34
55
87
0.99980
0.99974
0.99965
0.99944
0.99912
0.00020
0.00026
0.00035
0.00056
0.00088
57.55
56.56
55.58
54.60
53.63
60
61
62
63
64
73,723
71,733
69,583
67,262
64,769
72,728
70,658
68,423
66,016
63,443
1,990
2,150
2,321
2,493
2,652
0.97301
0.97003
0.96664
0.96294
0.95905
0.02699
0.02997
0.03336
0.03706
0.04095
14.50
13.89
13.30
12.74
12.21
15
16
17
18
19
98,320
98,196
98,037
97,851
97,645
98,258
98,117
97,944
97,748
97,536
124
159
186
206
219
0.99874
0.99838
0.99810
0.99789
0.99776
0.00126
0.00162
0.00190
0.00211
0.00224
52.67
51.74
50.82
49.92
49.02
65
66
67
68
69
62,117
59,329
56,436
53,477
50,495
60,723
57,883
54,957
51,986
49,014
2,788
2,893
2,959
2,982
2,963
0.95511
0.95124
0.94757
0.94423
0.94132
0.04489
0.04876
0.05243
0.05577
0.05868
11.71
11.24
10.79
10.36
9.94
20
21
22
23
24
97,426
97,200
96,972
96,743
96,516
97,313
97,086
96,858
96,630
96,403
226
228
229
227
226
0.99768
0.99765
0.99764
0.99765
0.99766
0.00232
0.00235
0.00236
0.00235
0.00234
48.13
47.24
46.35
45.46
44.57
70
71
72
73
74
47,532
44,631
41,828
39,136
36,547
46,082
43,230
40,482
37,842
35,292
2,901
2,803
2,692
2,589
2,510
0.93897
0.93720
0.93565
0.93384
0.93131
0.06103
0.06280
0.06435
0.06616
0.06869
9.53
9.12
8.70
8.26
7.81
25
26
27
28
29
96,290
96,065
95,838
95,608
95,374
96,178
95,952
95,723
95,491
95,255
225
227
230
234
238
0.99766
0.99764
0.99760
0.99755
0.99750
0.00234
0.00236
0.00240
0.00245
0.00250
43.67
42.77
41.87
40.97
40.07
75
76
77
78
79
34,037
31,573
29,119
26,641
24,112
32,805
30,346
27,880
25,377
22,815
2,464
2,454
2,478
2,529
2,594
0.92761
0.92228
0.91490
0.90506
0.89240
0.07239
0.07772
0.08510
0.09494
0.10760
7.35
6.88
6.42
5.97
5.55
30
31
32
33
34
95,136
94,892
94,642
94,388
94,131
95,014
94,767
94,515
94,260
94,002
244
250
254
257
258
0.99743
0.99737
0.99732
0.99728
0.99726
0.00257
0.00263
0.00268
0.00272
0.00274
39.17
38.27
37.37
36.47
35.57
80
81
82
83
84
21,518
18,883
16,333
13,907
11,641
20,201
17,608
15,120
12,774
10,604
2,635
2,550
2,426
2,266
2,075
0.87755
0.86495
0.85145
0.83705
0.82174
0.12245
0.13505
0.14855
0.16295
0.17826
5.16
4.81
4.48
4.17
3.89
35
36
37
38
39
93,873
93,616
93,359
93,101
92,839
93,745
93,488
93,230
92,970
92,704
257
257
258
262
270
0.99726
0.99725
0.99724
0.99719
0.99709
0.00274
0.00275
0.00276
0.00281
0.00291
34.66
33.76
32.85
31.94
31.03
85
86
87
88
89
9,566
7,706
6,076
4,681
3,518
8,636
6,891
5,379
4,100
3,047
1,860
1,630
1,395
1,163
943
0.80553
0.78843
0.77046
0.75165
0.73204
0.19447
0.21157
0.22954
0.24835
0.26796
3.62
3.37
3.14
2.93
2.74
40
41
42
43
44
92,569
92,283
91,973
91,630
91,242
92,426
92,128
91,802
91,436
91,020
286
310
343
388
445
0.99691
0.99664
0.99627
0.99577
0.99512
0.00309
0.00336
0.00373
0.00423
0.00488
30.11
29.21
28.30
27.41
26.52
90
91
92
93
94
2,575
1,833
1,266
847
548
2,204
1,550
1,057
698
445
742
567
419
299
206
0.71169
0.69066
0.66903
0.64687
0.62429
0.28831
0.30934
0.33097
0.35313
0.37571
2.56
2.39
2.24
2.09
1.96
45
46
47
48
49
90,797
90,284
89,694
89,020
88,257
90,541
89,989
89,357
88,639
87,830
513
590
674
763
855
0.99435
0.99346
0.99248
0.99143
0.99031
0.00565
0.00654
0.00752
0.00857
0.00969
25.65
24.79
23.95
23.13
22.33
95
96
97
98
99
342
206
119
66
35
274
163
93
51
27
136
87
53
31
17
0.60139
0.57830
0.55513
0.53202
0.50911
0.39861
0.42170
0.44487
0.46798
0.49089
1.85
1.73
1.63
1.55
1.47
100
18
14
9
0.48656 0.51344
1.39
67
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A2.4
