The Prokaryotes 11b: GramNegative Bacteria
P: Aquificae
Aquifex
P: Deinococcus-Thermus
Deinococcus
radiodurans
TEM
Thermus aquaticus = “Taq”
P: Chloroflexi =
green non-sulfur
bacteria
Chloroflexus
P: Chlorobi
= green
sulfur
bacteria
Chlorobium
P: Cyanobacteria
Microcystis
Anabaena
Spirulina
Merismopedia
Oscillatoria
P: Cyanobacteria
chloroplasts
C: Alpha Proteobacteria
Nitrifying bacteria
Azospirillum
Nitrobacter
Nitrogenfixers
Purple non-sulfur
bacteria
Root hair
nodule
Rhodospirillum
Rhizobium
C: Alpha Proteobacteria
Human pathogens - rickettsias
Rickettsia
R. prowazekii: epidemic typhus
R. rickettsia: Rocky Mtn spotted fever
R. typhi: endemic murine typhus
Orienta tsutsugamushi: scrub typhus =
island/chigger fever
Ehrlichia
E. chaffeensis: Human monocytic ehrlichiosis
(HME; 1986)
E. equi: Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis
(HGE; 1993)
C: Alpha Proteobacteria
Human pathogens
Bartonella
B. henselae: cat-scratch fever
B. bacilliformis: Carrion’s disease
B. quintana: 5-day/trench fever
brucellosis, undulant fever
C: Alpha Proteobacteria
Vinegar-makers
Prosthecate & budding
Caulobacter See 11.20 too
Acetobacter,
Gluconobacter
prostheca
Hyphomicrobium
C: Alpha Proteobacteria
crown gall
Wolbachia
Agrobacterium
Inside insect egg
C: Alpha Proteobacteria
mitochondria
C: Beta Proteobacteria
nitrifying bacteria: Nitrosomonas
Rhodocyclus: only nonalpha, purple non-sulfur
Floc formers: Sphaerotilus
recycle S: Thiobacillus
Zoogloea
C: Beta Proteobacteria
Human pathogens
Bordetella
Neisseria
N. gonorrhoeae
N. meningitides
C: Beta Proteobacteria
Human pathogens
Spirillum minus
Burkholderia spp.
flagella
C: Gamma Proteobacteria
Free-living N fixers: Azotobacter, Azomonas
Sulfur cyclers
Beggiatoa
Thiomargarita
Purple sulfur
bacteria
Chromatium
C: Gamma Proteobacteria
intracellular parasites
Legionella
Methane-eaters
Methylococcus
Coxiella
Gamma Proteobacteria
F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics
coliforms (lactose-fermenting) opportunists
Escherichia coli
Notable nasty strains:
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) =
E. coli O157:H7
Serratia
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Hafnia & Citrobacter
Gamma Proteobacteria
F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics
non-coliforms (non-lactose-fermenting) opportunists
Proteus colony
Providencia cells (SEM)
Edwardsiella (colonies)
Gamma Proteobacteria
F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics
frank pathogens
Shigella
bacillary dysentery
Salmonella
S. enterica
serovars
S. typhi, S. paratyphi
Yersinia
S. bongori
Yersinia enterocolitica & Y. pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia pestis
C: Gamma Proteobacteria
Family Vibrionaceae
Vibrio
V. cholerae
light on
light off
V. parahaemolyticus
V. vulnificus
V. fischeri
C: Gamma Proteobacteria
Family Pasteurellaceae
Pasteurella multocida
Haemophilus
H. influenzae
H. ducreyi
C: Gamma Proteobacteria
miscellaneous non-enterics
Pseudomonas
Francisella tularensis
Moraxella
M. lacunata
M. catarrhalis
Acinetobacter
“Iraqibacter”
Myxobacteria
C: Delta Proteobacteria
Stigmatella
Bdellovibrio
Desulfovibrio
C: Epsilon Proteobacteria
2005 Nobel
Prize in
Medicine
Campylobacter jejuni
Gemmata
P: Chlamydiae
intracellular parasites
Chlamydia trachomatis
trachoma
C. pneumoniae
STI
P: Spirochaetes
Treponema
T. pallidum pallidum
syphilis
1o =chancre
T. p. endemicum
bejel
T. p. pertenue
2o = rash
3o =gumma
yaws
T. carateum
pinta
Leptospira interrogans
Borrelia
B. recurrenti
Bacteroides
P: Bacteroidetes
Cytophaga
Prevotella
P: Fusobacteria
Fusobacterium
Lots more info on the web
For example:
- medical microbiology texts
- lots of pictures (use a browser
that can get images or photos; eg:
Google, AltaVista, etc.)
- microbe
information sites
eg: MicrobeWiki, Microbe of the Week, etc.