REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
March 2017
Final Report
Prepared for the
Department of State
Development, South
Australia
Average Watts
Version V3.0
Review of Energy Efficiency
Activities under the SA REES
Scheme for 2018-2020
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Prepared by Energy Efficient Strategies
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with Beletich Associates
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Review of Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA REES Scheme
Report prepared for:
Department of State Development, South Australia
Report Authors:
Lloyd Harrington, Energy Efficient Strategies
Robert Foster, Energy Efficient Strategies
Steven Beletich, Beletich Associates
Final Report, 9 March 2017
Disclaimer:
The views, conclusions and recommendations expressed in this report are those of Energy Efficient
Strategies. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are
factually correct, Energy Efficient Strategies gives no warranty regarding its accuracy, completeness,
currency or suitability for any particular purpose and to the extent permitted by law, does not accept any
liability for loss or damages incurred as a result of reliance placed upon the content of this publication.
This publication is provided on the basis that all persons accessing it undertake responsibility for
assessing the relevance and accuracy of its content.
The scope of work for this project and our expertise are in energy savings. Some activities may require
installation of complex equipment. Some activities are undertaken in difficult circumstances. While the
authors have taken due care to review and nominate specifications on safety, DSD and ESCOSA
should seek advice from the appropriate SA Government Departments on the safety and EMC
requirements that should apply to each activity, including products and their installation. The authors
take no responsibility for operational decisions on issues regarding product safety and occupational
health and safety matters within REES.
Project leaders: Energy Efficient Strategies, PO Box 515, Warragul VIC 3820
Telephone: (03) 5626 6333
www.energyefficient.com.au
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Executive Summary
The Retailer Energy Efficiency Scheme (REES) has been operating in South
Australia since 2009. REES is a South Australian Government initiative that
requires larger energy providers to help households and businesses to save
energy. This includes offering energy audits and energy efficiency activities such
as installing energy efficient light globes and stand-by power controllers.
The Department of State Development in South Australia (DSD) requested a
quotation to undertake a technical review of selected REES energy efficiency
activities for the period 2018 to 2020. The scope of works for this project was to
undertake the following tasks for the extended scheme:
1. Review selected currently approved activities under the REES and where
necessary propose amendments to the activities. The scope for review
included:
HC2A
Install an Efficient New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Non
Ducted) ; Residential Only
HC2B
Install an Efficient New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Ducted) ;
Residential Only
L1
Install CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp; Residential Only
L2A,B
Install LED Downlight Lamp Replacement or LED Downlight
Luminaire; Residential Only
L2A - ELV Downlight Lamp Replacement
L2B - LED Downlight Luminaire Replacement
APP1A Purchase high efficiency new refrigerator or refrigerator/freezer;
Residential or Commercial
APP1D Purchase a high efficiency new clothes dryer
APP1F Purchase a high efficiency new television; Residential or
Commercial
APP2
Remove and Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or Freezer;
Residential or Commercial
2. Assess selected new activities for inclusion in the scheme and where
considered viable determine applicable credits and propose suitable
specifications. The scope for review included:
IHD1
Install a device to allow engagement of household with energy
usage and cost at time of use (In Home Display)
RDC1
HC2C
Install High Efficiency Refrigerated Display Cabinets
Replace and remove an existing inefficient air conditioner and
replace with an efficient new reverse cycle air conditioner
Dispose of an old primary refrigerator/freezer and purchase an
energy efficient replacement refrigerator/freezer
APP1G
During the consultation process it was agreed with DSD that the proposed new
activity HC2C could be integrated into the existing activity HC2A and the
proposed new activity APP1G could be integrated into the pre-existing activities
APP1A and APP2.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
UPDATE OF SELECTED EXISTING ACTIVITIES
The following table summarises the key findings of this study in relation to
recommended amendments to be undertaken to the existing activities covered within
the scope of this study:
HC2A - Install an
Efficient New
Reverse Cycle Airconditioner (Non
Ducted) ;
Residential Only
HC2B - Install an
Efficient New
Reverse Cycle Airconditioner (Ducted)
; Residential Only
L1 - Install CFL or
LED General
Purpose Lamp;
Residential Only
Eligibility Requirements – Expanded to include:

Early retirement of a pre-existing AC – Priority group household only

Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater

Replacement of any other type or a new installation (no pre-condition)
Installed product requirements

Minimum ACOP increased from 3.75 to 4.0
Deemed Savings Format

Varied from a formula to a set of simplified lookup tables
Changes to Baseline Assumptions

ACOP Raised from 3.5 to 3.7.

Min AEER requirement of 3.5 added
Changes to Other Assumptions

Assumed product lifetime increased from 10 to 12 years

Free rider discount of 0.9 removed
Eligibility Requirements – Expanded to include:

Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater – panel
type

Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater – slab type

Replacement of any other type or a new installation (no pre-condition)
Installed product requirements

Minimum ACOP increased from 3.5 to 3.7

Permit the installation of multi-split systems (previously not permitted)
Deemed Savings Format

Varied from a formula to a set of simplified lookup tables
Changes to Baseline Assumptions

ACOP Raised from 3.35 to 3.6

Min AEER requirement of 3.4 added
Changes to Other Assumptions

Assumed product lifetime increased from 10 to 13 years

Free rider discount of 0.9 removed
Eligibility Requirements – Revised as follows:

Upper limit in terms of lamp power removed

Lower limit of lamp power reduced to 25W
Installed product requirements

LED technology only now eligible

Replacement lamp must have an equivalent light output to that of the
replaced lamp

Warm white and cool white options must be available

“Directional” and “non-directional” are now defined terms

The IEA-E tier 2 standard was adopted for the “standard efficiency target”

The IEA-E tier 3 standard was adopted for the “high efficiency target”
Deemed Savings Format

Two tiered table format retained but with separate tables for products with
a minimum 10,000 hours life and a minimum 15,000 hour life
Changes to Baseline Assumptions

Assumptions regarding what type of lamp the incumbent lamp would
have been replaced with have been amended as follows:
o Non-directional: 50% CFL/LED and 50% halogen.
o Directional: 40% LED, 40% Incandescent and 20% CFL.
Changes to Other Assumptions

Additional credit for products with a high power factor was considered but
ultimately rejected due to lack of evidence of savings actually realised.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
L2A,B - Install
LED Downlight
Lamp Replacement
or LED Downlight
Luminaire;
Residential Only
APP1A Purchase high
efficiency new
refrigerator or
refrigerator/freezer;
Residential or
Commercial
APP1D Purchase a high
efficiency new
clothes dryer
APP1F Purchase a high
efficiency new
television;
Residential or
Commercial
Eligibility Requirements – Unchanged
Installed product requirements

Minimum efficacy requirement raised to 85 lumens/W

Minimum light output requirement lowered to 400 lumens, however
Replacement lamp must have an equivalent light output to that of the
replaced lamp

Minimum beam angle of 40 degrees specified

Warm white and cool white options must be available

The IEA-E tier 2 standard was adopted for the “standard efficiency target”

The IEA-E tier 3 standard was adopted for the “high efficiency target”
Deemed Savings Format

Two tiered table format retained but with separate tables for products with
a minimum 10,000 hours life and a minimum 15,000 hour life
Changes to Baseline Assumptions

Assumptions regarding what type of lamp the incumbent lamp would
have been replaced with have been amended as follows:
o 70% LED and 30% halogen.
Changes to Other Assumptions
Additional credit for products with a high power factor was considered but
ultimately rejected due to lack of evidence of savings actually realised.
Eligibility Requirements – Unchanged
Installed product requirements - Unchanged
Deemed Savings Format

Varied from a formula basis to a set of simplified lookup tables based on
the star rating of the product and its gross (internal) volume.
Changes to Baseline Assumptions - Nil
Changes to Other Assumptions

Free rider discount of 0.9 removed
Eligibility Requirements – Unchanged
Installed product requirements

Limit on the minimum rated dryer capacity (5kg) reduced to 3kg

Prohibition on the eligibility of combination washer-dryers removed
Deemed Savings Format

Varied from a formula basis to a set of simplified lookup tables based on
the star rating of the product and its rated capacity (kg).
Changes to Baseline Assumptions - Nil
Changes to Other Assumptions

Assumed uses per annum increased from 60 to 78

Assumed product life increased from 10 to 12 years

Free rider discount of 0.9 removed
Eligibility Requirements – Unchanged
Installed product requirements

Minimum qualification threshold set at 7 stars

Energy cap of 242.2 kWh/year set (= 130cm TV rated at six stars)
Deemed Savings Format

Varied from a formula basis to a set of simplified lookup tables based on
the star rating of the product and its screen size (diagonal cm).
Changes to Baseline Assumptions

Fixed baseline set to 5.5 star performance level
Changes to Other Assumptions

Free rider discount of 0.9 removed
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
APP2 - Remove
and Dispose of an
Unwanted
Refrigerator or
Freezer; Residential
or Commercial
Eligibility Requirements – Unchanged
Installed product requirements - Unchanged
Deemed Savings Format

Credits revised to be a per unit removed basis

Categories amended to cover:
o Primary or Secondary types
o Pre 1996 (R12 refrigerant) and 1996 onwards
o Single door <1150mm (groups 2 and 3)
o Single door ≥ 1150mm (group 1)
o Two door (groups 4, 5T, 5B and 5S)
o Freezer Only (groups 6U, 6C and 7)
o Priority group households or other than priority group
households
Changes to Baseline Assumptions

Nil
Changes to Other Assumptions

Free rider discount of 0.9 removed

Rebound discount factor of 0.98 removed

Compliance discount factor of 0.9 removed
PROPOSED NEW ACTIVITIES
This study found that both of the proposed new activities (In home displays and
refrigerated display cabinets) met the requirements of the ministerial protocol and as
such could be included within the scheme starting 2018. The following table
summarises the findings of this study into appropriate specifications to be used for
these proposed new activities:
IHD1 – In Home
display Units
(Residential Only)
RDC1 - Install
High Efficiency
Refrigerated
Display Cabinets
Ministerial Protocol Alignment - Yes
Eligibility Requirements

Aligns with VEET – All residential households eligible
Installed product requirements

Matches requirements within the VEET scheme
Deemed Savings Format

Simple credit per installation (6.1 GJ)
Baseline Assumptions

Baseline assumes no IHD present
Other Assumptions

Household electricity use equals SA state average (5145 kWh/annum)

Activities savings as a % of energy consumption equals 6.6% (based on
VEET)

Assumed product lifetime equals 5 year

No other discounts applied
Ministerial Protocol Alignment - Yes
Eligibility Requirements

All commercial properties eligible

Remote units are excluded (i.e. only covers self-contained units)
Installed product requirements

Generally matches requirements within other schemes

Minimum performance requirement equals the “High Efficiency” standard
as prescribed in AS 1731.14
Deemed Savings Format

Simple credit per installation.

Credit varies according to the type of Refrigerated Display Cabinet
Baseline Assumptions