Mäori Female Population Life Table
1995–1997
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Females Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Females Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,036
98,931
98,885
98,844
99,256
98,984
98,908
98,865
98,827
964
105
46
41
35
0.99036
0.99894
0.99953
0.99959
0.99965
0.00964
0.00106
0.00047
0.00041
0.00035
71.30
70.99
70.07
69.10
68.13
50
51
52
53
54
91,667
90,965
90,196
89,360
88,456
91,316
90,581
89,778
88,908
87,969
702
769
836
904
975
0.99234
0.99155
0.99073
0.98988
0.98898
0.00766
0.00845
0.00927
0.01012
0.01102
24.80
23.99
23.19
22.40
21.63
5
6
7
8
9
98,809
98,780
98,756
98,737
98,720
98,795
98,768
98,747
98,729
98,712
29
24
19
17
17
0.99971
0.99976
0.99981
0.99983
0.99983
0.00029
0.00024
0.00019
0.00017
0.00017
67.15
66.17
65.19
64.20
63.21
55
56
57
58
59
87,481
86,431
85,300
84,081
82,765
86,956
85,866
84,691
83,423
82,054
1,050
1,131
1,219
1,316
1,422
0.98800
0.98691
0.98571
0.98435
0.98282
0.01200
0.01309
0.01429
0.01565
0.01718
20.86
20.11
19.37
18.64
17.93
10
11
12
13
14
98,703
98,683
98,657
98,622
98,578
98,693
98,670
98,640
98,600
98,551
20
26
35
44
55
0.99980
0.99974
0.99965
0.99955
0.99944
0.00020
0.00026
0.00035
0.00045
0.00056
62.22
61.23
60.25
59.27
58.30
60
61
62
63
64
81,343
79,805
78,140
76,340
74,398
80,574
78,973
77,240
75,369
73,356
1,538
1,665
1,800
1,942
2,084
0.98109
0.97914
0.97696
0.97456
0.97199
0.01891
0.02086
0.02304
0.02544
0.02801
17.24
16.56
15.90
15.26
14.65
15
16
17
18
19
98,523
98,458
98,384
98,304
98,220
98,491
98,421
98,344
98,262
98,177
65
74
80
84
86
0.99934
0.99925
0.99919
0.99915
0.99912
0.00066
0.00075
0.00081
0.00085
0.00088
57.33
56.37
55.41
54.45
53.50
65
66
67
68
69
72,314
70,091
67,737
65,265
62,688
71,203
68,914
66,501
63,977
61,357
2,223
2,354
2,472
2,577
2,663
0.96926
0.96642
0.96350
0.96052
0.95752
0.03074
0.03358
0.03650
0.03948
0.04248
14.06
13.49
12.94
12.41
11.90
20
21
22
23
24
98,134
98,047
97,960
97,873
97,786
98,091
98,004
97,917
97,830
97,743
87
87
87
87
87
0.99911
0.99911
0.99911
0.99911
0.99911
0.00089
0.00089
0.00089
0.00089
0.00089
52.55
51.59
50.64
49.68
48.73
70
71
72
73
74
60,025
57,296
54,521
51,718
48,900
58,661
55,909
53,120
50,309
47,489
2,729
2,775
2,803
2,818
2,822
0.95453
0.95156
0.94858
0.94551
0.94229
0.04547
0.04844
0.05142
0.05449
0.05771
11.40
10.92
10.45
9.99
9.54
25
26
27
28
29
97,699
97,611
97,521
97,427
97,329
97,655
97,566
97,474
97,378
97,278
88
90
94
98
103
0.99910
0.99908
0.99904
0.99899
0.99894
0.00090
0.00092
0.00096
0.00101
0.00106
47.77
46.81
45.86
44.90
43.94
75
76
77
78
79
46,078
43,262
40,459
37,677
34,922
44,670
41,861
39,068
36,300
33,562
2,816
2,803
2,782
2,755
2,720
0.93888
0.93521
0.93123
0.92687
0.92210
0.06112
0.06479
0.06877
0.07313
0.07790
9.09
8.65
8.22
7.79
7.36
30
31
32
33
34
97,226
97,116
96,999
96,874
96,740
97,171
97,058
96,937
96,807
96,669
110
117
125
134
142
0.99887
0.99880
0.99871
0.99862
0.99853
0.00113
0.00120
0.00129
0.00138
0.00147
42.99
42.04
41.09
40.14
39.20
80
81
82
83
84
32,202
29,524
26,898
24,316
21,772
30,863
28,211
25,607
23,044
20,520
2,678
2,626
2,582
2,544
2,504
0.91685
0.91106
0.90399
0.89539
0.88498
0.08315
0.08894
0.09601
0.10461
0.11502
6.94
6.53
6.12
5.71
5.32
35
36
37
38
39
96,598
96,446
96,283
96,108
95,919
96,522
96,365
96,196
96,014
95,816
152
163
175
189
207
0.99843
0.99831
