Unit 1—Nature of Science
Characteristics of living things
Homeostasis—Section 1.2
Parts of an Experiment—Section 1.3
Control:
Independent variable:
Dependent variable:
Biology Technology: Imaging—Section 1.4
Type of Microscope
Function
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 33
Unit 2—Chemistry of Biology/Properties of Water
Chemical Reactions—Section 2.1
Valence electrons:
Ionic bond:
Covalent Bond:
Properties of Water—Section 2.2
Water is a _________ molecule!
This leads to:
Cohesion:
Adhesion:
Hydrogen bonding:
A ______________ is a mixture of substances in which a ____________ is dissolved in a ___________.
pH—Section 2.2
What does it measure?
pH towards 0:
pH at 7:
pH towards 14:
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 63
Unit 3—Macromolecules
Prefixes
MonoDiPolyCarbohydrates—Section 2.3
A polymer is a _____________ made up of many ___________ bonded together
Type of Carbohydrate
Number of molecules
1
Example
2
many
What is the primary purpose of Carbohydrates?
Lipids—Section 2.3
Fatty Acids:
Saturated v. Unsaturated?
What is the primary purpose of Lipids?
Proteins—Section 2.3
Amino acid
What are the three main structures? Draw one out.
What are some functions of Proteins?
Nucleic Acids—Section 2.3
Type of Nucleic Acid
DNA
Structure
RNA
Enzymes—Sections 2.4, 2.5
Enzymes are a catalyst, what does that mean?
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 63
Function
Unit 4—Cell Structure and Function
Cell Theory—Section 3.1
3 points of cell theory
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

Prokaryote:
Eukaryote:
Organelles—Section 3.2
Cell Structure
Function
Processes taking place there
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Ribosomes
Chloroplast
Cell Membrane
Plant v. Animal Cell—Section 3.2
Structures in Animal Cells
Structures in Both
Structures in Plant Cells
Cell Membrane—Section 3.3
Phospholipids:
How do they interact with water and why?
Draw it out
Phospholipid bilayer
Selective Permeability:
Fluid Mosaic Model:
Cell Membrane Transport—Section 3.4-3.5
Passive v. Active Transport
Osmosis:
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Vesicles:
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 97
Unit 5—Cell Cycle
Mitosis—Sections 5.1, 5.2
Phase
Summary
P
M
A
T
Asexual Reproduction—Section 5.4
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 161
Drawing
Unit 6—Cellular Energy and Plant Structure
Cellular Energy—Chapter 4
ATP—Section 4.1
What is ATP’s role? Draw it out.
How does ATP relate to ADP?
Photosynthesis—Sections 4.2, 4.3
Light dependent reactions:
Calvin Cycle:
Cellular Respiration—Sections 4.4, 4.5
Glycolysis:
Krebs Cycle:
Electron Transport Chain:
Plant Structure—Chapter 22
Reproduction in flowering plants—Section 22.2
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Ovary
Stigma
Style
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 131, 689
Unit 7—Genetics and Heredity
Punnett Squares—Sections 6.4, 6.5
Genotype:
Phenotype:
Law of independent assortment—Section 6.3
Homozygous & Heterozygous
What does it mean for a trait to be dominant?
What does it mean to be a carrier of a trait?
Modes of Inheritance—Sections 7.1, 7.2
Complete dominance:
Codominant:
Incomplete dominance:
Sex-linked:
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 223
Unit 8—Chromosomes and Meiosis
Human Reproduction—Packet, Chapter 34
Male and Female comparative anatomy
-know the similarities and differences between the structures’ functions
Embryo development—from meiosis to embryo
Chromosomes—Chapter 6
Crossing Over—Section 6.6
Haploid v. Diploid cells—Section 6.2
Gametes are haploid/diploid (circle one) cells and Somatic cells are haploid/diploid (circle one).
Fertilization:
Mitosis and Meiosis—Chapter 6
Sexual v. Asexual reproduction
know the division used by each type of organism
Properties mitosis and meiosis [lab worksheet]
type of cells
number of divisions
end results of division
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 197
Unit 9—Molecular Genetics
Molecular Biology—Chapter 8
DNA Structure—Section 8.2
DNA base pairing
Practice: G A C T A C G A C
| | | | | | | | |
Parts of a nucleotide:
Replication—Section 8.3
DNA polymerase:
Transcription—Section 8.4
Purpose?
RNA Types
mRNA
Function
tRNA
rRNA
RNA base pairing
Practice: A T C T A C G A A
| | | | | | | | |
Translation—Section 8.5
Purpose?
Codons, what are they?
Translating codons to amino acids, how?
Biotechnology—Chapter 9
Gel Electrophoresis—Section 9.1
What are they used for?
Polymerase Chain Reaction[PCR]—Section 9.2
Clone—Section 9.4
How are clones made?
Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA purposes?
Gene Therapy—Section 9.6
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 261, 291
Unit 10—Evolution
Evolution—Chapters 10-12
Definitions—Section 10.1, 10.3
Evolution:
Natural Selection:
Four Principles—Section 10.3




