THE EFFECTIVE ENERGY
The first paper on the “Effective Energy”
GERARDUS 'T HOOFT [1]
«The experimental results were discouraging: scattering experiments
yielded different final states for each pair of interacting particles. Theoreticians
were unable to prescribe what experimentalists had to look for to establish the
universal nature of these final states. So it happened that these aspects of QCD
had to wait until experimentalists themselves came with the right idea
[A. Zichichi 1980]. The showers come with what is now called an “effective
energy”, and, in terms of this quantity, universality could be established.»
MURRAY GELL-MANN [2]
«The third good news coming from Nino came when he succeeded to find
that the final states produced in strong, electromagnetic and weak processes,
were the same if the nominal energy of the initial state was replaced by the
“effective energy”. No matter what was the pair of interacting particles in the
initial state, the multihadronic final state show “universality features”, which
had their source in the interaction of quarks and gluons, i.e. QCD.»
HARALD FRITZSCH [3]
«The “effective energy” is the most spectacular consequence of QCD.»
REFERENCES
[1] G. 't Hooft, The Creation of QCD, in “The Creation of Quantum ChromoDynamics and the Effective Energy”,
V.N. Gribov, G. 't Hooft, G. Veneziano and V.F. Weisskopf; N.L. Lipatov (ed), World Scientific Series in 20th
Century Physics, page 39, 1998.
[2] M. Gell-Mann, Some Reminiscences of Research Leading to QCD and Beyond in 2012-Proceedings of the Erice
Subnuclear Physics School, page 7.
[3] H. Fritzsch, History of QCD in 2012-Proceedings of the Erice Subnuclear Physics School, page 27.