0.99818
0.99803
0.99784
0.00157
0.00169
0.00182
0.00197
0.00216
38.25
37.31
36.37
35.44
34.51
85
86
87
88
89
19,268
16,809
14,436
12,187
10,098
18,039
15,623
13,312
11,143
9,149
2,459
2,373
2,249
2,089
1,899
0.87238
0.85880
0.84421
0.82860
0.81197
0.12762
0.14120
0.15579
0.17140
0.18803
4.95
4.60
4.27
3.97
3.68
40
41
42
43
44
95,712
95,483
95,229
94,944
94,624
95,598
95,356
95,087
94,784
94,444
229
254
285
320
361
0.99761
0.99734
0.99701
0.99663
0.99618
0.00239
0.00266
0.00299
0.00337
0.00382
33.58
32.66
31.75
30.84
29.94
90
91
92
93
94
8,199
6,513
5,052
3,819
2,808
7,356
5,783
4,436
3,314
2,406
1,686
1,461
1,233
1,011
804
0.79431
0.77564
0.75596
0.73533
0.71378
0.20569
0.22436
0.24404
0.26467
0.28622
3.42
3.18
2.95
2.74
2.55
45
46
47
48
49
94,263
93,855
93,395
92,879
92,304
94,059
93,625
93,137
92,592
91,986
408
460
516
575
637
0.99567
0.99510
0.99448
0.99381
0.99310
0.00433
0.00490
0.00552
0.00619
0.00690
29.06
28.18
27.32
26.47
25.63
95
96
97
98
99
2,004
1,386
926
597
370
1,695
1,156
762
484
295
618
460
329
227
150
0.69137
0.66817
0.64427
0.61975
0.59473
0.30863
0.33183
0.35573
0.38025
0.40527
2.38
2.21
2.06
1.92
1.80
100
220
173
95
0.56933 0.43067
1.68
68
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A2.5
Non-Mäori Male Population Life Table
1995–1997
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Male who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Males Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Males Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,411
99,361
99,328
99,298
99,512
99,386
99,345
99,313
99,285
589
50
33
30
27
0.99411
0.99950
0.99967
0.99970
0.99973
0.00589
0.00050
0.00033
0.00030
0.00027
75.40
74.85
73.88
72.91
71.93
50
51
52
53
54
94,213
93,880
93,510
93,099
92,641
94,047
93,695
93,305
92,870
92,386
333
370
411
458
510
0.99647
0.99606
0.99560
0.99508
0.99450
0.00353
0.00394
0.00440
0.00492
0.00550
28.19
27.29
26.40
25.51
24.64
5
6
7
8
9
99,271
99,247
99,226
99,207
99,190
99,259
99,237
99,217
99,199
99,183
24
21
19
17
15
0.99976
0.99979
0.99981
0.99983
0.99985
0.00024
0.00021
0.00019
0.00017
0.00015
70.95
69.97
68.98
67.99
67.01
55
56
57
58
59
92,131
91,566
90,941
90,249
89,485
91,849
91,254
90,595
89,867
89,064
565
625
692
764
842
0.99387
0.99317
0.99239
0.99154
0.99059
0.00613
0.00683
0.00761
0.00846
0.00941
23.77
22.91
22.07
21.23
20.41
10
11
12
13
14
99,175
99,161
99,147
99,131
99,111
99,168
99,154
99,139
99,121
99,096
14
14
16
20
31
0.99986
0.99986
0.99984
0.99980
0.99969
0.00014
0.00014
0.00016
0.00020
0.00031
66.02
65.02
64.03
63.04
62.06
60
61
62
63
64
88,643
87,714
86,690
85,562
84,321
88,179
87,202
86,126
84,942
83,640
929
1,024
1,128
1,241
1,363
0.98952
0.98833
0.98699
0.98550
0.98384
0.01048
0.01167
0.01301
0.01450
0.01616
19.60
18.80
18.02
17.25
16.50
15
16
17
18
19
99,080
99,031
98,956
98,851
98,723
99,056
98,994
98,904
98,787
98,654
49
75
105
128
139
0.99951
0.99924
0.99894
0.99871
0.99859
0.00049
0.00076
0.00106
0.00129
0.00141
61.08
60.11
59.15
58.21
57.29
65
66
67
68
69
82,958
81,464
79,831
78,051
76,116
82,211
80,648
78,941
77,084
75,069
1,494
1,633
1,780
1,935
2,095
0.98199
0.97995
0.97770
0.97521
0.97248
0.01801
0.02005
0.02230
0.02479
0.02752
15.76
15.04
14.34
13.65
12.99
20
21
22
23
24
98,584
98,443
98,304
98,169
98,038
98,514
98,374
98,237
98,104
97,975
141
139
135
131
127
0.99857
0.99859
0.99863
0.99867
0.99870
0.00143
0.00141
0.00137