Baseline assumes standard efficiency as defined in AS 1731.14
Other Assumptions

Assume 20% free riders

Assumed product lifetime equals 8 year
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
Project Overview
11
1.1 Background
11
1.2 Aim of this study
11
1.3 Scope of this Study
12
1.4 Project Methodology
13
1.5 Structure of this Report
16
1.6 Acknowledgements
16
Review of Pre-Existing Activities
17
2.1 Overview
17
2.2 HC2A: New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Non Ducted)
18
2.3 HC2B: New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Ducted)
29
2.4 L1: Install CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp
39
2.5 L2A and 2B: Install LED Downlight
49
2.6 APP1A: Purchase high efficiency new refrigerator/ freezer
59
2.7 APP1D: Purchase a high efficiency new clothes dryer
68
2.8 APP1F: Purchase a high efficiency new television
75
2.9 APP2: Remove and Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or Freezer
86
Review of Proposed New Activities
94
3.1 Overview
94
3.2 IHD1: In Home display Units (Residential Only)
95
3.3 RDC1: Install High Efficiency Refrigerated Display Cabinets
100
3.4 APP1G: Remove and replace a Primary Refrigerator/Freezer
106
Adjustment Factors
107
4.1 Overview
107
4.2 Allowance for Transmission/Distribution System Losses
107
4.3 Enhanced credits for priority group households
109
Credit Calculation Method
110
5.1 Overview
110
5.2 Existing Activities
110
5.3 New Activities
125
6
Specifications – Updated / New
128
7
References
154
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
List of Tables
Table 1: Existing REES Activities
12
Table 2: Proposed New REES Activities
12
Table 3: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – install an efficient new
room air-conditioner (REES – HC2A)
20
Table 4: Summary of qualification and baselines for HC2A
26
Table 5: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (room space conditioners)
27
Table 6: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install a New Reverse
Cycle Air-conditioner (Ducted) (REES – HC2B)
30
Table 7: Summary of qualification and baselines for HC2B
36
Table 8: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (central space conditioners)
37
Table 9: CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp Replacement Activity
39
Table 10: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install CFL or LED
General Purpose Lamp (REES – L1)
40
Table 11: Minimum lamp Efficacy threshold requirement by VEET Efficiency
Category (Lumens/W)
43
Table 12: Current REES Assumptions – Replacement Non-directional Lamps
47
Table 13: Current REES Assumptions – Replacement Directional Lamps
47
Table 14: IEA - 4E efficacy tiers (November 2016)
47
Table 15: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (General Purpose Lamps)
48
Table 16: Install an LED Downlight Activity
49
Table 17: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install LED Downlight
(REES – 2A & 2B)
50
Table 18: IEA - 4E efficacy tiers (November 2016)
57
Table 19: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (space conditioners)
58
Table 20: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Purchase a high
Efficiency Refrigerator or Refrigerator/Freezer (REES – APP1A)
60
Table 21: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (Refrigerators)
67
Table 22: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Purchase a high
Efficiency New Clothes Dryer (REES – APP1D)
69
Table 23: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (Refrigerators)
73
Table 24: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Purchase a high
Efficiency Television (REES – APP1F)
76
Table 25: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (Televisions)
84
Table 26: CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp Replacement Activity
86
Table 27: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Remove and Dispose
of an Unwanted Refrigerator or Freezer (REES – APP2)
87
Table 28: Current Baseline Assumptions: Removal and Disposal of Unwanted
Refrigerator/Freezer
91
Table 29: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (Refrigerator/Freezer Removal) 92
Table 30: Alignment with REES General Principles – In Home Displays
95
Table 31: Activity Alignment with REES Specific Principles – In Home Displays
95
Table 32: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install a HE
Refrigerated Display Cabinet
97
Table 33: Alignment with REES General Principles - High Efficiency RDCs
100
Table 34: Activity Alignment with REES Specific Principles – High Efficiency RDCs
100
Table 35: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install a HE
Refrigerated Display Cabinet
102
Table 36: Factors Impacting on Realised Savings - RDCs
105
Table 37: Activity HC2A - Variables for calculation of default savings factors
111
Table 38: Activity HC2A – Normalised Energy Savings Tables (2 climates, 3 options)
111
Table 39: Activity HC2A - Variables for calculation of default savings factors
113
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 40: Activity HC2B – Normalised Energy Savings Tables (2 climates, 3 options)
114
Table 41: Default Saving Factors for Non-Directional Lamps
116
Table 42: Default Saving Factors for Directional Lamps
116
Table 43: Default saving factors for LED downlights
117
Table 44: Assumed values by Group for refrigerator savings tables
118
Table 45: Default savings factors in GJ for Group 1 refrigerators
119
Table 46: Default savings factors in GJ for Group 4, 5T, 5B and 5S refrigerators 119
Table 47: Default savings factors in GJ for clothes dryers
120
Table 48: Default savings factors in GJ for televisions
122
Table 49: Assumed gross volume of appliance by type and vintage
123
Table 50: Default savings factors in GJ for Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or
Freezer
124
Table 51: Default Savings Factors for In Home Display Units
125
Table 52: Default Savings Factors - Refrigerated Display Cabinets
127
List of Figures
Figure 1: Schematic of energy savings from air conditioner early retirement ........... 24
Figure 2: Share of reverse cycle for electric heating in SA ...................................... 25
Figure 3: Distribution of refrigerator registration in Australia by 0.1 stars ................. 66
Figure 4: Share of television registrations by technology by year ............................ 81
Figure 5: Average screen size of television registrations by technology by year ...... 81
Figure 6: Average star rating index of television registrations by technology by year82
Figure 7: Average CEC (energy) of television registrations by technology by year .. 82
Figure 8: Distribution of Star Rating Index for all registrations by year ..................... 83
Figure 9: South Australian Distribution Loss Factors 2016-17 (AEMO 2016) ......... 108
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
General Abbreviations
ABC
Automatic Brightness Control (Televisions)
ABCB
Australian Building Codes Board
AC
Air conditioner
Activity
A defined set of requirements and actions under REES that
result in energy savings, in accordance with the relevant
specification
AEMO
Australian Energy Market Operator
AS
Australian Standard
BA
Beletich and Associates
CEC
Comparative Energy Consumption (energy on a label)
CER
Clean Energy Regulator
CFL
Compact Fluorescent Light
COP
Coefficient of Performance (air conditioner heating)
CRI
Colour Rendering Index (lighting)
DCCEE
Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency
Department (The)
See DSD
DMITRE
Department for Manufacturing, Innovation, Trade, Resources
and Energy, South Australia (now DSD)
DRET
Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism (Federal)
DSD
Department of State Development, SA (formerly DMITRE)
EER
Energy Efficiency Ratio (air conditioner cooling)
EES
Energy Efficient Strategies P/L
EEIS
Energy Efficiency (Cost of Living) Improvement Scheme
(ACT)
ESC
Essential Services Commission of Victoria
ESCOSA
Essential Services Commission of South Australia
ESS
Energy Savings Scheme (NSW)
GEMS
Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (Federal)
GJ
Giga-Joule (109 Joules) (energy for a specific fuel)
GJe
Equivalent Giga-Joules (energy for all fuels)
GLS
General Lighting Service (light bulb – also called general
purpose lamp)
HE
High Efficiency
IHDU
In Home Display Unit
kWh
Kilowatt hour
MEPS
Minimum Energy Performance Standards
NATA
National Association of Testing Authorities
NZS
New Zealand Standard
PAEC
Projected Annual Energy Consumption – see also CEC
PF
Power Factor
QH
Quartz Halogen
RDC
Refrigerated Display Cabinet
RECS
Renewable Energy Certificates (also called STCs) (CER)
REES
Retailer Energy Efficiency Scheme (South Australia)
SPC
Standby Power Controller boards
STC
Small Scale Technology Certificates (CER)
VEET
Victoria Energy Efficiency Target Scheme
W
Watt
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
1 Project Overview
1.1 Background
The REES scheme has been operating in South Australia since 2009. The Retailer
Energy Efficiency Scheme (REES) is a South Australian Government initiative that
requires larger energy providers to help households save energy. Its operation is
governed by Part 4 of the Electricity (General) Regulations 2012 and Part 4 of the
Gas Regulations 2012.
Ahead of the REES continuing from 2018 for another stage, DSD is undertaking work
to advise the Minister for Mineral Resources and Energy on the suite of energy
efficiency activities that would apply for the period 1 January 2018 to 31 December
2020.
In November 2016, Energy Efficient Strategies, with Beletich Associates, were
commissioned by DSD to undertake a partial review into the scheme activities in
preparation for its continuation in 2018.
1.2 Aim of this study
There are two main aims In relation to this study as set out in the project brief (see
Appendix 1). These are:
1. To assess where improvements could be made to energy saving factors
and specifications for selected existing activities including:
o
o
o
o
Review and, where necessary, propose amendments to the minimum
specification for the activity;
Review and, where necessary propose amendments to the energy
saving credits for the activity,
Provide methodologies and/or deeming values for calculating the
energy saving credits.
Substantiate any proposed amendments to the minimum
specifications or energy saving credits with detailed technical analysis.
2. To assess a range of proposed new activities for inclusion into the
approved scheme list, including activities to accelerate uptake of REES
activities in regional and remote SA, and in priority group household
including:
o
o
o
o
Review available materials and formulate minimum specification for
the activity;
Review available materials and formulate energy saving credits for the
activity,
Develop methodologies and/or deeming values for calculating the
energy saving credits.
Substantiate the proposed minimum specifications and energy saving
credits with detailed technical analysis.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
1.3 Scope of this Study
The scope of the activities covered in this study are summarised in Table 1
(existing activities) and Table 2 (proposed new activities). Blue text covers
additional requirements/directions in relation to specific activities as advised by
Inty Khan of DSD on 5 November 2016.
Table 1: Existing REES Activities
Code
HC2A
HC2B
L1
L2A,B
APP1A
APP1D
APP1F
APP2
Activity Description
Install an Efficient New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Non
Ducted) ; Residential Only
Provide simplified table based credits
Install an Efficient New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Ducted) ;
Residential Only
Provide simplified table based credits
Install CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp; Residential Only
Review savings assumptions
CFLs to be deleted
Install LED Downlight Lamp Replacement or LED Downlight
Luminaire; Residential Only
L2A - ELV Downlight Lamp Replacement
L2B - LED Downlight Luminaire Replacement
Review savings assumptions
Purchase high efficiency new refrigerator or refrigerator/freezer;
Residential or Commercial
Provide simplified table based credits
Purchase a high efficiency new clothes dryer
Review savings assumptions
Purchase a high efficiency new television; Residential or
Commercial
Provide simplified table based credits
Remove and Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or Freezer;
Residential or Commercial
Provide simplified table based credits
Table 2: Proposed New REES Activities
Code
Activity Description
IHD1
Install a device to allow engagement of household with energy
usage and cost at time of use.
RDC1
HC2C*
Install High Efficiency Refrigerated Display Cabinets
Replace and remove an existing inefficient air conditioner and
replace with an efficient new reverse cycle air conditioner
Dispose of an old primary refrigerator/freezer and purchase an
energy efficient replacement refrigerator/freezer
APP1G
*Note: For simplicity and improved harmonisation, the proposed new activity HC2C has been
integrated into the existing activity HC2A. For details relating to HC2C refer to sections
relating to the review and upgrade of activity HC2A.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
1.4 Project Methodology
The methodology adopted for this study is summarised in the following list of six
tasks undertaken by the authors:
Task 1 – Review Phase – Existing Activities
Task 2 – Review Phase – Proposed New Activities
Task 3 – Review Phase – Adjustment Factors
Task 4 – Review Findings Presentation (“Workshop”)
Task 5 – Develop/Revise Methodologies for Calculating Credits
Task 6 – Develop/Revise Minimum Specifications
The scope of each of the above tasks is detailed in the following subsections.
1.4.1
Task 1 - Review Phase – Existing activities
The review of existing activities included the following 5 elements:
1. Review activity database
Interrogation of the database of REES activities over the past few years was
undertaken to help identify those in scope activities that exhibit particularly low
take up rates. Such activities within the project scope will be subject to closer
scrutiny to try and identify any factors that may be limiting the take up rate,
particularly any impediments that might relate to onerous specification and or
installation requirements.
2. Review of approaches taken by other jurisdictions
In addition to reviewing the current REES specifications, existing activity
specifications were compared to those applied in other jurisdictions (NSW,
Victoria and the ACT). Differences in approach were highlighted and an
assessment of the merits of the alternative approaches undertaken.
3. Opportunities for harmonisation
As part of the analysis to be undertaken in element 2 above, consideration was
given to options for greater harmonisation with other jurisdictions, particularly
where such harmonisation offers an improvement over current practice.
4. Review of assumptions
A review was undertaken of the assumptions used in the original 2014 analysis
(Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA REES Scheme).
Assumptions reviewed included those relating to:

The baseline settings

Potential activity performance levels

Other key assumptions underpinning the credit estimates such as:
o
Additionality
o
Product lifespan
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
o
Usage factors
o
Rebound potential
o
Compliance issues
Where warranted, updates to the baseline, performance levels and assumptions
have been proposed for inclusion into the algorithms used for calculating scheme
credits.
5. Review of specification provisions
A review of the current product and installation specifications as developed in the
original 2014 analysis (Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under
the SA REES Scheme) was undertaken with particular attention to what is
current practice in other jurisdictions. Where warranted, updates to product and
installation specifications have been proposed.
1.4.2
Task 2 - Review Phase – Proposed New Activities
The review of new activities included 6 elements as follows:
1. Assess suitability of proposed new activities (ministerial protocol)
Each of the proposed new activities was assessed against the current ministerial
protocol to determine if the proposed activities meet the acceptance criteria.
2. Review of approaches taken by other jurisdictions
Where the proposed new activity is currently undertaken in other jurisdictions the
approach taken in those other jurisdictions was reviewed and their merits or
otherwise assessed in the context of the SA scheme.
3. Opportunities for harmonisation
As part of the analysis to be undertaken in element 2 above, consideration was
given to options for harmonisation with other jurisdictions, particularly where such
harmonisation also represents best practice.
4. Analyse and establish baseline performance
In order that a benefit (credit) can be determined in relation to a new activity it is
a requirement that a baseline performance for that activity first be established.
That is, the performance level that would be expected in the absence of the
particular intervention (activity) under REES. To this end a review of the available
material on current baselines, including baseline assumptions made in other
jurisdictions as applicable and factors such as impending regulatory change that
could impact on the baseline was undertaken.
5. Analyse expected activity performance.
In order that a benefit (credit) can be determined in relation to a new activity the
expected performance or performance range associated with the proposed
activity needs to be determined. The difference between the expected
performance level and the baseline level of performance then forms the basis for
estimating the appropriate level of credit for the particular activity. The analysis
takes into account the latest available market data on the range of and trends in
the expected performance levels from the particular activity. Performance
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
assumptions adopted in other jurisdictions as applicable were also taken into
account. In addition the following factors were considered:

Additionality

Product lifespan

Usage factors

Energy service equivalence

Rebound potential

Compliance issues.
1.4.3
Task 3 – Review Phase – Adjustment Factors
For this study, two potential activity credit adjustment factors were considered for
inclusion in the REES scheme. These were:


Impacts of Electrical Network Transmission/Distribution System Losses
Impacts of priority group households.
In theory these factors would serve to increase the available credits available
under the scheme in particular circumstances (e.g. in regional areas of SA or in
relation to priority group households). Refer to Section 4 for the findings in
relation to these factors.
1.4.4
Task 4 - Review Findings Presentation (Workshop)
At the conclusion of the review stage (tasks 1, 2 and 3) a working document was
produced (effectively a draft version of this document) setting out the findings and
recommendations from that stage of the work. The document set out the findings
from the review process and made recommendations in relation to the
completion of the remaining stages of the project i.e. proposed methodologies for
calculating credits and proposed specifications or specification revisions.
Following a review of the working document by DSD and ESCOSA staff, a
workshop was conducted at the office of DSD on 31 January 2017. During the
workshop, participants worked through each activity, the technical background
and the draft recommendations. The feedback from that workshop on the
approach and recommendations was then incorporated into this report.
1.4.5
Task 5 - Develop/Revise Methodologies for Calculating Credits
Based on the findings from the review process (tasks 1, 2 and 3) and the
directions received from the workshop (task 4), the project team developed;

In the case of existing activities; proposed revisions as applicable to the
existing methodologies for calculating credits

In the case of new activities; proposed methods for calculating credits
In developing such methodologies regard was given to:

Current practice

Practice in other jurisdictions

Baseline assumptions
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME

Expected activity performance levels

Maximising the flexibility of the method to encompass differing
technologies.
1.4.6
Task 6 - Develop/Revise Minimum Specifications
Based on the findings from the review process (tasks 1, 2 and 3) and the
directions received from the workshop (task 4) the project team:

In the case of existing activities; proposed revisions as applicable to the
eligibility, product and installation specifications

In the case of new activities; proposed suitable eligibility, product and
installation specifications.
In developing such methodologies regard was given to:

Current practice

Practice in other jurisdictions

Relevant Standards and Codes

Maximising the flexibility of the activity by adopting performance rather
than prescriptive specifications wherever practical.
1.5 Structure of this Report
This report comprises seven main sections as follows:
1 Project Overview
2 Review of Pre-Existing Activities
3 Review of Proposed New Activities
4 Adjustment Factors
5 Credit Calculation Method
6 Specifications – Updated / New
7 References
1.6 Acknowledgements
This study was undertaken by Energy Efficient Strategies (Victoria) with important
contributions from Beletich Associates (NSW).
A number of organisations were contacted during the project and their cooperation
and assistance is gratefully acknowledged. These include:
 Ian McNicol of Sustainability Victoria;
 Staff of DSD in South Australia.
 Grant Cox of SA Power Networks
 Staff of ESCOSA in South Australia.
The authors would like to thank the project manager, Inty Khan of DSD, for his
guidance and direction throughout the project.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
2 Review of Pre-Existing Activities
2.1 Overview
This section includes a review of selected pre-existing activities currently available
under the REES scheme. The activities nominated by DSD for review were:









HC2A: Install an Efficient New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Non Ducted) ;
Residential Only
HC2B: Install an Efficient New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Ducted) ;
Residential Only
L1: Install CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp; Residential Only
L2A: ELV Downlight Lamp Replacement
L2B: LED Downlight Luminaire Replacement
APP1A: Purchase high efficiency new refrigerator or refrigerator/freezer;
Residential or Commercial
APP1D: Purchase a high efficiency new clothes dryer
APP1F: Purchase a high efficiency new television; Residential or Commercial
APP2: Remove and Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or Freezer;
Residential or Commercial
The review process undertaken separately for each of the above activities includes:
 A review of the REES activity database
 A review of the approaches to similar activities in other jurisdictions
 An examination of opportunities for harmonisation
 A review of the current assumptions that underlie the activities estimate of
credit including baselines
 A review of the current specification provisions.
The comparison of current SA regulations with those current in other jurisdictions
relied on the following publications that were understood to be current at the
commencement of this project in November 2016:




SA – Electricity Act 1997 and Gas Act 1997 - The Retailer Energy Efficiency
Scheme - Minimum Specifications for Energy Efficiency Activities as
published in the South Australian Government Gazette as published on 18
December 2014 (P 6791 – 6845)
NSW – Energy Saving Scheme Rule of 2009 effective from 30 September
2016. Includes Energy Savings Scheme (Amendment No.1) Rule 2016 and
Energy Savings Scheme (Amendment No.2) Rule 2016. Also, the draft ESS
rule changes as published in November 2016.
VIC – Victorian Energy Efficient Target Regulations 2008 – Version no. 17
published April 2016 (more recent proposed changes to activities in VEET
were also examined)
ACT - Energy Efficiency (Cost of Living) Improvement (Eligible Activities)
Determination 2015 (No. 2) published in January 2015 and the draft Energy
Efficiency (Cost of Living) Improvement (Eligible Activities) Determination
2016 expected to be published in January 2017.
The following subsections detail the outcomes from the review process.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
2.2 HC2A: New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Non Ducted)
2.2.1
REVIEW OF ACTIVITY DATABASE
The available data from the REES activity database dating back to 2009 for this
activity indicates that there has been no uptake of this activity since the
commencement for the program. One theory regarding the poor uptake of this activity
is that the formula based approach used to determine credits, whilst highly flexible
and accurate, serves as a barrier to less technically adept stakeholders. An
alternative approach using a simple tabular format for the credits is explored in this
review.
2.2.2
REVIEW OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS, HARMONISATION
Table 3 summarises the current key parameters of the REES scheme as well as the
schemes currently operating in the ACT (EEIS), NSW (ESS) and Victoria (VEET) for
this activity. In the case of the ACT scheme the text in black reflects the current
regulations and the text in red reflects changes that are expected to be introduced to
the current regulations starting in 2017 (these changes were out for comment at the
time of commencement of this study). Struck through black text under the ACT
indicates that the proposed new regulations would supersede this particular aspect of
the current regulations.
Reviewing the various schemes with an eye to improved harmonisation with
schemes outside SA (and improved specification generally), the following
observations/recommendations are made:
Eligibility Requirements: At present, there are effectively no pre-conditions in SA
in relation to this activity. The installation can either be as a new unit or a
replacement unit replacing any form of pre-existing heater. The baseline is calculated
as the difference between a new average market product and the selected high
efficiency product (i.e. the efficiency of any existing heater is not considered in the
calculation, so the savings are necessarily modest). In the ACT, the draft new
regulations provide differing credits that are tailored to the type of installation, in
particular the type of equipment being replaced. Victoria uses a similar approach in
relation to ducted gas heater installations and also the replacement of fixed electric
heating systems.
A new activity (HC2C) that specifically targets replacement of existing heating
systems in priority group households with a reverse cycle non ducted air-conditioner
has been proposed for inclusion in the REES scheme by DSD as part of this study. In
the interests of harmonisation and simplicity it is recommended that rather than
creating a new activity (i.e. HC2C) that this activity (HC2A) simply be modified to
allow for a range of differing pre-conditions, as is the current proposal for adoption in
the ACT.
Depending on the type of pre-existing heater (or in some cases no pre-existing
heater is assumed) a different baseline is assumed and a different REES Savings
Factor would be applicable. Pre-condition or baseline options (based on those
adopted in other jurisdictions) could include:
 Replacement of a pre-existing air-conditioner (assumed to have stock
average performance at the time of installation)
 Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME


Replacement of a pre-existing fixed non-ducted gas heater. This is an option
in the ACT where they expect to achieve greenhouse gas intensities for
electricity close to zero i.e. far superior to gas – however, this activity has
limited application in other jurisdictions at this stage until the emissions
intensity of electricity falls to be a comparable level to gas. During the
workshop phase DSD considered this option but concluded that inclusion of
this option was not warranted at this stage
Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (non-ducted) without precondition in relation to type of existing equipment if any. This could include
the replacement of any other type of fixed heater or a new installation (no
existing system is specified).
Recommendation (Eligibility Requirements): Combine existing activity HC2A
with proposed new activity HC2C utilizing a range of pre-condition options (i.e.
types of pre-existing heater units to be replaced). These could include:
 Replacement (early retirement) of a pre-existing air-conditioner (stock
average) in priority group households only
 Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater
 Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (non-ducted) without
pre-condition in relation to type of existing equipment. (this option equates
to current provisions of this activity)
Installed Product Requirements: Generally REES provisions align well with other
jurisdictions except that most other jurisdictions now set a minimum performance
standard of ACOP = 4.0 rather than 3.75. More discussion on this issue is included in
the section on baselines below.
Recommendation (Installed Product Requirements): Review the current
minimum performance requirement setting of 3.75 and unless otherwise indicated
adopt a minimum ACOP requirement of 4.0.
Deemed Savings (Format): The current format used in the REES scheme is a
formula based approach based on an average sized stock standard dwelling in South
Australia which is very accurate in terms of accounting for the performance rating of
the unit (ACOP) but does not account for different capacity units (assumes an
average size of approximately 4.5 kW). The other jurisdictions use tables of credits
based on various ranges of capacity and performance1. The “table” approach is
understood to be favoured by a significant proportion of the third party contractors.
DSD have also indicated a preference for the inclusion of table based deemed
savings factors. These could be included as an addition to the formula or as a
replacement, although retaining both could prove confusing.
Tables could either be based on:
 The installed units energy performance (Heating and Cooling) as applicable
to an average sized dwelling (i.e. the current approach used in SA)
 the installed units energy performance (Heating and Cooling) used as a
multiplier to the units rated capacity (i.e. as per the NSW approach)
 both the star rating and a set of predefined capacity ranges (as per the VIC
and current ACT approach)
1
Note: The ACT in its draft legislation update for 2017 proposes to adopt a formula approach
that accounts for both the unit’s capacity and its performance level.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 3: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – install an efficient new room air-conditioner (REES – HC2A)
Parameters
Included in scheme?
Working Title
Activity Reference Number
Required pre-condition
EEIS
ESS
VEET
REES
Yes
Install high efficiency space air-to-air
heat pump (type of heater replaced
not specified)
Yes
Install a high efficient air-conditioner
Yes
Space air to air heat pump
Yes
Install an efficient new reverse cycle
air conditioner (non-ducted)
Part 2.5
To be Part 2.3 in the revised regs.
Residential Premise installing a high
efficiency air to air heat pump (room
space heater) with a minimum
annual coefficient of performance
(ACOP) of 4.0
D4
Schedule 10
HC2A
No existing air conditioner is fixed in
place that provides cooling and/or
heating to the conditioned space
Installing a space air to air heat
pump that complies with the criteria
specified in Part A of Schedule 10.
Any residential household in South
Australia where the installed product
requirements and minimum
installation requirements can be met.
This can include new or replacement
systems
Nil
Limitation on replacements
Nil
Performance requirements
Complies with MEPS
is more efficient than the equipment
it replaces;
achieves a minimum (ACOP) of 4.0
has a minimum rated output heating
capacity of 2 kW (H1 condition)
Maximum output = 10kW
1. The unit must be assigned a
minimum star rating for cooling and
heating (3.0 - 10 stars depending on
type)
1. Complies with MEPS
2. Minimum annual coefficient of
performance (ACOP) of 4
3. Minimum rated output heating
capacity of 2 kW at H1 condition
4. Is listed on the ESC register.
1. SRI of ≥ 3.0 stars for both heating
and cooling under AS/NZS3823.2
(2013) (ACOP and AEER at rated
capacity of ≥3.75
2. rated cooling output not
exceeding 13kW.
3. Multi-split systems or water
source heat pumps are not eligible.
Deemed savings
ACOP = 4-4.49
2-3 kW 4.65 t CO2-e/unit
3.1-6.0kW 8.85 t CO2-e/unit
>6.0kW 11.09 t CO2-e/unit
ACOP = 4.5 - 4.99
2-3 kW 4.83 t CO2-e/unit
3.1-6.0kW 9.18 t CO2-e/unit
>6.0kW 11.5 t CO2-e/unit
ACOP = 5 - 5.49
2-3 kW 4.96 t CO2-e/unit
3.1-6.0kW 9.44 t CO2-e/unit
>6.0kW 11.82 t CO2-e/unit
ACOP = 5.5 +
2-3 kW 5.07 t CO2-e/unit
3.1-6.0kW 9.64 t CO2-e/unit
>6.0kW 12.04 t CO2-e/unit
Electricity Savings = Cooling
Capacity × Cooling Energy Savings
Factor + Heating Capacity × Heating
Energy Savings Factor
Equals Abatement Factor x Regional
Factor (Unit = t CO2-e/unit installed)
Abatement factor varies by:
Capacity of unit:

2 – 2.99kW

3 – 6kW

>6 kW
Zone 6 =
Performance of unit

ACOP = 4 – 4.49

ACOP = 4.5 – 4.99

ACOP = 5 – 5.49

ACOP = 5.5 or more
Where:
MH = Registered Heating ACOP
MC = Registered Cooling AEER
Formula based on ACOP, capacity
Nil
Heating and cooling Savings Factors
vary by performance of replacement
unit type (3 – 10 stars) and climate
zone
Credits for both heating and cooling
provided (cooling only about 20 30% in BCA climate zones 5&6)
57.8 – 193.1/MH – 8.4/MC (GJ)
All other locations =
37.9 – 84.8/MH – 44.6/MC (GJ)
Regional Factor
(Location/Climate/Performance)

Metro = 1
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Parameters
Regional Variations?
Warranty Requirements
EEIS
and assumed baseline efficiency for
3 cases:

Pre-existing resistance
electric

Pre-existing gas

Any other type including
no pre-existing
Additional small credit for units that
meet H2
Nil
Nil
Referenced Standards
AS 3823
AS/NZS 3823.2 - 2013
Other requirements
be completed and certified in
accordance with the relevant code or
codes of practice and other relevant
legislation applying to the activity,
including any licensing, registration,
statutory approval, activity
certification, health, safety,
environmental or waste disposal
requirements
Is installed by a person who is
familiar with the “Air Conditioning
Residential Best Practice Guideline
published by the Australian Institute
of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning
and Heating (AIRAH)
ESS