Artificial Selection:
Sexual Selection:
Structures—Section 10.4
What are they? Be able to identify them. How do they act as proof for evolution?
Homologous:
Analogous:
Vestigial:
Evidence for Evolution—Foldable, Sections 10.4 11.5, 12.1
Fossils:
Biogeography:
Embryology:
Bacteriology:
Biochemistry:
Comparative Anatomy: [See structures from Section 10.4]
Human and Primate Evolution—Section 12.6
Understand evolutionary relationship of primates
Origin of Life Theories—Chapter 12
Origin of Life—Section 12.3
Miller Urey Experiment—What was it and what was the end result?
Early Earth Conditions—Section 12.3
Atmosphere conditions
Anaerobic and Aerobic Organisms
Parts of the Brain—Chapter 29
The Four Lobes—Section 29. 4

____
:



____
____
____
Function
:
:
:
Structures Diagram
Cerebrum v. Cerebellum—Section 29.4
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 325, 357, 389
Unit 11—Classification
Classification and Taxonomy—Chapter 17
Classification System—Section 17.1
Binomial Nomenclature:
Seven levels of Linnaeus’ system
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____
____
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____
____
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____
____
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____
____
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____
____
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____
____
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____
____
Dichotomous Key—Section 17.1
What are they used for and how are they used?
Cladograms—Section 17.2
Cladogram:
Clade:
Derived Characters:
Outgroup:
Molecular Clocks—Section 17.3
How are clocks used and how is time determined?
Purpose for using:
Nuclear DNA:
Mitochondrial DNA:
Ribosomal RNA:
Domains and Kingdoms—Section17.4
Characteristics of each kingdom

____
_
o
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____________________:
____
o
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_
____________________:
____
_
o
____________________:
o
____________________:
o
____________________:
o
____________________:
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 541
Unit 12—Ecology
Principles of Ecology—Chapter 13
Factors—Section 13.2
Definition
Biotic factor
Abiotic factor
What happens to an ecosystem when a keystone species is removed?
What do keystone species do to the biodiversity of an ecosystem?
Energy in Ecosystems—Section 13.3
Trophic levels—label the pyramid to the right.
Producers
Consumer (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Role of decomposers?
What happens to the energy as it moves up each level?
What about biomass?
Population Biology—Chapter 14
Population Growth—Section 14.4
What is carrying capacity?
Limiting Factors:
**BENCHMARK PRACTICE QUESTIONS**
pg. 425, 453
Examples
*******BENCHMARK PRACTICE ANSWER KEY*******
Unit 1—Nature of Science
33: 1. B, 2. H, 3. A, 4. H, 5. B, 6. G
Unit 2—Chemistry of Biology and Properties of Water
63: 1. B, 2. I, 3. D, 4. F, 5. D, 6. H
Unit 3—Macromolecules
63: 1. B, 2. I, 3. D, 4. F, 5. D, 6. H
Unit 4—Cell Structure and Function
97: 1. B, 2. H, 3. A, 4. G, 5. D, 6. H
Unit 5—Cell Cycle
161: 1. C, 2. F, 3. C, 4. G, 5. C, 6. I
Unit 6—Cellular Energy and Plant Structure
131: 1. C, 2. G, 3. B, 4. H, 5. A, 6. F
689: 1. C, 2. I, 3. C, 4. F, 5. C, 6. F
Unit 7—Genetics and Heredity
223: 1. D, 2. H, 3. B, 4. G, 5. A, 6. F
Unit 8—Chromosomes and Meiosis
197: 1. C, 2. G, 3. B, 4. G, 5. D, 6. F
Unit 9—Molecular Genetics
261: 1. B, 2. F, 3. A, 4. I, 5. B, 6. G
291: 1. A, 2. G, 3. A, 4. I, 5. C, 6. I
Unit 10—Evolution
325: 1. A, 2. I, 3. D, 4. G, 5. A, 6. F
357: 1. D, 2. H, 3. C, 4. H, 5. A, 6. I
389: 1. C, 2. H, 3. D, 4. H, 5. A, 6. G
Unit 11—Classification
541: 1. A, 2. H, 3. B, 4. I, 5. A, 6. H
Unit 12—Ecology
425: 1. B, 2. I, 3. C, 4. G, 5. B, 6. I
453: 1. B, 2. G, 3. D, 4. F, 5. D, 6. I