0.00133
0.00130
56.37
55.45
54.53
53.60
52.67
70
71
72
73
74
74,021
71,762
69,336
66,742
63,984
72,892
70,549
68,039
65,363
62,526
2,259
2,426
2,594
2,758
2,916
0.96948
0.96619
0.96259
0.95867
0.95442
0.03052
0.03381
0.03741
0.04133
0.04558
12.34
11.71
11.10
10.52
9.95
25
26
27
28
29
97,911
97,788
97,668
97,551
97,437
97,850
97,728
97,610
97,494
97,382
123
120
117
114
111
0.99874
0.99877
0.99880
0.99883
0.99886
0.00126
0.00123
0.00120
0.00117
0.00114
51.74
50.80
49.87
48.92
47.98
75
76
77
78
79
61,068
58,002
54,801
51,482
48,061
59,535
56,402
53,142
49,772
46,308
3,066
3,201
3,319
3,421
3,507
0.94980
0.94482
0.93943
0.93354
0.92702
0.05020
0.05518
0.06057
0.06646
0.07298
9.40
8.87
8.36
7.87
7.39
30
31
32
33
34
97,326
97,217
97,109
97,002
96,895
97,272
97,163
97,056
96,949
96,841
109
108
107
107
108
0.99888
0.99889
0.99890
0.99890
0.99889
0.00112
0.00111
0.00110
0.00110
0.00111
47.04
46.09
45.14
44.19
43.24
80
81
82
83
84
44,554
40,979
37,358
33,720
30,095
42,767
39,169
35,539
31,908
28,313
3,575
3,621
3,638
3,625
3,564
0.91975
0.91164
0.90261
0.89250
0.88156
0.08025
0.08836
0.09739
0.10750
0.11844
6.93
6.49
6.07
5.67
5.30
35
36
37
38
39
96,787
96,679
96,568
96,454
96,335
96,733
96,624
96,511
96,395
96,273
108
111
114
119
124
0.99888
0.99885
0.99882
0.99877
0.99871
0.00112
0.00115
0.00118
0.00123
0.00129
42.28
41.33
40.38
39.42
38.47
85
86
87
88
89
26,531
23,077
19,780
16,680
13,814
24,804
21,429
18,230
15,247
12,514
3,454
3,297
3,100
2,866
2,600
0.86982
0.85713
0.84330
0.82819
0.81175
0.13018
0.14287
0.15670
0.17181
0.18825
4.94
4.61
4.29
4.00
3.72
40
41
42
43
44
96,211
96,079
95,939
95,787
95,622
96,145
96,009
95,863
95,705
95,532
132
140
152
165
181
0.99863
0.99854
0.99842
0.99828
0.99811
0.00137
0.00146
0.00158
0.00172
0.00189
37.52
36.57
35.62
34.68
33.74
90
91
92
93
94
11,214
8,908
6,917
5,247
3,883
10,061
7,913
6,082
4,565
3,341
2,306
1,991
1,670
1,364
1,084
0.79436
0.77650
0.75860
0.74000
0.72076
0.20564
0.22350
0.24140
0.26000
0.27924
3.47
3.24
3.03
2.83
2.65
45
46
47
48
49
95,441
95,242
95,023
94,781
94,512
95,342
95,133
94,902
94,647
94,363
199
219
242
269
299
0.99792
0.99770
0.99745
0.99716
0.99684
0.00208
0.00230
0.00255
0.00284
0.00316
32.80
31.87
30.94
30.02
29.10
95
96
97
98
99
2,799
1,962
1,335
881
563
2,381
1,649
1,108
722
456
837
627
454
318
215
0.70094
0.68063
0.65991
0.63886
0.61761
0.29906
0.31937
0.34009
0.36114
0.38239
2.48
2.33
2.19
2.06
1.94
100
348
278
140
0.59627 0.40373
1.83
69
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A2.6
Non-Mäori Female Population Life Table
1995–1997
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Probability that
a Female who
Expected
Reaches this Age
Number of
Exact
Years
Average Number
Age
Number
Dies
of Life
Number
Dying
Lives
(Years)
Alive
within
Remaining
Alive in
in the Another
at Exact
a
at Age x
the Age
Age
Year
Age
Year
Interval Interval
Out of 100,000 Females Born
lx
x
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
Out of 100,000 Females Born
x
lx
Lx
dx
px
qx
e0x
0
1
2
3
4
100,000
99,498
99,452
99,427
99,405
99,570
99,475
99,440
99,416
99,395
502
46
25
22
20
0.99498
0.99954
0.99975
0.99978
0.99980
0.00502
0.00046
0.00025
0.00022
0.00020
80.61
80.01
79.05
78.07
77.09
50
51
52
53
54
96,580
96,335
96,062
95,760
95,428
96,458
96,199
95,911
95,594
95,246
245
273
302
332
365
0.99746
0.99717
0.99686
0.99653
0.99618
0.00254
0.00283
0.00314
0.00347
0.00382
32.40
31.49
30.57
29.67
28.77
5
6
7
8
9
99,385
99,368
99,353
99,340
99,328
99,377
99,361
99,347
99,334
99,323
17
15
13
12
11
0.99983
0.99985
0.99987
0.99988
0.99989
0.00017
0.00015
0.00013
0.00012
0.00011
76.10
75.11
74.13
73.14
72.14
55
56
57
58
59
95,063
94,666
94,233
93,765
93,259
94,865
94,450
93,999
93,512
92,986
397
433
468
506
546
0.99582
0.99543
0.99503
0.99460
0.99414
0.00418
0.00457
0.00497
0.00540
0.00586
27.88
26.99
26.12
25.24
24.38
10
11
12
13
14
99,317
99,306
99,293
99,277
99,257
99,312
99,300
99,285
99,267
99,244
11
13
16
20
27
0.99989
0.99987
0.99984
0.99980
0.99973
0.00011
0.00013
0.00016
0.00020
0.00027
71.15
70.16
69.17
68.18
67.19
60
61
62
63
64
92,713
92,121
91,480
90,784
90,026
92,417
91,801
91,132
90,405
89,613
592
641
696
758
826
0.99362
0.99304
0.99239
0.99165
0.99082
0.00638
0.00696
0.00761
0.00835
0.00918
23.52
22.67
21.82
20.98
20.16
15
16
17
18
19
99,230
99,196
99,156
99,112
99,065
99,213
99,176
99,134
99,089
99,041
34
40
44
47
49
0.99966
0.99960
0.99956
0.99953
0.99951
0.00034
0.00040
0.00044
0.00047
0.00049
66.21
65.23
64.26
63.29
62.32
65
66
67
68
69
89,200
88,297
87,311
86,232
85,051
88,749
87,804
86,772
85,642
84,405
903
986
1,079
1,181
1,292
0.98988
0.98883
0.98764
0.98631
0.98481
0.01012
0.01117
0.01236
0.01369
0.01519
19.34
18.53
17.74
16.95
16.18
20
21
22
23
24
99,016
98,967
98,919
98,872
98,826
98,992
98,943
98,896
98,849
98,804
49
48
47
46
45
0.99951
0.99951
0.99952
0.99953
0.99954
0.00049
0.00049
0.00048
0.00047
0.00046
61.35
60.38
59.41
58.44
57.46
70
71
72
73
74
83,759
82,344
80,797
79,107
77,263
83,052
81,571
79,952
78,185
76,260
1,415
1,547
1,690
1,844
2,006
0.98311
0.98121
0.97908
0.97669
0.97404
0.01689
0.01879
0.02092
0.02331
0.02596
15.42
14.68
13.95
13.24
12.54
25
26
27
28
29
98,781
98,738
98,695
98,653
98,610
98,760
98,717
98,674
98,632
98,589
43
43
42
43
43
0.99956
0.99956
0.99957
0.99956
0.99956
0.00044
0.00044
0.00043
0.00044
0.00044
56.49
55.51
54.54
53.56
52.58
75
76
77
78
79
75,257
73,082
70,732
68,203
65,486
74,170
71,907
69,468
66,845
64,026
2,175
2,350
2,529
2,717
2,920
0.97110
0.96785
0.96425
0.96016
0.95541
0.02890
0.03215
0.03575
0.03984
0.04459
11.86
11.20
10.55
9.93
9.32
30
31
32
33
34
98,567
98,522
98,475
98,426
98,374
98,545
98,499
98,451
98,400
98,347
45
47
49
52
55
0.99954
0.99952
0.99950
0.99947
0.99944
0.00046
0.00048
0.00050
0.00053
0.00056
51.61
50.63
49.65
48.68
47.70
80
81
82
83
84
62,566
59,427
56,057
52,462
48,671
60,997
57,742
54,260
50,567
46,694
3,139
3,370
3,595
3,791
3,955
0.94983
0.94330
0.93587
0.92773
0.91874
0.05017
0.05670
0.06413
0.07227
0.08126
8.73
8.17
7.63
7.11
6.63
35
36
37
38
39
98,319
98,260
98,197
98,130
98,058
98,290
98,229
98,164
98,094
98,020
59
63
67
72
77
0.99940
0.99936
0.99932
0.99927
0.99921
0.00060
0.00064
0.00068
0.00073
0.00079
46.73
45.76
44.79
43.82
42.85
85
86
87
88
89
44,716
40,643
36,505
32,361
28,273
42,680
38,574
34,433
30,317
26,290
4,073
4,138
4,144
4,088
3,966
0.90892
0.89819
0.88647
0.87367
0.85974
0.09108
0.10181
0.11353
0.12633
0.14026
6.17
5.74
5.33
4.95
4.60
40
41
42
43
44
97,981
97,897
97,805
97,703
97,591
97,939
97,851
97,754
97,647
97,529
84
92
102
112
125
0.99914
0.99906
0.99896
0.99885
0.99872
0.00086
0.00094
0.00104
0.00115
0.00128
41.88
40.92
39.96
39.00
38.04
90
91
92
93
94
24,307
20,530
17,004
13,785
10,922
22,419
18,767
15,395
12,354
9,686
3,777
3,526
3,219
2,863
2,473
0.84462
0.82825
0.81069
0.79232
0.77356
0.15538
0.17175
0.18931
0.20768
0.22644
4.27
3.96
3.68
3.42
3.18
45
46
47
48
49
97,466
97,327
97,171
96,996
96,800
97,397
97,249
97,084
96,898
96,690
139
156
175
196
220
0.99857
0.99840
0.99820
0.99798
0.99773
0.00143
0.00160
0.00180
0.00202
0.00227
37.09
36.14
35.20
34.26
33.33
95
96
97
98
99
8,449
6,378
4,690
3,353
2,327
7,414
5,534
4,022
2,840
1,946
2,071
1,688
1,337
1,026
762
0.75483
0.73529
0.71499
0.69399
0.67237
0.24517
0.26471
0.28501
0.30601
0.32763
2.97
2.77
2.58
2.41
2.26
100
1,565
1,292
547
0.65022 0.34978
2.11
70
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Appendix 3
Five-year age group mortality and survivorship rates, 1995–2002
71
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A3.1
Life Table Mortality and Survivorship Rates
By five-year age group
Total, Mäori and non-Mäori populations, 2000–2002
Exact
Age
(years)
x
Total Population
Mäori Population
Non-Mäori Population
Probability that a
Proportion of Probability that a
Proportion of Probability that a
Proportion of
Person who
Central Age Group
Person who
Central Age Group
Person who
Central Age Group
Reaches this Age:
Annual
x to x+5
Reaches this Age:
Annual
x to x+5
Reaches this Age:
Annual
x to x+5
Lives
Dies
Death
who Will
Lives
Dies
Death
who Will
Lives
Dies
Death
who Will
Another
within
Rate for
Survive
Another
within
Rate for
Survive
Another
within
Rate for
Survive
Five
Five
Age Group Another
Five
Five
Age Group Another
Five
Five
Age Group Another
Years
Years
x to x+5 Five Years
Years
Years
x to x+5 Five Years
Years
Years
x to x+5 Five Years
5px
5qx
5mx
5sx
5px
5qx
5mx
5sx
5px
5qx
5mx
5sx
Male
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
0.99235
0.99920
0.99871
0.99564
0.99427
0.99401
0.99389
0.99315
0.99102
0.98677
0.97918
0.96577
0.94281
0.90495
0.84635
0.76054
0.63128
0.45304
0.26254
0.00765
0.00080
0.00129
0.00436
0.00573
0.00599
0.00611
0.00685
0.00898
0.01323
0.02082
0.03423
0.05719
0.09505
0.15365
0.23946
0.36872
0.54696
0.73746
0.00154
0.00016
0.00026
0.00087
0.00115
0.00120
0.00122
0.00137
0.00180
0.00266
0.00420
0.00696
0.01175
0.01989
0.03314
0.05415
0.09014
0.15271
0.25342
0.99854
0.99916
0.99723
0.99480
0.99409
0.99397
0.99361
0.99223
0.98909
0.98335
0.97308
0.95534
0.92549
0.87811
0.80720
0.70350
0.55275
0.36810
0.20784
0.98940
0.99881
0.99864
0.99426
0.99203
0.99139
0.99010
0.98784
0.98212
0.96900
0.94674
0.91458
0.87106
0.81161
0.72898
0.63295
0.51695
0.33534
0.17622
0.01060
0.00119
0.00136
0.00574
0.00797
0.00861
0.00990
0.01216
0.01788
0.03100
0.05326
0.08542
0.12894
0.18839
0.27102
0.36705
0.48305
0.66466
0.82378
0.00214
0.00024
0.00027
0.00115
0.00160
0.00173
0.00199
0.00245
0.00361
0.00629
0.01092
0.01780
0.02748
0.04145
0.06256
0.09032
0.12855
0.20877
0.32492
0.99782
0.99897
0.99662
0.99287
0.99172
0.99081
0.98909
0.98543
0.97628
0.95868
0.93166
0.89416
0.84370
0.77372
0.68378
0.58527
0.43798
0.26706
0.13506
0.99353
0.99930
0.99874
0.99606
0.99466
0.99457
0.99466
0.99393
0.99224
0.98893
0.98231
0.97028
0.94905
0.91191
0.85226
0.76485
0.63433
0.45499
0.26351
0.00647
0.00070
0.00126
0.00394
0.00534
0.00543
0.00534
0.00607
0.00776
0.01107
0.01769
0.02972
0.05095
0.08809
0.14774
0.23515
0.36567
0.54501
0.73649
0.00130
0.00014
0.00025
0.00079
0.00107
0.00109
0.00107
0.00122
0.00156
0.00223
0.00357
0.00603
0.01043
0.01837
0.03175
0.05303
0.08919
0.15188
0.25273
0.99880
0.99920
0.99744
0.99520
0.99457
0.99465
0.99437
0.99317
0.99077
0.98597
0.97684
0.96071
0.93220
0.88461
0.81226
0.70712
0.55521
0.36950
0.20862
0.00180
0.00019
0.00019
0.00048
0.00064
0.00081
0.00117
0.00157
0.00246
0.00468
0.00815
0.01298
0.02122
0.03314
0.04478
0.05911
0.09107
0.15412
0.24822
0.99835
0.99917
0.99839
0.99711
0.99647
0.99511
0.99320
0.99038
0.98291
0.96885
0.94937
0.91975
0.87366
0.82254
0.77402
0.69518
0.54865
0.37132
0.21054
0.99439
0.99933
0.99930
0.99847
0.99813
0.99807
0.99771
0.99694
0.99526
0.99222
0.98747
0.97933
0.96649
0.94755
0.91327
0.85016
0.74501
0.57762
0.36240
0.00561
0.00067
0.00070
0.00153
0.00187
0.00193
0.00229
0.00306
0.00474
0.00778
0.01253
0.02067
0.03351
0.05245
0.08673
0.14984
0.25499
0.42238
0.63760
0.00113
0.00013
0.00014
0.00031
0.00037
0.00039
0.00046
0.00061
0.00095
0.00156
0.00252
0.00417
0.00681
0.01075
0.01807
0.03222
0.05804
0.10662
0.19367
0.99888
0.99940
0.99889
0.99825
0.99812
0.99792
0.99737
0.99620
0.99384
0.99004
0.98375
0.97333
0.95777
0.93238
0.88501
0.80309
0.67174
0.48006
0.28720
Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
0.99348
0.99924
0.99918
0.99828
0.99787
0.99772
0.99715
0.99629
0.99428
0.99058
0.98502
0.97570
0.96103
0.94031
0.90748
0.84647
0.74214
0.57564
0.36127
0.00652
0.00076
0.00082
0.00172
0.00213
0.00228
0.00285
0.00371
0.00572
0.00942
0.01498
0.02430
0.03897
0.05969
0.09252
0.15353
0.25786
0.42436
0.63873
0.00131
0.00015
0.00016
0.00035
0.00043
0.00046
0.00057
0.00074
0.00115
0.00189
0.00302
0.00492
0.00794
0.01228
0.01934
0.03308
0.05880
0.10729
0.19426
0.99874
0.99930
0.99874
0.99802
0.99781
0.99747
0.99675
0.99543
0.99254
0.98801
0.98076
0.96885
0.95127
0.92566
0.88039
0.79988
0.66934
0.47854
0.28640
0.99105
0.99907
0.99906
0.99759
0.99681
0.99596
0.99416
0.99219
0.98778
0.97687
0.96002
0.93702
0.89892
0.84657
0.79856
0.74231
0.62813
0.45035
0.27009
0.00895
0.00093
0.00094
0.00241
0.00319
0.00404
0.00584
0.00781
0.01222
0.02313
0.03998
0.06298
0.10108
0.15343
0.20144
0.25769
0.37187
0.54965
0.72991
72
New Zealand Life Tables, 2000–2002
Table A3.2
Life Table Mortality and Survivorship Rates
By five-year age group
Total, Mäori and non-Mäori populations, 1995–1997
Exact
Age
(years)
x
Total Population
Mäori Population
Non-Mäori Population
Probability that a
Proportion of Probability that a
Proportion of Probability that a
Proportion of
Person who
Central Age Group
Person who
Central Age Group
Person who
Central Age Group
Reaches this Age:
Annual
x to x+5
Reaches this Age:
Annual
x to x+5
Reaches this Age:
Annual
x to x+5
Lives
Dies
Death
who Will
Lives
Dies
Death
who Will
Lives
Dies
Death
who Will
Another
within
Rate for
Survive
Another
within
Rate for
Survive
Another
within
Rate for
Survive
Five
Five
Age Group Another
Five
Five
Age Group Another
Five
Five
Age Group Another
Years
Years
x to x+5 Five Years
Years
Years
x to x+5 Five Years
Years
Years
x to x+5 Five Years
5px
5qx
5mx
5sx
5px
5qx
5mx
5sx
5px
5qx
5mx
5sx
Male
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
0.99103
0.99896
0.99874
0.99418
0.99224
0.99302
0.99341
0.99291
0.99062
0.98492
0.97403
0.95619
0.92821
0.88490
0.82005
0.72684
0.59211
0.42029
0.24837
0.00897
0.00104
0.00126
0.00582
0.00776
0.00698
0.00659
0.00709
0.00938
0.01508
0.02597
0.04381
0.07179
0.11510
0.17995
0.27316
0.40789
0.57971
0.75163
0.00181
0.00021
0.00025
0.00117
0.00156
0.00140
0.00132
0.00142
0.00188
0.00304
0.00526
0.00894
0.01485
0.02434
0.03937
0.06303
0.10251
0.16718
0.26423
0.99819
0.99903
0.99683
0.99266
0.99263
0.99326
0.99326
0.99198
0.98811
0.97997
0.96579
0.94332
0.90829
0.85522
0.77763
0.66728
0.51603
0.34477
0.19673
0.98668
0.99872
0.99775
0.99091
0.98834
0.98802
0.98672
0.98611
0.98086
0.96261
0.93541
0.90173
0.84257
0.76520
0.71609
0.63219
0.44456
0.26918
0.13282
0.01332
0.00128
0.00225
0.00909
0.01166
0.01198
0.01328
0.01389
0.01914
0.03739
0.06459
0.09827
0.15743
0.23480
0.28391
0.36781
0.55544
0.73082
0.86718
0.00269
0.00026
0.00045
0.00183
0.00235
0.00241
0.00267
0.00280
0.00386
0.00761
0.01332
0.02061
0.03401
0.05312
0.06650
0.08992
0.15663
0.24922
0.37514
0.99738
0.99865
0.99448
0.98915
0.98825
0.98738
0.98641
0.98429
0.97285
0.94943
0.91987
0.87543
0.80454
0.73909
0.68607
0.54809
0.36762
0.21220
0.10181
0.99271
0.99903
0.99904
0.99499
0.99317
0.99403
0.99446
0.99405
0.99200
0.98713
0.97790
0.96214
0.93587
0.89227
0.82501
0.72958
0.59548
0.42268
0.24960
0.00729
0.00097
0.00096
0.00501
0.00683
0.00597
0.00554
0.00595
0.00800
0.01287
0.02210
0.03786
0.06413
0.10773
0.17499
0.27042
0.40452
0.57732
0.75040
0.00147
0.00019
0.00019
0.00100
0.00137
0.00120
0.00111
0.00119
0.00161
0.00259
0.00446
0.00771
0.01322
0.02269
0.03817
0.06228
0.10143
0.16609
0.26329
0.99850
0.99916
0.99741
0.99354
0.99361
0.99430
0.99434
0.99320
0.98984
0.98296
0.97068
0.95020
0.91598
0.86145
0.78132
0.67015
0.51900
0.34657
0.19757
0.00241
0.00021
0.00036
0.00079
0.00089
0.00097
0.00130
0.00184
0.00305
0.00558
0.00933
0.01451
0.02342
0.03702
0.05253
0.07099
0.10085
0.16456
0.26595
0.99780
0.99879
0.99704
0.99570
0.99544
0.99444
0.99230
0.98826
0.97923
0.96380
0.94301
0.91140
0.86107
0.79978
0.73623
0.65612
0.52449
0.34630
0.18851
0.99385
0.99932
0.99912
0.99784
0.99763
0.99783
0.99748
0.99656
0.99474
0.99091
0.98429
0.97528
0.96211
0.93900
0.89849
0.83136
0.71470
0.54359
0.34760
0.00615
0.00068
0.00088
0.00216
0.00237
0.00217
0.00252
0.00344
0.00526
0.00909
0.01571
0.02472
0.03789
0.06100
0.10151
0.16864
0.28530
0.45641
0.65240
0.00124
0.00014
0.00018
0.00043
0.00048
0.00043
0.00050
0.00069
0.00105
0.00183
0.00316
0.00500
0.00771
0.01256
0.02131
0.03664
0.06605
0.11845
0.20171
0.99888
0.99933
0.99848
0.99764
0.99775
0.99771
0.99706
0.99577
0.99304
0.98782
0.97998
0.96926
0.95169
0.92073
0.86817
0.78016
0.63751
0.45631
0.27671
Female
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
0.99228
0.99921
0.99896
0.99747
0.99715
0.99738
0.99691
0.99572
0.99352
0.98909
0.98157
0.97091
0.95576
0.93212
0.89291
0.82684
0.71204
0.54203
0.34675
0.00772
0.00079
0.00104
0.00253
0.00285
0.00262
0.00309
0.00428
0.00648
0.01091
0.01843
0.02909
0.04424
0.06788
0.10709
0.17316
0.28796
0.45797
0.65325
0.00155
0.00016
0.00021
0.00051
0.00057
0.00052
0.00062
0.00086
0.00130
0.00219
0.00372
0.00590
0.00904
0.01402
0.02255
0.03772
0.06679
0.11902
0.20218
0.99861
0.99922
0.99820
0.99720
0.99729
0.99721
0.99638
0.99474
0.99153
0.98560
0.97652
0.96387
0.94491
0.91445
0.86322
0.77646
0.63553
0.45514
0.27606
0.98809
0.99893
0.99818
0.99605
0.99557
0.99516
0.99354
0.99083
0.98486
0.97246
0.95433
0.92984
0.88900
0.83006
0.76765
0.69886
0.59835
0.42552
0.24442
0.01191
0.00107
0.00182
0.00395
0.00443
0.00484
0.00646
0.00917
0.01514
0.02754
0.04567
0.07016
0.11100
0.16994
0.23235
0.30114
0.40165
0.57448
0.75558
73