VEET
Other – varies 0.12 – 0.79
REES
4 sets of BCA climate zones
5 years
Mild, Cold and Hot climates + Metro
Nil
2 climate zones - see above
Nil
AS/NZS 3823.2:2011.
AS/NZS 3823.2:2013
AS/NZS3823.2 (2013)
AS 60335.2.40 (installation
standard)
The activity must be performed or
supervised by a licensed electrician
Persons installing heating/cooling
systems should have regard to the
“Air Conditioning Residential Best
Practice Guideline” (2003) published
by the Australian Institute of
Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and
Heating (AIRAH). All reasonable
endeavours should be used to
recycle removed systems
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
As noted in the 2014 study (EES 2014), the current approach discourages the
upsizing of air-conditioner units by having a flat credit rate unaffected by the unit’s
capacity. This is a very simple system for third party contractors and unless there is
an indication otherwise, the current basis remains appropriate.
Recommendation (Deemed Savings Format): Include tables of deemed
savings factors based on the current calculation method (i.e. a single factor
based on an average sized SA dwelling) as a replacement for the current formula
based method.
Separate tables for the two climate zones would need to be provided. Each table
would need to be in the form of a matrix with a range of heating performances
(ACOPs) along the vertical axis and a range of cooling performances (AEERs)
along the horizontal axis. Separate sets of tables would also need to be provided
for each different base case (pre-existing equipment type).
Where a pre-existing equipment type has no cooling mode (e.g. a resistance
electric heater) the cooling energy associated with the replacement airconditioner will need to be treated as a negative credit (i.e. additional energy
usage compared to the base case)
Additional credits for H2 compliance (as proposed for application in the ACT) are
not considered warranted in South Australia.
Regional Variations: All jurisdictions (except the ACT) apply some form of regional
factor to the awarded credits based on the range of climate conditions encountered
across the various states. The current approach in the REES scheme using BCA
climate zones as the basis for adjusting credits is therefore recommended for
retention.
Potential additional regional factors relating to transmission losses in the electricity
grid that are recommended for inclusion are covered separately in Section 4.
Recommendation (Regional Variations): Refer Section 4 of this report for
recommendations.
2.2.3 REVIEW OF BASELINE ASSUMPTIONS
For the current activity, the savings are assessed as a function of the energy
consumption of the new efficient appliance selected compared to the average
appliance that would have been installed in the absence of REES (business as usual
– market average). This is a simple calculation as the market average and the high
efficiency system are both installed at the same time and the savings extend over the
assumed life of the product.
The proposed addition of a pre-existing appliance requires some additional
calculations and assumptions. The two main new cases that could be considered are
the installation of an efficient new reverse cycle air conditioner as a:
•
Replacement of a pre-existing air-conditioner (assume stock average
efficiency at the time of installation)
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•
Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater (no change in
efficiency over time)
There are several issues to consider and assumptions to be made for these two subcases.
Replacement of an existing air conditioner (Priority group households only). At
a minimum, there should be a requirement that the existing system is operating.
There are two important parameters that impact on the energy savings in this case:
the efficiency (or energy consumption) of the existing system and the assumed
length of time that it would have operated in the absence of REES encouraging early
replacement.
Establishing a market average efficiency of an existing air conditioner is possible if
the approximate age of the system is known, based on historical profiles of products
sold. MEPS levels were introduced for single phase air conditioners in 2004 and
these were ratcheted up several times up until 2012, so the average efficiency of the
existing system will be quite sensitive to the assumed age. The second parameter to
be assumed is the length of time that the old system would have continued to
operate prior to replacement in the absence of REES. There is not a lot of data
around to provide guidance on this aspect, but an optimistic assumption would be
that the existing unit would have operated for a further four years (one third of the
assumed revised lifetime – see below). For ANY additional savings to accrue from
this activity, the existing heat pump system would have to be replaced before then
end of its normal working life: i.e. that REES encourages early retirement of the
existing system.
The savings from replacement in this sub-activity can then be calculated as follows:
Current savings available for activity HC2A (shown as “A” in Figure 1)
Plus
Savings for x years operation times the difference between market average new
efficiency now and the efficiency of the existing system (shown as “B” in Figure 1).
In reality, the baseline energy consumption for an average new product will be
declining over time. However, programs like REES do not generally need to take this
into account as the comparison is between an average new product installed now
and a high efficiency product installed now.
In the case of early retirement, the savings are quite sensitive to the assumed time
that the old system would continue to operate. Four years may be quite optimistic
(generous). The other complication is that when the old system is replaced, the
baseline energy consumption (average market new energy) in four years is likely to
be slightly lower that the current baseline assumption. This would appear as a small
negative saving from the time of replacement that would need to come off the energy
savings from early retirement (“C” in Figure 1). As the systems are installed at
different times, the savings are not directly comparable. But this can be ignored if it is
assumed that the base case just replaces each new system at the end of its life with
a market average new system. So if 4 years is assumed as the average period of
early retirement encouraged by this activity, discounting this to 3 years may be
prudent to account for some free riders and to take into account the natural
improvement in baseline energy consumption that would occur during this period.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Figure 1: Schematic of energy savings from air conditioner early retirement
Other schemes such as VEET and EEIS do not count any savings from the
difference in efficiency between the old air conditioner and the new one when a
system is replaced with like for like. The assumption under those schemes is that the
householder was going to replace the old system in any case with an average market
new system and that the scheme only provides incentive to install a high efficiency
system. Under this proposed REES activity variant, there is a risk of free riders if
additional savings based on early retirement is assumed. That is, this new activity for
priority group households saves additional energy where householders are
encouraged to retire early their existing air conditioner.
Replacement of an existing fixed resistance electric heater: As a minimum,
there should be a requirement that the existing system is operating. These types of
systems are likely to be fairly uncommon, but they do exist. This case is much
simpler as it would be reasonable to assume that the existing system would continue
to operate indefinitely and may never be replaced with a reverse cycle air conditioner
in the absence of REES. Therefore the efficiency difference could be assumed to
remain over the life of the new product.
However, all states, including South Australia, have shown a long term trend away
from electric resistance heating to reverse cycle air conditioners over the past 50
years, so there is some natural migration from electric resistance to reverse cycle
within the base case (see Figure 2). Given that this is a desirable activity and the rate
of change is slow, these “free riders” would have been adequately captured by the
existing overall free riders assumption. For many of the other activities under review
in this report the free rider discount is recommended for removal, however, in this
case it may be necessary to build in a small factor for this specific sub-activity.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Figure 2: Share of reverse cycle for electric heating in SA
SA
100%
90%
AC Share of Electric Heating
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
2020
2017
2014
2011
2008
2005
2002
1999
1996
1993
1990
1987
1984
1981
1978
1975
1972
1969
1966
0%
Year
The savings from replacement in this sub-activity can then be calculated as follows:
ACOP of the new system minus 1 (COP of a resistance electric) over the expected
lifetime.
Install a new efficient air conditioner: The current qualification for HC2A is 2.5
stars or an ACOP of 3.5 – this applies to both heating and cooling. This is weaker
than the original REES scheme (3 stars = ACOP 3.75) and weaker than the EES
recommended level in the 2014 review (also 3 stars). However, the energy savings
formula in the 2014 revision was as recommended by EES, which uses a baseline
ACOP of 2.5 stars (ACOP 3.5). This means that some products that now qualify
under REES could achieve almost no savings under the savings formula.
The average ACOP of non-ducted air conditioners <10kW registered in 2014 to 2016
was 3.84. This is up from an ACOP of about 3.6 in 2011 and 2012. This suggests
that the savings baseline could be revised upwards somewhat.
Currently a common star rating for heating and cooling or a common AEER/ACOP is
specified as the REES qualification criteria. As cooling is an important component for
South Australia, a cooling requirement should be retained in REES (even though this
is not generally specified in other states). However there is an inherent difference in
heating and cooling performance (average difference of all registered non-ducted
models is about 0.15 to 0.2). The baseline in Victoria and ACT is now an ACOP of
4.0 and NSW is an ACOP of 3.75 (3 stars). The average ACOP of all non-ducted
reverse cycle systems under 10kW registered in 2015 and 2016 is 3.85 and there
were 135 models registered in those years with an ACOP of 4.0 or more (out of a
total of 390 registrations in those years). On this basis the minimum specifications for
non-ducted air conditioners should be increased to an ACOP of 4.0 (equivalent to 3.5
stars) but a requirement of AEER of 3.75 (3.0 stars) for cooling should be separately
specified. This will bring REES into closer alignment with other states (even though
for practical purposes they are already fairly close due to the heating/cooling
differential for most products).
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 4: Summary of qualification and baselines for HC2A
Scheme version
Original REES
EES review 2014 recommend
REES 2014 actual
Average new 2014-2016
VEET and EEIS updated
EES review 2016 recommend
Qualify
stars
3.0
3.0
2.5
Qualify
ACOP
3.75
3.75
3.5
3.5
3.0/3.5
4.0
3.75/4.0
Baseline
ACOP
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.84
3.3-4.3/3.7
3.5/3.7
Notes: All REES requirements apply to heating and cooling. Average new data based on 657
non-ducted registrations in the range 2kW to 10kW from 2014 to Dec 2016. Average AEER
was 3.67 for the same models. VEET have three baselines depending on the product size.
EEIS discount the ACOP of 3.7 for cold climate performance degradation, but this will
generally not apply in South Australia.
Draft Recommendation (Baseline Assumptions):
Change assumed lifetime to 12 years to align with Victoria and ACT
Update baseline of average new market in 2017 based on latest data – ACOP = 3.7
and AEER of 3.5
Update qualification requirements to be AEER ≥ 3.75 (3.0 stars) and ACOP ≥ 4.0
(3.5 stars)
Add new baselines where specified existing equipment is replaced:
•
Existing AC - average ACOP from 2008 and assume old system operates for
3 years before replacement with market average new AC.
•
Existing resistance electric – average ACOP of 1 over lifetime
2.2.4 REVIEW OF ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE ASSUMPTIONS
At present, performance assumptions primarily relate to the units AEER and ACOP
rating. This remains the basis upon which these units are rated under
AS/NZS3823.2:2013 and this is also the basis upon which all other jurisdictions
estimate expected energy savings.
The current REES formula based approach allows for any level of performance to be
assumed. In the VEET and current EEIS schemes a range of ACOP values are
assumed from 4.0 to > 5.5. In the ESS scheme the range extends up to 10 stars
(ACOP = 7.25) noting that the current highest performing product on the market is 7
stars (ACOP = 5.75).
DSD’s desire is to adopt simplified tabular formats rather than formula based
methods as a means for defining the available savings credits. Performance options
based on GEMS star ratings are therefore proposed.
ACOP or star rating bins are usually defined in terms of the lowest value in each bin
(e.g. products which lie in the SRI range 4.00 to 4.49 are defined as being in the “4
star bin”). One option would be to assume all products within that bin just meet the
minimum standard (i.e. 4.00 stars), this would be a conservative estimate of actual
benefits as some products would exceed 4.00 stars. Alternatively, it could be
assumed that all products within a bin met the average for that bin (e.g. 4 star bin =
4.25 stars), this approach is likely to be somewhat optimistic in terms of the actual
benefits as the majority of products in any one star rating bin are known to lie within
the lowest quartile of that bin, at least for some products. Note that when VEET
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
define ACOP bins for heating (e.g. 4.00 to 4.49), they calculate the savings for that
bin on the lowest ACOP in the bin range (i.e. 4.00) for all products in that bin (see
Figure 3 for refrigerators).
Recommendation (Activity Performance Assumptions) :
 Continue to define performance in terms of a product’s ACOP (efficiency) as
the primary measure, but organise values into a table using the star rating to
define the primary ACOP break points and bins (as per the ESS scheme).
 In accord with directions received from DSD, assumed levels of performance
should be set at the average of the bin (somewhat optimistic) rather than the
lowest possible value within the bin (conservative)
2.2.5
REVIEW OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS UNDERPINNING CREDIT
ESTIMATES
The following table details the current key assumptions used in estimating the
available credits for this pre-existing activity. The basis for these assumptions was
detailed in the report Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA
REES Scheme (EES 2014). The left hand column details the parameter under
consideration, the centre column details the current setting applied in the REES
scheme and the right hand column provides comment on the current settings (with
reference to settings used in other jurisdictions as applicable). Where no change is
proposed to the current assumption the comment column includes the words
Remains valid. Where a change is considered to be warranted to the current
settings the comment column includes the words Recommended Change.
Table 5: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (room space conditioners)
Parameter
Energy Service Levels
Value
Comment
Space Heating and Cooling
service levels including
heating and cooling
availability, time of use,
zoning constraint and
thermostat settings
Building shell performance
State
Weighted
Average
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
State
Weighted
Average
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
State
Weighted
Average
BCA 4&5 and
BCA 6
AccuRate TMY
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Current
assumption
=Market
average :
ACOP=3.5
AEER=3.25
Recommended Change: Need to expand
to include the proposed range of preexisting equipment types i.e.
Pre-existing AC = stock average AC
Resistance electric = COP = 1
Base Case
Assumptions
Building Stock
Climate Zones
Weather file type
Existing Equipment
Performance
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Update qualification to AEER ≥ 3.75 and
ACOP ≥ 4.0
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Parameter
Value
Lifetime and persistence assumptions
Product lifetime
10 years
Product persistence
Same as
lifetime
Adjustment Factors
Additionality discount factor
1.0
Free rider discount
0.90
Rebound discount factor
1.00
Compliance discount factor
1.00
Total Discount factor
0.90
Climatic Adjustments
Adjustments required?
2 climates
Comment
10 years matches value used in NSW
however Vic and ACT use 12 years which is
considered more realistic.
Recommended Change: increase to 12
years (will increase credits by 20%)
See above
Remains valid: Matches values used in Vic
and ACT (NSW unknown)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(see note 2)
Remains valid: Matches values used in Vic
and ACT (NSW unknown)
Remains valid: Matches values used in Vic
and ACT (NSW unknown)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(will increase credits by 11%) (see note 2)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Note 1: Modelling as originally applied in the study Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities
under the SA REES Scheme (EES 2014) is considered to remain valid.
Note 2: In assessing credits to be awarded the VEET scheme assumes a value of 1, however, in
assessing expected state-wide impacts on greenhouse gas emissions for greenhouse accounting
purposes a lesser value is applied. It is understood that DSD have a preference to harmonise with the
VEET/EEIS schemes in this respect.
2.2.6 REVIEW OF SPECIFICATION / INSTALLATION PROVISIONS
The specifications in relation to this activity are simple and straight forward requiring
no change except as per the following recommendations in relation to the integration
of provisions in relation to the replacement of pre-existing heaters.
Recommendation (Specification / Installation Provisions): Augment current
specifications to include:
 Details of how a pre-existing heater qualifies for replacement under one of the
available categories (e.g. what constitutes a fixed electric resistance heater)
 Details of required decommissioning and disposal of a qualifying pre-existing
heater.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
2.3 HC2B: New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Ducted)
2.3.1
REVIEW OF ACTIVITY DATABASE
The available data from the REES activity database dating back to 2009 for this
activity indicates that there has been no uptake of this activity since the
commencement for the program. One theory regarding the poor uptake of this activity
is that the formula based approach used to determine credits whilst highly flexible
and accurate serves as a barrier to less technically adept stakeholders. An
alternative approach using a simple tabular format for the credits or possibly a simple
register of approved products is explored in this review.
2.3.2
REVIEW OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS, HARMONISATION
Table 6 summarises the current key parameters of the REES scheme as well as the
schemes currently operating in the ACT (EEIS), NSW (ESS) and Victoria (VEET) for
this activity. In the case of the ACT scheme the text in black reflects the current
regulations and the text in red reflects changes expected to be introduced to the
current regulations starting in 2017 (these changes were out for comment at the time
of commencement of this study). Struck through black text under the ACT indicates
that the proposed new regulations would supersede this particular aspect of the
current regulations.
Reviewing the various schemes with an eye to improved harmonisation with
schemes outside SA (and improved specification generally) the following
observations/recommendations are made:
Eligibility Requirements: At present, there are effectively no pre-conditions in SA
in relation to this activity. The installation can either be as a new unit or a
replacement unit replacing any form of pre-existing heater. In the ACT the draft new
regulations provide differing credits that are tailored to the type of installation, in
particular the type of equipment being replaced. Victoria incorporates two separate
schedules; Schedule 7 relates to the replacement of a pre-existing ducted air to air
heat pump and Schedule 8 relates to the replacement of a central electric resistance
heater (serving more than 100m2).
Depending on the type of pre-existing heater (or in some cases no pre-existing
heater is assumed) a different baseline is assumed and a different Savings Factors
are applicable under the VEET and draft EEIS schemes. Pre-condition or baseline
options (based on those adopted in other jurisdictions) include:
 Replacement of a pre-existing ducted air-conditioner (VEET requires an
existing system to be present to qualify (no existing system is not eligible) but
only gives a baseline credit from market average new)
 Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater – panel type
 Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater – slab type
 Replacement of a pre-existing fixed ducted gas heater (ACT only2)
 Replacement of any other type of fixed heater or a new installation.
2
This option is only considered useful in the ACT context where it is assumed that the
greenhouse gas intensity of Electricity will decline to almost zero over the next 5 or so years.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 6: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install a New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Ducted) (REES – HC2B)
Parameters
Included in scheme?
Working Title
Activity Reference Number
EEIS
ESS
Yes
Yes
Install a high efficient air-conditioner
Install a ducted air-to-air heat
pump to replace an existing
ducted air-to-air heat pump
Install a specified high efficiency
central electric space heater
Part 2.3
VEET
REES
Yes
Yes
High efficiency ducted air to air
heat pump replacing a ducted
air to air heat pump
Install an Efficient new Reverse
Cycle Air Conditioner (Ducted);
Residential Only
D4
Schedule 7
HC2B
No existing air conditioner is fixed in
place that provides cooling and/or
heating to the conditioned space
Decommissioning a ducted air to
air heat pump and installing a
product that complies with the
criteria specified in Part A of
Schedule 7
Any residential household in
South Australia where the
installed product requirements
and minimum installation
requirements can be met. This
can include new or replacement
systems
To be Part 2.1 in the revised regs.
Required pre-condition
Limitation on replacements
Performance requirements
1. Residential premises or
eligible business premises
2. decommissioning an existing
ducted air-to-air heat pump and
installing an equivalent higher
efficiency air to air heat pump
-fixed electric resistance central
space heater (various types)
that is hard wired and services
2
more than 100m or
- a ducted, flued gas heater or
flued gas wall furnace, excluding
portable or unflued gas heaters
or
- no pre-existing heater
be undertaken together with the
activity in Part 2.5 i.e. duct
replacement
Nil
Minimum annual coefficient of
performance (ACOP) of 3.7
Minimum rated output heating
capacity of 10 kW at H1
condition
Nil
The unit must be assigned a
minimum star rating for cooling and
heating (3.0 - 10 stars depending on
type) (EES note: ducted units do not
generally carry a star rating so this
requirement cannot normally be met)
1. Minimum annual coefficient of
performance (ACOP) of 3.7
2. Minimum rated output heating
capacity of 10 kW at H1
condition
3. Is listed on the ESC register.
The ducted reverse cycle air
conditioner must achieve a rated
heating ACOP and a rated
cooling AEER of ≥3.5 at rated
capacity under AS/NZS3823.2
(2013)
May be a ducted, non-ducted or
a multi-split system that is
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Parameters
Deemed savings
EEIS
capable of heating an area that
is comparable to the system
being replaced – different credits
apply according to the type
installed.
ACOP = 3.7-3.9
10-18 kW 0.63 t CO2-e/unit
18.1-28kW 0.8 t CO2-e/unit
>28kW 1.0 t CO2-e/unit
ACOP = 4 - 4.29
10-18 kW 1.66 t CO2-e/unit
18.1-28kW 2.1 t CO2-e/unit
>28kW 2.63 t CO2-e/unit
ACOP = 4.3 - 4.59
10-18 kW 2.45 t CO2-e/unit
18.1-28kW 3.11 t CO2-e/unit
>28kW 3.90 t CO2-e/unit
ACOP = 4.6 +
10-18 kW 3.09 t CO2-e/unit
18.1-28kW 3.92 t CO2-e/unit
>28kW 4.91 t CO2-e/unit
ESS
VEET
Electricity Savings = Cooling
Capacity × Cooling Energy Savings
Factor + Heating Capacity × Heating
Energy Savings Factor
Equals Abatement Factor x Regional
Factor (Unit = t CO2-e/unit installed)
Abatement factor varies by:
Capacity of unit:

10 – 18kW

18.1 – 28kW

>28 kW
Zone 6 =
Performance of unit

ACOP = 3.7 – 3.99

ACOP = 4.0 – 4.29

ACOP = 4.3 – 4.59

ACOP = 4.6 or more
Where:
MH = Registered Heating ACOP
MC = Registered Cooling AEER
Heating and cooling Savings Factors
vary by performance of replacement
unit type (3 – 10 stars) and climate
zone
Credits for both heating and cooling
provided (cooling only about 20 30% in BCA climate zones 5&6)
REES
140.6 – 450.6/MH – 19.6MC (GJ)
All other locations =
91.6 – 197.8/MH – 104.0MC (GJ)
Regional Factor (Location/Climate)

Metro = 1

Other – varies 0.75 – 1.06
Performance of replacement unit:
Formula based on ACOP and
capacity and assumed baseline
efficiency for 4 cases:

Pre-existing resistance
electric panel type

Pre-existing resistance
floor slab type

Pre-existing gas ducted

Any other type including
no pre-existing
Additional small credit for units that
meet H2
Regional Variations?
Nil
4 sets of BCA climate zones
Warranty Requirements
Nil
5 Years
Mild, Cold and Hot climates +
Metro
Nil
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2 climate zones - see above
Nil
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Parameters
Referenced Standards
Other requirements
EEIS
AS 3823
Should be AS/NZS 3823.2 2013 is latest edition
Be completed and certified in
accordance with the relevant
code or codes of practice and
other relevant legislation
applying to the activity, including
any licensing, registration,
statutory approval, activity
certification, health, safety,
environmental or waste disposal
requirements
installed by a person who is
familiar with the “Air
Conditioning Residential Best
Practice Guideline
has scheduled substances in the
heat pump or refrigeration unit
destroyed
ESS
AS/NZS 3823.2:2011.
VEET
AS/NZS 3823.1.2:2012
The activity must be performed
or supervised by a licensed
electrician.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
REES
AS/NZS3823.2 (2013)
AS 60335.2.40 (installation
standard)
Multi-split systems or water
source heat pumps are not
eligible.
32
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Unlike for room type (non-ducted) reverse cycle air-conditioners (HC2A), the scope
of works for this project did not include a specific requirement to expand this activity
(HC2B) to also target replacement of specific types of existing heating systems as is
the case in Victoria and soon to be the case in the ACT. Nevertheless, in the interest
of better harmonisation and better matching of awarded credit to actual saving such
an approach would appear warranted.
It is also notable in the ACTs proposed revisions to their regulations that the option of
installing multi-split systems in lieu of ducted systems is also permitted. Because
these systems suffer no duct losses the savings associated with these types of
reverse cycle air-conditioners typically exceed those for ducted systems.
We would generally recommend against a specific activity that targets existing
ducted air conditioners and replaces them with a new high efficiency ducted air
conditioner. The only savings over and above the current REES activity definition
would arise only if the existing air conditioner was to operate for several more years
after the replacement and this is difficult to establish with any certainty (i.e. the
assumption would have to be that REES encourages early retirement). Central
systems represent a large investment and any incentive from REES is unlikely to
encourage early retirement of an existing system to any significant extent (in contrast
to room air conditioners). Replacement of existing ducted air conditioners is
adequately covered by the existing provisions.
Recommendation (Eligibility Requirements): Expand the scope of this activity to
also target replacement of specific types of pre-existing central heater systems such
as:
 Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater – panel type
 Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater – slab type
 Replacement of any other type of central heater or a new installation (i.e. the
existing REES provision – this would cover replacement of an existing ducted
AC system) – this is effectively the existing REES specification.
Installed Product Requirements: Generally REES provisions align well with other
jurisdictions except that most other jurisdictions set a minimum performance standard
of ACOP = 3.7 (3.75 or 3 star minimum in NSW) rather than 3.5 under the REES
scheme, noting that this applies to both heating and cooling, so the REES
specification is very similar in practical terms.
Recommendation (Installed Product Requirements):
Review the minimum performance requirement setting of 3.5 and unless
otherwise indicated adopt a minimum ACOP requirement of 3.7 in line with other
jurisdictions. Retain the current AEER requirement of 3.5.
Expand the scope of installed product to permit non-ducted / multi-split reverse
cycle air-conditioners that can provide an equivalent energy service to a ducted
system. Typically non ducted systems would offer a minimum of 15% greater
savings compared to ducted systems of the same ACOP rating. Where a multisplit system is replacing a pre-existing ducted system that is to be
decommissioned, the outlets of that decommissioned system must be effectively
sealed at ceiling level.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Deemed Savings (Format): The current format used in the REES scheme is a
formula based approach based on an average sized stock standard dwelling in South
Australia, which is very accurate in terms of accounting for the performance rating of
the unit (ACOP) but does not account for different capacity units (assumes an
average size of approximately 11 kW). The other jurisdictions use tables of credits
based on various ranges of capacity and performance3. The “table” approach is
understood to be favoured by a significant proportion of the third party contractors.
DSD have also indicated a preference for the inclusion of table based deemed
savings factors. These could be included as an addition to the formula or as a
replacement, although retaining both could prove confusing.
Tables could either be based on:
 the installed units energy performance (Heating and Cooling) as applicable to
an average sized dwelling (i.e. the current approach used in SA)
 the installed units energy performance (Heating and Cooling) used as a
multiplier to the units rated capacity (i.e. as per the NSW approach)
 both the ACOP (star rating) and a set of predefined capacity ranges (as per
the VIC and current ACT approach) (note that most ducted systems do not
carry a star rating, but ACOP levels could be set to be equivalent to 0.5 star
break points for comparability).
As noted in the 2014 study (EES 2014), the current approach discourages the
upsizing of air-conditioner units by having a flat credit rate unaffected by the unit’s
capacity. This is a very simple system for third party contractors and unless there is
an indication otherwise, the current basis remains appropriate.
Recommendation (Deemed Savings Format):
 Include tables of deemed savings factors based on the current calculation
method (i.e. a single factor based on an average sized SA dwelling) as a
replacement for the current formula based method.
 A separate table for each of the two climate zones would need to be provided.
 Each table would need to be in the form of a matrix with a range of heating
performances (ACOPs) along the vertical axis and a range of cooling
performances (AEERs) along the horizontal axis.
 Separate sets of tables would also need to be provided for each different
base case (pre-existing equipment type) to be included.
 Where a pre-existing equipment type has no cooling mode (e.g. a resistance
electric heater) the cooling energy associated with the replacement airconditioner will need to be treated as a negative credit (i.e. additional energy
usage compared to the base case).
Regional Variations: All jurisdictions (except the ACT) apply some form of regional
factor to the awarded credits based on the range of climate conditions encountered
across the various states. The current approach in the REES scheme using BCA
climate zones as the basis for adjusting credits is therefore recommended for
retention.
Potential additional regional factors relating to transmission losses in the electricity
grid are covered separately in Section 4.
3
Note: The ACT in its draft legislation update for 2017 propose adoption of a formula
approach that accounts for both the unit’s capacity and its performance level.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Recommendation (Regional Variations): Refer Section 4 of this report for
recommendations.
2.3.3 REVIEW OF BASELINE ASSUMPTIONS
For this type of activity, the savings are assessed as a function of the energy
consumption of the new efficient appliance selected compared to the pre-existing
appliance, or where no pre-existing appliance is identified, the average appliance that
would have been installed in the absence of REES (business as usual – market
average).
The current baseline assumptions relating to the “no pre-existing” appliance case (i.e.
the case currently covered by REES) are as follows:
 ACOP = 3.35
 AEER = 3.2
The issues regarding baseline assumptions for the existing activity and proposed
new activities are similar to those set out for HC2A (non-ducted air conditioners).
Proposed options, baselines are assumed to be as follows:
 Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater – panel type
(COP = 1.0)
 Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater – slab type
(COP = 0.8 – this assumes 20% losses to ground as per the VEET and EEIS
schemes)
 Replacement of a central gas ducted system – baseline would be average
new efficiency for gas ducted (nominally 3 stars)
 Replacement of a pre-existing ducted reverse cycle air-conditioner or
replacement of any other heating type or installation of a new system – the
baseline assumption is based on the average new and the REES credit is
based on the difference between the installed system and the average new.
Resistance central heating systems use significant amount of energy and REES
could offer significant incentives to convert these systems to high efficiency central
heat pump. Some documentation on the existing system would need to be collected
by the service provider in order to obtain the credits.
As examined in HC2A, some overall savings may be gained if gas ducted systems
were converted to high efficiency central heat pump. However, previous analysis in
the 2014 REES Review showed that there were negligible numbers of gas ducted
systems installed in South Australia, so this activity could be ruled out for REES on
the basis that it is unlikely to generate any activity with service providers due to the
low number of systems in the stock.
We strongly recommend that all other cases be covered by the existing REES activity
of installing a new high efficiency central heat pump. An existing system does not
need to be present. This is equivalent to the ACT EEIS approach. In Victoria they
only provide credits for the replacement of a central heat pump system – they do not
cover new systems (where there is no existing installation). It is important to note that
the credit provided by VEET is based on a baseline of an average new product (i.e.
the assumption is that the system was going to be replaced in any case and the
credit provided is from new average market to high efficiency). So while VEET
require a new system to be present, they do not estimate the efficiency of the old
system or include this in the deemed savings. Additional savings would be achieved
if a central non-ducted system was installed, through reduced duct losses.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
While REES appears to have a weaker qualification threshold when compared to the
other states, this covers both AEER (cooling) and ACOP (heating). AEER is not
specified in other states. This effectively means that, on average, the ACOP for most
products will be 3.65 or more, so the difference between the states is smaller than
would first appear. Given that there is significant cooling load in South Australia and
that cooling contributes to peak load, it is recommended that the minimum AEER
requirement be retained. In order to make the SA requirements appear more aligned
with other states, separate requirements for AEER and ACOP should be specified in
the updated REES specification.
Table 7: Summary of qualification and baselines for HC2B
Scheme version
Original REES
EES review 2014 recommend
REES 2014 actual
Average new 2014-2016
VEET (revised)
EEIS (2017)
EES review 2016 recommend
AEER and ACOP
Qualify
ACOP
N/A
3.5a
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.5/3.7e
Baseline
ACOP
N/A
3.35
3.35
3.30/3.67b
3.6/3.5/3.4c
3.6d
3.4/3.6e
Notes:
a/ REES qualification applies to AEER and ACOP.
b/ Average new AEER and ACOP is based on 335 ducted registrations in 2014, 2015 and
2016 (to mid Dec 2016) in the range 10kW to 30kW. Multi-split systems registered over the
same period in the same size range averaged an ACOP of 3.98 (based on 43 registrations)
and an average AEER of 3.49.
c/ VEET have three baselines depending on the product size: 10-18 kW, 18-28kW and
>28kW.
d/ EEIS discount the ACOP of 3.6 for cold climate performance degradation, which will
generally not apply in South Australia.
e/ Separately specify requirements for AEER and ACOP respectively (currently both have to
meet the lower AEER limit)
Draft Recommendation (Baseline Assumptions):
 Update assumed lifetime to 13 years to align with VEET and EEIS
 Update baseline of average new market in 2017 based on latest data – ACOP
= 3.6 and AEER of 3.4
 Update qualification requirements to be AEER ≥ 3.5 and ACOP ≥ 3.7
 Add new baselines where specified existing equipment is replaced:
o Existing resistance electric – average ACOP of 1 over lifetime with
adjustments made for duct losses or slab losses as applicable.
2.3.4 REVIEW OF ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE ASSUMPTIONS
At present, performance assumptions primarily relate to the units AEER and ACOP
rating. This remains the basis upon which these units are rated under
AS/NZS3823.2:2013 and also the basis upon which all other jurisdictions estimate
expected energy savings.
The current REES formula based approach allows for any level of performance to be
assumed. In the VEET and current EEIS schemes a range of ACOP values are
assumed from 3.7 to > 4.6. In the ESS scheme the range extends up to 10 stars
(ACOP = 7.25) noting that the current highest performing product on the market is
4.5 stars (ACOP = 4.5).
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
DSD’s desire is to adopt simplified tabular formats rather than formula based
methods as a means for defining the available savings credits. Performance options
based on ACOP bins are therefore proposed, but these can be split into nominal star
rating bins (noting that most ducted and central systems are not registered with a star
rating so in most cases this is not relevant for ducted systems). Ducted systems can
carry a star rating, but only if they are tested in a calorimeter (rather than the
enthalpy method that is normally used).
Recommendation (Activity Performance Assumptions) :
 Continue to define performance in terms of a products efficiency rating, but
use ACOP/AEER values in a tabular format that align with nominal star rating
bins.
2.3.5
REVIEW OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS UNDERPINNING CREDIT
ESTIMATES
The following table details the current key assumptions used in estimating the
available credits for this pre-existing activity. The basis for these assumptions was
detailed in the report Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA
REES Scheme (EES 2014). The left hand column details the parameter under
consideration, the centre column details the current setting applied in the REES
scheme and the right hand column provides comment on the current settings (with
reference to settings used in other jurisdictions as applicable). Where no change is
proposed to the current assumption the comment column includes the words
Remains valid. Where a change is considered to be warranted to the current
settings the comment column includes the words Recommended Change.
Table 8: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (central space conditioners)
Parameter
Energy Service Levels
Value
Comment
Space Heating and Cooling
service levels including
heating and cooling
availability, time of use,
zoning constraint and
thermostat settings
Building shell performance
State
Weighted
Average
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
State
Weighted
Average
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
State
Weighted
Average
BCA 4&5 and
BCA 6
AccuRate TMY
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Current
assumption
=Market
average :
ACOP=3.35
AEER=3.2
Recommended Change: Need to expand
to include the proposed range of preexisting equipment types i.e.
Resistance electric - panel COP = 1
Resistance electric – slab/ducted COP =
0.8
Base Case
Assumptions
Building Stock
Climate Zones
Weather file type
Existing Equipment
Performance
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
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Parameter
Value
Comment
Any other or New = market average AC
Update qualification to AEER = 3.5 and
ACOP = 3.7
Update baselines to AEER = 3.4 and ACOP
= 3.6
Lifetime and persistence assumptions
Product lifetime
10 years
Product persistence
Same as
lifetime
Adjustment Factors
Additionality discount factor
1.0
Free rider discount
0.90
Rebound discount factor
1.00
Compliance discount factor
1.00
Total Discount factor
0.90
Climatic Adjustments
Adjustments required?
2 climates
10 years matches value used in NSW
however Vic and ACT use 13 years which
is considered more realistic.
Recommended Change: increase to 13
years (will increase credits by 30%)
See above
Remains valid: Matches values used in Vic
and ACT (NSW unknown)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(see note 2)
Remains valid: Matches values used in Vic
and ACT (NSW unknown)
Remains valid: Matches values used in Vic
and ACT (NSW unknown)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(will increase credits by 11%) (see note 2)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Note 1: Modelling as originally applied in the study Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities
under the SA REES Scheme (EES 2014) is considered to remain valid.
Note 2: In assessing credits to be awarded the VEET scheme assumes a value of 1, however, in
assessing expected state-wide impacts on greenhouse gas emissions for greenhouse accounting
purposes a lesser value is applied. It is understood that DSD have a preference to harmonise with the
VEET/EEIS schemes in this respect.
2.3.6 REVIEW OF SPECIFICATION / INSTALLATION PROVISIONS
The specifications in relation to this activity are simple and straight forward requiring
no change except as per the following recommendations in relation to the integration
of provisions in relation to the replacement of pre-existing heaters.
Recommendation (Specification / Installation Provisions): Augment current
specifications to include:


Details of how a pre-existing heater qualifies for replacement under one of the
available categories (e.g. what constitutes a fixed electric resistance heater
Details of required decommissioning and disposal of a qualifying pre-existing
heater. Including a requirement that wherever possible the replacement
system should use the same circuit breakers in the switchboard as had been
used by the replaced system. Where this is not possible the replaced system
must be disconnected at the switchboard by an electrician such that it cannot
be re-activated by the householder.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
2.4 L1: Install CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp
2.4.1
REVIEW OF ACTIVITY DATABASE
The available data from the REES activity database dating back to 2009 for this
activity indicates that there has been significant uptake of this activity since the
commencement for the program – see Table 9. Nevertheless, since the second year
of operation (2010) the uptake of this activity has been steadily declining and is
currently about one-third of the level in 2015 compared to 2010.
Table 9: CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp Replacement Activity
Year
Number of Activities
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
36168
68,332
54,323
39,254
31,969
22,092
17,130
2.4.2
Number of individual
activity items
244,332
492,276
412,484
329,587
242,532
234,467
158,329
REVIEW OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS, HARMONISATION
The following table (Table 10) summarises the current key parameters of the REES
scheme as well as the schemes currently operating in the ACT (EEIS), NSW (ESS)
and Victoria (VEET). In the case of the ACT scheme the text in Black reflects the
current regulations and the text in red reflects changes expected to be introduced to
the current regulations starting in 2017 (these changes were out for comment at the
time of commencement of this study). Struck through black text under the ACT
indicates that the proposed new regulations would supersede this particular aspect of
the current regulations.
Reviewing the various schemes with an eye to improved harmonisation with
schemes outside SA (and improved specification generally) the following
observations/recommendations are made:
Activity Eligibility Requirements: At present, the pre-conditions under the REES
scheme include:
 Replaced equipment must be mains voltage
 All replaced equipment must be in working order
 Replaced equipment must be within certain rated power ranges (40 – 150W
incandescent or 28 – 105W halogen)
Other jurisdictions have similar requirements with the following notable
additions/differences:
 NSW specifies that the replaced equipment must be an Edison screw (ES) or
bayonet mount
 ACT and VIC set a minimum rated power of replaced equipment at 25W
(Tungsten incandescent) or 18W (Tungsten Halogen) i.e. lower than
permitted under REES. NSW has no effective lower limit.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 10: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp (REES – L1)
Parameters
Included in scheme?
EEIS
Yes
Working Title
Residential Lighting Activities
Activity Reference Number
71a) / Part 4.1-1a)
Part 4.1
Tungsten incandescent ≥ 25W
Halogen ≥ 18W
Must replace a lamp in working
order
Required pre-condition
ESS
VEET
Yes
REES
Yes
Yes
Replace and Edison screw or
bayonet lamp with an LED lamp for
general lighting purposes
E11
Low Energy GLS
CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp
Schedule 21A
L1
240V ES or Bayonet Lamp
Incandescent, Halogen or CFL
Must be in working order
Must be a lamp only replacement
Tungsten incandescent ≥ 25W
Halogen ≥ 18W
Tungsten incandescent or halogen
Must be in working order
Limitation on replacements
Nil
Nil
Nil
20
Performance requirements
Equivalent light output.
Meets AS/NZS 4847 (or
administrator can determine).
Minimum efficacy (various).
Compatibility with existing
circuitry.
≥ 8000hr life.
≥ 15,000 hr life (directional)
Warm white (2700K to 3500K) or
cool white (3500K to 4000K).
0.040 - 0.093 t
= AAV x N x PF
N = number of replacements
PF = Power Factor multiplier (if
<0.9 = 1.0 otherwise = 1.05)
Must meet product requirements
and minimum performance
specifications for Lamp Life,
electro-magnetic compatibility
(where applicable), lumen efficacy,
power factor, LCP, and any other
requirements as Published by the
Scheme Administrator.
See note 1
Equivalent light output.
Meets AS/NZS 4847.2 (or
administrator can determine).
Minimum efficacy (various)
Compatibility with existing
circuitry.
≥ 8000hr life (non-directional)
≥ 12,000 hr life (directional)
Warm white (2700K to 3500K) or
cool white (3500K to 4000K).
= AF x N x PF x RF
N = number of replacements
PF = Power Factor multiplier (if
<0.9 = 1.0 otherwise = 1.05)
RF = Regional Factor
CCT ≤ 3000K
Min light output (table)
CFL: life ≥ 10,000 hours, MEPS
registered
LED: ESS or Energy Star approved
HE LED must be ≥ 80 lm/W
Compatibility with existing circuitry
AF derived from lookup table.
Separate Lookup tables for nondirectional (0.2 – 0.75 tCO2-e ) and
directional lamps (0.4 – 0.88 tCO2e)
Separate factors for:

CFL

Standard LED

HE LED
Deemed savings
AAV derived from lookup table.
Separate Lookup tables for nondirectional (0.028 – 0.081 tCO2-e )
and directional lamps (0.049 –
0.095 tCO2-e)
Formula based:
LCP x (Lumen Efficacy of new
6
lamp/34.7 – 1) x 840x 10/10
LCP = Lamp circuit power
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
Separate Lookup tables for nondirectional (0.38 - 1.73 GJ ) and
directional lamps (0.89 – 4.48 GJ)
Lamp ranges from 40W – 150W
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Parameters
EEIS
ESS
Non Directional

Lifetime options from
8000 – 25000 hours

Efficacy options – 4 levels
available with variation
according to lumen
output
Directional

Lifetime options from
12000 – 25000 hours

Efficacy options from Min
45 – 78 lumens/W
VEET
REES
Non Directional

Lifetime options from
8000 – 25000 hours

Efficacy options – 4 levels
available with variation
according to lumen
output
Directional

Lifetime options from
12000 – 25000 hours

Efficacy options from Min
45 – 78 lumens/W
Regional Variations?
No
No
Warranty Requirements
Nil
Referenced Standards
AS/NZS 4847
No
?
Yes
Metro areas = 0.98
Regional Areas = 1.04
Nil
Relevant AS/NZS standards
AS/NZS 4847
AS/NZS 4847
Other requirements
2 years
Installer required to target high
usage lamps in the first instance
Note 1: see: http://www.ess.nsw.gov.au/Projects_and_equipment/Lighting_Technologies/HEER_Lighting_Requirements
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME

None of the other jurisdictions place an upper limit on the power (or lumen
output) of the replaced equipment.
Setting limitations on the upper limit of replaced lamp power (or replaced lamp lumen
output) does not appear to serve any purpose and is at variance with all other
jurisdictions and should be removed. The NSW requirement that the base be either
ES or bayonet types may be relevant in the NSW regulatory context but would be an
unnecessary restriction under the REES scheme and is therefore not recommended.
If a table based format is to be retained for credits (as is understood to be the
preference of DSD) then a specified lower limit of replaced lamp power is necessary
to ensure that a minimum level of energy saving is achieved, however, in the
interests of harmonisation this should be aligned with VIC and ACT i.e. 25W
(Tungsten incandescent) or 18W (Tungsten Halogen).
Recommendation (Activity Eligibility Requirements): Amend the current preconditions as follows:
 Remove the upper limit to the replaced equipment power
 Re-set the lower limit for the rated power of replaced equipment to 25W
(Tungsten incandescent) or 18W (Tungsten Halogen) to align with VIC and
ACT.
 Define the terms “directional” and “non-directional” (according to ESCOSA
this had led to some confusion in the past) – see following section for
proposed definitions
Installed Product Requirements: REES provisions align reasonably well with other
jurisdictions, however there are some notable differences as follows:



VIC and ACT require that the replacement lamp have an equivalent light
output to that of the replaced lamp, this is not a current requirement under
REES.
VIC and ACT expressly permit a wider range of colour temperatures to be
used; Warm white (2700K to 3500K) or cool white (3500K to 4000K). REES
only permits colour temperatures ≤ 3000K unless “otherwise authorised by
the occupant of the premises”.
NSW only permit the use of LED’s as replacement lamps
Given the superior performance of LEDs compared to CFLs and the rapidly
decreasing cost of LEDs it now makes sense to limit this activity to LEDs only. In
particular, this change should lead to reduced consumer dissatisfaction with the
installed product.
In the interest of improved harmonisation and specification improvement more
generally both the requirement that the replacement lamp have an equivalent light
output to that of the replaced lamp and the wider range of colour temperature options
offered in the other jurisdictions should be adopted. Home owners should however
be given the option of choosing either warm white or cool white lamps. Traditionally
the warm white colour has been preferred but some segments of the community now
prefer cool white.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Recommendation (Installed Product Requirements): Amend the requirements as
follows:
 Include a requirement that the replacement lamp have an equivalent light
output to that of the replaced lamp
 Align the colour temperature requirements with those of VIC and ACT i.e.
permit either warm white (2700K to 3500K) or cool white (3500K to 4000K).
However, it is recommended that the installer be required to install either
warm white or cool white according to the preference of the home owner,
where no preference is provided then warm white shall be installed.
 Limit the installed product type to LED only.
 Include a definition of “directional” and “non-directional” in relation to lamps as
follows:
o Directional lamps include types PAR, ER, R, RE, XR, YR, ZR or MR
11-16 or any other type that has at least 80 % light output within a
cone with an angle of 120°
o Non-directional lamps include lamps other than directional lamps.
Deemed Savings (Format): The current format used in the REES scheme is a
relatively simple table based approach. Apart from NSW all other jurisdictions use a
table based approach. In line with the recommendations above, the tables will need
to have the CFL options removed.
Non-directional Lamps
Apart from CFLs (which are to be removed as an option) REES currently offers a
range of performance levels (based on the lamp power) for standard efficiency LED
lamp replacements plus a second high efficiency option for LEDs (> 80lm/W)
applicable across all lamp power ranges.
Consideration might be given to better aligning the REES tables with the VEET and
EEIS schemes. In the case of non-directional lamps, VEET (and the proposed EEIS
scheme update) offers differing credits across a range of 4 sets of performance
levels. The 4 minimum performance thresholds used in the VEET/EEIS scheme
(categories a, b, c and d) are described in Table 11.
Table 11: Minimum lamp Efficacy threshold requirement by VEET Efficiency Category
(Lumens/W)
VEET Efficiency
Category
21 A (a)
21 A (b)
21 A (c)
21 A (d)
<350
Lumens
40
48
58
69
Lumen Output Range of Lamp
350 to < 650 650 to < 850
Lumens
Lumens
45
54
65
78
52
62
75
90
> 850
Lumens
55
66
79
95
Unlike REES, the VEET/EEIS scheme does not differentiate credits on the basis of a
single lamps lumen output or lamp power. Instead, a single saving credit per
efficiency category is based on replacing a weighted “basket” of 16 incandescent
lamps – the estimated average number of lamps being replaced per household
(based on old technology tungsten-filament lamps) equates to: 100 W (2), 75 Watts
(6), 60 Watts (5), 40 Watts (2) and 25 Watts (1).
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
The VEET/EEIS arrangement of varying performance minimum standards according
to the lamps lumen output is to a large extent based around replacements using CFL
lamps (originally the scheme was conceived with these types of lamps in mind).
However, unlike CFL lamps LED lamps do not exhibit increasing efficiency with
increasing lumen output and as such the complex arrangements for savings options
used in VEET/EEIS (see Table 11) are unwarranted in the proposed REES context
The additional complexity of the VEET/EEIS schemes in terms of having four
efficacy graduations are difficult to justify as the differences in credit available from
one efficiency level to the next tend to be relatively insignificant. A simple standard
efficacy and a high efficacy level applied to a defined set of pre-existing lamp power
ranges (as currently used in the REES scheme) would appear to be a more practical
approach to take.
Directional Lamps
Apart from CFLs (which are to be removed as an option) REES currently offers a
range of performance levels (based on the lamp power) for standard efficiency LED
lamp replacements plus a second high efficiency option for LEDs (> 80lm/W)
applicable across all lamp power ranges.
In the case of directional lamps, VEET (and the proposed EEIS scheme update)
offers differing credits across a range of 4 sets of performance levels as follows:
(noting that unlike non-directional lamps, there is no differentiation of efficiency level
based on the lumen output of the lamp);
 > 45 lumens/W
 > 54 lumens/W
 > 65 lumens/W
 > 78 lumens/W
The additional complexity of the VEET/EEIS schemes in terms of having four
efficacy graduations are difficult to justify as the differences in credit available from
one efficiency level to the next tend to be relatively insignificant. A simple standard
efficacy and a high efficacy level applied to a defined set of pre-existing lamp power
ranges (as currently used in the REES scheme) would appear to be a more practical
approach to take.
Lamp Life
The current REES tables for both non-directional and directional lamps do not offer
differing credits according to the life of the lamp, a fixed 10,000 hour lamp life is
assumed. The ESS scheme uses a similar fixed lamp life value for estimating credits.
In the VEET and EEIS schemes a range of different lamp life options are available
ranging from < 10,000 hours to 25,000 hours or more. The longer life lamps yielding
significantly increased credits.
The approach used in the VEET and EEIS scheme however fits better with the
provision of the REES Ministerial Protocol which recommends that an activity should
ideally provide “greater rewards for products that deliver higher levels of performance
and energy efficiency”.
The main issue with allowing for products that claim extended periods for lamp life is
that whilst some LEDs are claimed to last more than 25,000 hours there a degree of
uncertainty in relation to the actual life of many of the lamps on the market. Whilst the
10,000 hours currently used in REES could be considered conservative, allowing for
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
lifespans of up to 25,000 hours (more than 30 years for an average lamp) is likely to
be overly optimistic (noting that major house renovations tend to occur on a shorter
time scale than 30 years).
Recommendation (Deemed Savings Format): The general recommendation is to
retain the current format of two tables (non-directional and directional) but with the
following modifications:
 Delete the CFL option (Column E)
 Efficiency options - If the goal of harmonisation is paramount then adopt the
approach as taken in both Victoria and the ACT. However, if simplicity and
practicality is valued more than harmonisation then maintain the current two
tiered efficiency arrangement (with revised values)1.
 Lamp life options: Allow for higher credits for lamps with longer lives by
retaining the current 10,000 hour minimum standard but add an option for
≥15,000 hours for any lamp with a claimed life that equals or exceeds 15,000
hours. This will provide a significant boost to credits for those lamps that meet
the higher lifetime standard.
Note: DSD confirmed at the workshop that the current two tiered efficiency arrangement was to be
retained.
Regional Variations: No jurisdictions, except VIC apply any form of regional factor
to the awarded credits. In Victoria the regional factors are based on differences in
transmission losses between metropolitan (0.98) and regional areas (1.04).
It is understood that DSD wish to align with the VEET scheme in this respect and
adopt a set of SA relevant factors relating to transmission losses in the electricity
grid. This aspect is covered separately in Section 4.
Recommendation (Regional Variations): Refer Section 4 of this report for
recommendations.
Other Matters – Credit for high power factor
Power factor savings are mostly limited to reduced currents in the customer
premises and the distribution system and a slightly reduced peak kVA
requirement. Energy savings are likely to be very modest, but there may be some
merit in rewarding well designed products through additional credits.
In the case of lighting products, jurisdictions such as Victoria and the ACT apply
an additional credit multiplier for products with a good power factor (> 0.9). From
a network perspective, effective electricity savings flowing from a product with a
good power factor will be greater than those for products with a poor power
factor. In Victoria, under the VEET scheme and in the ACT under the EEIS
scheme an additional credit of 5% is awarded in cases where the lighting product
has a power factor of 0.9 or better. Energy savings of 5% are probably an
overestimate.
There is however a great deal of uncertainty in relation to likely benefits to be
derived from improved power factors in electronic equipment such as LED lamps.
Through the use of in built capacitors, LED lamps avoid any lagging power factor
issues that are present in the case of inductive loads such as those generated by
electric motors. However, LED lamps often have non-sinusoidal harmonic
waveforms (distortion power factor) which may adversely affect a power supply
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
system in some cases. The actual system wide impacts of harmonic currents
generated by LEDs are difficult to ascertain and therefore there is significant
uncertainty in attributing a benefit to lamps with high power factors. Having said
that, high power factor electronics tend to be associated with higher
manufacturing quality control standards, which may lead to other benefits, such
as reduced lamp failure rates.
Recommendation (Power Factor): Following discussions with DSD it was agreed
to recommend as follows:
 Ignore the effects of power factor due to the uncertainty relating to the actual
impacts on the power system of LED lamps with poorer power factors
2.4.3 REVIEW OF BASELINE ASSUMPTIONS
For this type of activity, the savings are assessed as a function of the energy
consumption of the new efficient appliance selected compared to the average
appliance that would have been installed in the absence of REES (business as usual
– market average). The current baseline assumptions are as follows:
Incumbent lamp (the lamp being replaced by the LED):
 Non-directional: a halogen lamp with 2000 hour life (1000 hours left to run
before failure).
 Directional: an incandescent lamp with 2000 hour life (1000 hours left to run
before failure).
At the end of its life, the incumbent lamp would have been replaced with (based on
current market share):
 Non-directional: 50% CFL and 50% halogen.
 Directional: 10% CFL and 90% incandescent (note that directional CFL
efficacy is around half that of non-directional CFL due to reflector inefficiency
coupled with large light source).
The main change in relation to the above assumptions relates to what the incumbent
lamp would have been replaced with (based on current market share). In the case of
directional lamps there has been a significant change in the market over the past few
years and the best estimate now is that replacements would consist of; 40% LED,
40% incandescent and 20% CFL. This change in baseline assumption will act to
reduce the expected credits from this activity.
Recommendation (Baseline Assumptions):
Incumbent lamp (the lamp being replaced by the LED):
 Non-directional: a halogen lamp with 2000 hour life (1000 hours left to run
before failure).
 Directional: an incandescent lamp with 2000 hour life (1000 hours left to run
before failure).
At the end of its life, the incumbent lamp would have been replaced with (based on
current market share):
 Non-directional: 50% CFL/LED and 50% halogen.
 Directional: 40% LED, 40% Incandescent and 20% CFL.
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2.4.4 REVIEW OF ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE ASSUMPTIONS
At present, performance assumptions primarily relate to the units efficacy. This is
also the basis upon which all other jurisdictions estimate expected energy savings,
although as noted above VIC and ACT also take into account the product claimed
lifetime.
The current REES assumptions in relation to the performance of replacement lamps
is as follows (see Table 12 and Table 13).
Table 12: Current REES Assumptions – Replacement Non-directional Lamps
Power (W)
40 (28)
60 (42)
75 (53)
100 (70)
150 (105)
Standard LED
Efficacy (lm/W)
43.2
50.7
54.0
57.5
62.7
HE LED
Efficacy (lm/W)
80
80
80
80
80
Table 13: Current REES Assumptions – Replacement Directional Lamps
Power (W)
40
50
60
75
100
120
150
Standard LED
Efficacy (lm/W
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
HE LED
Efficacy (lm/W)
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
The market is moving very quickly in relation to the efficacy of LED lamps and the
current assumptions in relation to “Standard” efficacy and “High” efficacy are now
considered out of date. Perhaps the best guide to current efficacy levels are the 4E
“Solid State Lighting Annexes: Product Quality and Performance Tiers’ published in
November 2016. These annexes set three levels or ‘tiers” of performance as follows:
 Tier 1: Minimum acceptable performance level
 Tier 2: Performance Required by Established Quality Programs (e.g. REES)
 Tier 3: Current Highest Commercially Available Performance
Table 14: IEA - 4E efficacy tiers (November 2016)
Tier
1
2
3
Non directional
lamps
65
90
125
Directional
lamps
65
85
100
Tier 1 might be considered a baseline level for replacement LED lamps, Tier 2 would
constitute a “standard” level of efficacy for use in the REES program and tier 3 would
constitute the high efficacy level.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Recommendation (Activity Performance Assumptions):
 For the “Standard” efficacy performance target adopt the IEA-4E tier 2
recommendations
 For the “High” efficacy performance target adopt the IEA-4E tier 3
recommendations
2.4.5
REVIEW OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS UNDERPINNING CREDIT
ESTIMATES
The following table details the current key assumptions used in estimating the
available credits for this pre-existing activity. The basis for these assumptions was
detailed in the report Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA
REES Scheme (EES 2014). The left hand column details the parameter under
consideration, the centre column details the current setting applied in the REES
scheme and the right hand column provides comment on the current settings (with
reference to settings used in other jurisdictions as applicable). Where no change is
proposed to the current assumption the comment column includes the words
Remains valid. Where a change is considered to be warranted to the current
settings the comment column includes the words Recommended Change
Table 15: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (General Purpose Lamps)
Parameter
Assumption
Comment
Remains valid
Efficacy and
Based on rated lamp values (direct
savings
savings – replacement)
Recommended Change:
Total energy
10,000 hours
savings lifetime
Allow for lamps with
extended lifespans to obtain
increased credits
Assumed usage
N/A - energy savings horizon is assumed Remains valid
to be lamp life, to a maximum of 10,000
hours.
Remains valid
Free riders
N/A - taken into account within baseline
assumptions
Remains valid – note:
Compliance
Assume 10% will remove CFL due to
only LEDs are being
/Persistence
dissatisfaction (0.90). Note that this
does not relate to product failure leading considered in this update
to a warranty claim, it relates to personal
dissatisfaction with CFLs.
None will remove LED (1.00).
Recommended Change:
Lifetime
10,000 hours
Allow for lamps with
extended lifespans to obtain
increased credits
2.4.6 REVIEW OF SPECIFICATION / INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
The specifications in relation to this activity are simple and straight forward requiring
no change apart from changes as noted above
Recommendation (Specification / Installation Provisions):
 No change
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
2.5 L2A and 2B: Install LED Downlight
2.5.1
REVIEW OF ACTIVITY DATABASE
The available data from the REES activity database dating back to 2009 for this
activity indicates that there has been uptake of this activity only since 2015– see
Table 16. This suggests that there is still significant scope for the uptake of this
activity.
Table 16: Install an LED Downlight Activity
Year
Number of Activities
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,637
2.5.2
Number of individual
activity items
0
0
0
0
0
0
140,961
REVIEW OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS, HARMONISATION
The following table (Table 17) summarises the current key parameters of the REES
scheme as well as the schemes currently operating in the ACT (EEIS), NSW (ESS)
and Victoria (VEET). In the case of the ACT scheme the text in Black reflects the
current regulations and the text in red reflects changes expected to be introduced to
the current regulations starting in 2017 (these changes were out for comment at the
time of commencement of this study). Struck through black text under the ACT
indicates that the proposed new regulations would supersede this particular aspect of
the current regulations.
Reviewing the various schemes with an eye to improved harmonisation with
schemes outside SA (and improved specification generally) the following
observations/recommendations are made:
Activity Eligibility Requirements: At present, the pre-conditions under the REES
scheme include for the replacement of either:
 35-50W ELV Halogen Lamp
 35-50W ELV Halogen Lamp and Transformer
Other jurisdictions have similar requirements except that NSW includes a more
diverse range of pre-existing types as follows:
 ELV or IRC lamp with electronic driver
 ELV or IRC lamp with magnetic driver
 Luminaire with ELV or IRC lamp with electronic driver
 Luminaire with ELV or IRC lamp with magnetic driver
 Tungsten Halogen Lamp (240V)
 Tungsten Halogen Lamp (240V) + Luminaire
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 17: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install LED Downlight (REES – 2A & 2B)
Parameters
Included in scheme?
EEIS
ESS
Yes
VEET
Yes
REES
Yes
Yes
Working Title
Mains voltage low energy
downlight
mains voltage low energy
downlight fitting in place of existing
12 volt halogen downlight fitting
Replace Halogen Downlight With
An LED Luminaire and/or Lamp
Incandescent Lighting
Installation of a mains voltage low
energy downlight
fitting in place of an existing 12 volt
halogen downlight
fitting that uses a 12 volt halogen
lamp of at least 35 watts
Install LED Down-light Lamp or LED
Down-light Luminaire
Activity Reference Number
Required pre-condition
71d) / Part 4.1-1d)
Replace 12V halogen downlight
E1
Halogen 240V or 12V multifaceted
reflector lamp
35W or 50W
Must be in working order
Categories of pre-existing:

ELV or IRC lamp with
electronic driver

ELV or IRC lamp with
magnetic driver

Luminaire with ELV or IRC
lamp with electronic
driver

Luminaire with ELV or IRC
lamp with magnetic
driver

Tungsten Halogen Lamp
(240V)

Tungsten Halogen Lamp
(240V) + Luminaire
Schedule 21D
Replace 12V halogen downlight of
at least 35W
L2
Replace 12V halogen downlight
All equipment that is replaced must
be in working order
Categories of pre-existing:

Replace 35-50W ELV
Halogen Lamp

Replace 35-50W ELV
Halogen Lamp and
Transformer
Limitation on replacements
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Parameters
Performance requirements
EEIS
Meets AS/NZS 4847 (or
administrator can determine).
Minimum efficacy 48 lm/W
Minimum light output 400 lm.
Compatibility with existing
circuitry.
≥ 15000hr life.
Warm white (2700K to 3500K) or
cool white (3500K to 4000K).
Beam angle ≥ 40 degrees.
ESS
LED Lamp only – ELV, LED Lamp
and Driver, LED Luminairerecessed, or an LED Lamp Only –
240V Self Ballasted,
Life ≥ 10,000 hours
Light Output ≥ 462lm
Beam angle consistent with original
lamp
VEET
Meets AS/NZS 4847 (or
administrator can determine).
Minimum efficacy 48 lm/W
Minimum light output 400 lm.
Compatibility with existing
circuitry.
≥ 15000hr life.
Warm white (2700K to 3500K) or
cool white (3500K to 4000K).
Beam angle ≥ 40 degrees.
REES
CCT ≤ 3000K
Min light output 500 lm
ESS or Energy Star approved
Must be compatible with any preexisting dimmer
Note: No min lifetime specified
Must be compatible with the
existing Electronic Transformer.
Must be compatible with any preexisting dimmer
Deemed savings
0.076 - 0.141 t
= AAV x N x PF
N = number of replacements
PF = Power Factor multiplier (if
<0.9 = 1.0 otherwise = 1.05)


Must be certified by approved
scheme or supply test reports
0.28 - 0.68 MWh
New lamp circuit power ranges:
≤ 15W
≤ 10W
≤ 5W
= AAV x N x PF x RF
N = number of replacements
PF = Power Factor multiplier (if
<0.9 = 1.0 otherwise = 1.05)
RF = Regional Factor

Lifetime options from
15,000 – 25000 hours
Efficacy options – 4 levels
available 48, 58, 69, 82
and 100 lumens/W

Regional Variations?
No
Nil
Warranty Requirements
Nil
2 years
Lifetime options from
15,000 – 25000 hours
Efficacy options – 4 levels
available 48, 58, 69, 82
and 100 lumens/W
Yes
Metro areas = 0.98
Regional Areas = 1.04
Nil
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017

0.83 – 1.1 GJ lamp plus
cover space conditioning
savings where used
Replacement options
11 - 15W
≤ 10W
No
2 years
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Parameters
Referenced Standards
Other requirements
EEIS
AS/NZS 4847 or as otherwise
determined by the administrator
ESS
IEC 62560, AS/NZS 4847, AS/NZS
60598.
VEET
AS/NZS 4847
Recognise VEET certification.
Any pre-existing magnetic
transformers must be replaced
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
REES
AS/NZS 4847
REES also allows thermal covers to
attain additional abatement
52
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Effectively the first 4 options under the ESS scheme are covered by the options
available under REES (noting that the ESS provides slightly different credits
depending upon the type of driver whereas none of the other schemes include such a
distinction). The last 2 options under the ESS scheme include for the replacement of
MV Halogen lamps. This option is not available under REES or any of the other
schemes except the ESS in NSW
Recommendation (Activity Eligibility Requirements):
 No change
Installed Product Requirements: REES provisions align reasonably well with other
jurisdictions, however there are some notable differences as follows:





Minimum Efficacy Requirement: REES specifies a minimum lumen output
of 500 lumens and a maximum power of 15W i.e. effectively an efficacy of
500/15 = 33 lumens/W. VEET and EEIS specify a minimum efficacy of 48
lumens/W. ESS specifies a minimum lumen output of 462 lumens and a
maximum power of 15W i.e. effectively an efficacy of 462/15 = 31 lumens/W.
Minimum Light Output: REES specifies a minimum of 500 lumens, VEET
and EEIS specify a minimum of 400 lumens and ESS a minimum of 462
lumens.
Minimum Lifetime Requirement: REES does not specify a minimum lifetime
requirement (although a warranty of 2 years is required and Energy Star
requires LED lumen maintenance (life) of at least 15000 hours). VEET and
EEIS mandate a minimum lifetime of 15,000 hours whereas ESS mandates a
minimum of 10,000 hours. Shifting to a minimum of 15,000 hours will increase
the credits available for this activity.
Minimum Beam Angle Requirement: REES does specify a minimum beam
angle requirement. VEET and EEIS both specify a minimum beam angle of
40 degrees whereas ESS requires that the beam angle be consistent with the
original lamp.
Minimum colour Rendering Requirement: REES only permits colour
temperatures ≤ 3000K. VEET and EEIS permit a wider range of colour
temperatures to be used; Warm white (2700K to 3500K) or cool white (3500K
to 4000K). ESS has no apparent colour temperature requirement in their
regulations.
In the interest of improved harmonisation and specification improvement more
generally the installed product requirements specified in both the VEET and the EEIS
schemes are recommended for inclusion in the REES scheme. However, home
owners should be given the option of choosing either warm white or cool white
lamps.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Recommendation (Installed Product Requirements): Amend/Augment the
requirements as follows:
 Minimum efficacy requirement = 85 lumens/W (see discussion on this value
later in this section).
 Minimum light output requirement = 400 lumens
 The replacement unit must have an equivalent light output to that of the
replaced unit
 Minimum lifetime requirement: set a minimum of at least 10,000 hours (see
discussion on this value later in this section).
 Minimum beam angle requirement = 40 degrees (Note: The term “Beam
Angle” needs to be a defined term as follows: “the angle between the
opposing points on the beam axis where the intensity drops to 50% of its
maximum”)
 Colour rendering requirement = either warm white (2700K to 3500K) or cool
white (3500K to 4000K). However, it is recommended that the installer be
required to install either warm white or cool white according to the preference
of the home owner, where no preference is provided then warm white shall be
installed.
Deemed Savings (Format): The current format used in the REES scheme is a
relatively simple table based approach. All other jurisdictions use a table format,
however there are some notable differences in the way the tables are structured:
 VEET and EEIS include different credits based on the rated lifetime of the
lamp, 15–20,000, 20–25,000 or more than 25,000 hours. Both REES and
ESS assume a fixed lifetime (i.e. a simpler table structure).
 VEET and EEIS allow different efficiency options in terms of the efficacy of
the lamp (48, 58, 69, 82 and 100 lumens/W), whereas REES and ESS allow
different efficiency options in terms of the maximum lamp power; ≤ 15W or ≤
10W in REES and ≤ 15W or ≤ 10W and ≤ 5W in ESS.
If the goal of harmonisation is paramount then it would make sense to adopt the
approach as taken in both Victoria and the ACT. However, the additional complexity
of the VEET/EEIS schemes in terms of efficacy graduations are difficult to justify as
the differences in credit available from one efficiency level to the next tend to be
relatively insignificant. A simple standard efficacy level and a high efficacy level
appears to be the more practical approach to take.
The differences in credits relating to varying lifetimes assumed in the VEET/EEIS
schemes are more significant. The approach used in the VEET and EEIS scheme
does however fit better with the provision of the REES Ministerial Protocol which
recommends that an activity should ideally provide “greater rewards for products that
deliver higher levels of performance and energy efficiency”.
The main issue with allowing for products that claim extended periods for lamp life is
that whilst some LEDs are claimed to last more than 25,000 hours there a degree of
uncertainty in relation to the actual life of many of the lamps on the market. Whilst the
10,000 hours currently used in REES could be considered conservative, allowing for
lifespans of up to 25,000 hours (more than 30 years for an average lamp) is likely to
be overly optimistic (noting that major house renovations tend to occur on a shorter
time scale than 30 years).
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Recommendation (Deemed Savings Format):
 Efficiency options - Maintain the current two tiered efficiency arrangement
(noting that the efficiency levels will need revision and should be expressed in
terms of lumens/W).
 Lamp life options: Allow for higher credits for lamps with longer lives by
retaining the current 10,000 hour minimum standard but adding an option for
≥15,000 hours for any lamp with a claimed life that equals or exceeds 15,000
hours. This will provide a significant boost to credits for those lamps that meet
the higher lifetime standard.
Regional Variations: No jurisdictions, except VIC apply any form of regional factor
to the awarded credits. In Victoria the regional factors are based on differences in
transmission losses between metropolitan (0.98) and regional areas (1.04).
It is understood that DSD wish to align with the VEET scheme in this respect and
adopt a set of SA relevant factors relating to transmission losses in the electricity
grid. This aspect is covered separately in Section 4.
Recommendation (Regional Variations): Refer Section 4 of this report for
recommendations.
Other Matters – Credit for high power factor
Power factor savings are mostly limited to reduced currents in the distribution
system and a slightly reduced peak kVA requirement. Energy savings are likely
to be very modest, but there may be some merit in rewarding well designed
products through additional credits.
In the case of lighting products, jurisdictions such as Victoria and the ACT apply
an additional credit multiplier for products with a good power factor (> 0.9). From
a network perspective, effective electricity savings flowing from a product with a
good power factor will be greater than those for products with a poor power
factor. In Victoria, under the VEET scheme and in the ACT under the EEIS
scheme an additional credit of 5% is awarded in cases where the lighting product
has a power factor of 0.9 or better.
There is however a great deal of uncertainty in relation to likely benefits to be
derived from improved power factors in electronic equipment such as LED lamps.
Through the use of in built capacitors, LED lamps avoid any lagging power factor
issues that present in the case of inductive loads such as those generated by
electric motors. LED lamps do however produce harmonic currents (distortion
power factor) which can adversely affect a power supply system. The actual
system wide impacts of harmonic currents generated by LEDs is difficult to
ascertain and therefore, there is significant uncertainty in attributing a benefit to
lamps with high power factors. Having said that, high PF electronics tend to be
associated with higher manufacturing quality control standards which could lead
to other benefits such as educed lamp failure rates.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Recommendation (Power Factor): Following discussions with DSD it was agreed to
recommend as follows:
 Ignore the effects of power factor due to the uncertainty relating to the actual
impacts on the power system of LED lamps with poorer power factors; or
2.5.3 REVIEW OF BASELINE ASSUMPTIONS
For this type of activity, the savings are assessed as a function of the energy
consumption of the new efficient appliance selected compared to the average
appliance that would have been installed in the absence of REES (business as usual
– market average). The current baseline assumptions are as follows:
Parameter
Baseline lamps
Efficacy and savings
Total energy savings
lifetime
Assumed usage
Free riders
Compliance/Persistence
Lifetime
Assumption
35W
Based on rated lamp values (direct savings – replacement).
Average electronic/magnetic transformer efficiency of 0.865
(assumed 50% magnetic and 50% electronic with efficiency of 0.8
and 0.93 respectively)
10,000 hours
N/A - energy savings horizon is assumed to be lamp life, to a
maximum of 10,000 hours.
N/A - taken account of in baseline assumptions
Assume none will remove LED (1.00)
10,000 hours
The most significant change to these assumptions will be that relating to the baseline
lamp power rating assumption. Whilst the incumbent lamp is likely to be a 35W lamp
there is now a significant probability that the owner would have replaced that
incumbent lamp with a drop-in LED equivalent lamp which now constitute about 80%
of downlight lamp sales. This means that expected savings will need to be heavily
discounted for the “free rider” effect. The proposal in relation to the replacement for
the incumbent lamp is as follows:
 70% standard LED
 30% Quartz Halogen4
Also, as noted earlier in this section the assumed lifetime of the replacement lamp
may be increased (recommended option of 15,000 hours).
Recommendation (Baseline Assumptions):
 Amend the baseline assumption relating to the lamp that would have replaced
the incumbent lamp to reflect the now significant market share of LED drop-in
replacement lamps.
 Amend the lifetime assumption for the replacement lamp (see earlier
discussion on this aspect in this section of the report).
4
Note: There is at present a proposal to introduce a MEPS requirement in relation to this
product category. Effectively the proposed MEPS level would eliminate Quartz Halogen lamps
and as such the assumed replacement for an incumbent lamp would need to be 100%
standard LED. The earliest that such a MEPS could come into force would be sometime in
2018 and even then it would probably be at least a further year before grandfathered QH
lamps had entirely gone off the market. This means that the above assumptions should be
valid at least until sometime in 2019, possibly later.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
2.5.4 REVIEW OF ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE ASSUMPTIONS
At present, performance assumptions primarily relate to the units power
consumption. This is also the basis upon which the ESS scheme is based. VEET and
EEIS use lamp efficacy as the basis for performance and also take into account the
product claimed lifetime
The current REES assumptions in relation to the performance of replacement lamps
are as follows.


11 - 15W
10W or less
The market is moving very quickly in relation to the efficacy of LED lamps and the
current assumptions in relation to “Standard” efficacy and “High” efficacy are now
considered out of date. Perhaps the best guide to current efficacy levels are the 4E
“Solid State Lighting Annexes: Product Quality and Performance Tiers’ published in
November 2016. In these annexes set three levels or ‘tiers” of performance as
follows:
 Tier 1: Minimum acceptable performance level
 Tier 2: Performance Required by Established Quality Programs
 Tier 3: Current Highest Commercially Available Performance
Table 18: IEA - 4E efficacy tiers (November 2016)
Tier
1
2
3
Downlights
65
85
100
Tier 1 might be considered a baseline level for replacement LED lamps, Tier 2 would
constitute a “standard” level of efficacy for use in the REES program and tier 3 would
constitute the high efficacy level.
Recommendation (Activity Performance Assumptions):
 For the “Standard” efficacy performance target adopt the IEA-4E tier 2
recommendations.
 For the “High” efficacy performance target adopt the IEA-4E tier 3
recommendations.
2.5.5
REVIEW OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS UNDERPINNING CREDIT
ESTIMATES
The following table details the current key assumptions used in estimating the
available credits for this pre-existing activity. The basis for these assumptions was
detailed in the report Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA
REES Scheme (EES 2014). The left hand column details the parameter under
consideration, the centre column details the current setting applied in the REES
scheme and the right hand column provides comment on the current settings (with
reference to settings used in other jurisdictions as applicable). Where no change is
proposed to the current assumption the comment column includes the words
Remains valid. Where a change is considered to be warranted to the current
settings the comment column includes the words Recommended Change
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 19: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (space conditioners)
Parameter
Assumption
Comment
Recommended Change:
Baseline lamps
35W
Amend - See discussion
earlier in this section on
likely replacements for
incumbent lamps – this
will reduce credits for this
activity
Remains valid
Efficacy and savings
Based on rated lamp values (direct
savings – replacement).
Average electronic/magnetic
transformer efficiency of 0.865
(assumed 50% magnetic and 50%
electronic with efficiency of 0.8 and
0.93 respectively)
Recommended Change:
Total energy savings
10,000 hours
lifetime
Allow for lamps with
extended lifespans to
obtain increased credits
Remains valid
Assumed usage
N/A - energy savings horizon is
assumed to be lamp life
Remains valid
Free riders
N/A - taken account of in baseline
assumptions
Compliance/Persistence Assume none will remove LED (1.00) Remains valid
Recommended Change:
Lifetime
10,000 hours
Allow for lamps with
extended lifespans to
obtain increased credits
2.5.6 REVIEW OF SPECIFICATION / INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
The specifications in relation to this activity are simple and straight forward requiring
no change apart from changes as noted above.
Recommendation (Specification / Installation Provisions):
 No change
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
58
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
2.6 APP1A: Purchase high efficiency new refrigerator/ freezer
2.6.1
REVIEW OF ACTIVITY DATABASE
The available data from the REES activity database dating back to 2009 for this
activity indicates that there has been no uptake of this activity since the
commencement for the program. One theory regarding the poor uptake of this activity
is that the formula based approach used to determine credits whilst highly flexible
and accurate serves as a barrier to less technically adept stakeholders. An
alternative approach using a simple tabular format for the credits or possibly a simple
register of approved products is explored in this review.
2.6.2
REVIEW OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS, HARMONISATION
The following table (Table 20) summarises the current key parameters of the REES
scheme as well as the schemes currently operating in the ACT (EEIS), NSW (ESS)
and Victoria (VEET). In the case of the ACT scheme the text in Black reflects the
current regulations and the text in red reflects changes expected to be introduced to
the current regulations starting in 2017 (these changes were out for comment at the
time of commencement of this study). Struck through black text under the ACT
indicates that the proposed new regulations would supersede this particular aspect of
the current regulations.
Reviewing the various schemes with an eye to improved harmonisation with
schemes outside SA (and improved specification generally) the following
observations/recommendations are made:
Eligibility Requirements: At present, there are effectively no pre-conditions in SA
in relation to this activity apart from the limitations on the type and size of the new
Refrigerator/Freezer (this aspect is covered in the following section). The installation
can either be as a new unit or a replacement unit replacing any form of pre-existing
refrigerator or refrigerator/freezer (for which additional credits are available under
activity APP2 (removal and disposal of “other refrigerator or freezer”). This eligibility
criterion aligns with the approach taken in all other jurisdictions.
In the ESS scheme there is a separate activity (C2) in relation to credits for the
removal of a primary refrigerator. The VEET scheme has a similar provision
(schedule 19) targeted at existing refrigerators manufactured pre 1996 that are in
working condition. The EEIS scheme also has a similar provision (5.1) targeted at
removal of existing refrigerators of any type provided they are in working condition. In
all these cases the activity attracts additional credit to that offered for the installation
of a new efficient refrigerator alone.
The option for awarding additional credit for the removal of refrigerator in working
order within REES is addressed in Section 3.4 of this report.
Recommendation (Eligibility Requirements):
 No change
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 20: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Purchase a high Efficiency Refrigerator or Refrigerator/Freezer (REES – APP1A)
Parameters
Included in scheme?
Working Title
Activity Reference Number
EEIS
ESS
Yes
Purchase for installation in a
premises a high efficiency:
(a) single door refrigerator; or
(b) two door refrigerator; or
(c) chest freezer; or
(d) upright freezer
(a) = Group 1
(b) = Groups 4, 5B, 5S or 5T
(c) = Group 6C
(d) = Group 6U or 7
Part 5.2
Yes
VEET
Yes
Yes
Sell a High Efficiency Refrigerating
Appliance
High efficiency refrigerators and
freezers
Purchase high efficiency new
refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer;
Residential or Commercial
B4, B5 and B6
Schedule 22A to 22D
APP1A and APP1B
Note: For this review only APP1A is
being considered. Details of APP1B
are included for information
purposes only.
Residential or business
Required pre-condition
Purchased by a resident of the ACT
for installation and use in a
residential premises or business
premises within the ACT
Residential or small business
Residential or business
Limitation on replacements
Group 1: 100-500 litres
Group 4/5T/5B/5S: 100-700 litres
Group 6C: 100-700 litres
Group 6U/7: 100-400 litres
No size restriction
Group 1: 100-500 litres
Group 4/5T/5B/5S: 100-700 litres
Group 6C: 100-700 litres
Group 6U/7: 100-400 litres
Excludes Groups 2 and 3
REES
Includes Group 2 and 3
Excludes Groups 2 and 3
Group 1: 100-500 litres
Group 4/5T/5B/5S: 100-700 litres
Group 6C: 100-700 litres (App1B)
Group 6U/7: 100-400 litres (App1B)
not cooled appliance or wine
storage
Excludes Groups 2 and 3
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Parameters
Performance requirements
EEIS
ESS
VEET
REES
Group 1: 2 stars
Group 4/5T/5B/5S: 2.7 stars
Group 6C: 3.3 stars
Group 6U/7: 2.5 stars
Group 1,2,3: 2.5stars
Group 4/5T/5B/5S: 3.0 stars
Group 6C, 6u and 7: 2.5 stars
Group 1: 2 stars
Group 4/5T/5B/5S: 2.7 stars
Group 6C: 3.3 stars
Group 6U/7: 2.5 stars
Group 1: 2 stars
Group 4/5T/5B/5S: 2.7 stars
Group 6C: 3.3 stars (App1B)
Group 6U/7: 2.5 stars (App1B)
Deemed savings
Formula based on volume, energy
and group to estimate energy
savings – mirrors star rating
equation
Group 1 base: 1.35 stars
Group 4/5T/5B/5S base: 2.39 stars
Group 6C base: 2.75 stars
Group 6U/7 base: 2.0 stars
Formula based on volume, energy
and group to estimate energy
savings – mirrors star rating
equation
Group 1 base: 1.35 stars
Group 4/5T/5B/5S base: 2.39 stars
Group 6C base: 2.75 stars
Group 6U/7 base: 2.0 stars
Formula based on volume, energy
and group to estimate energy
savings – mirrors star rating
equation
Group 1 base: 1.35 stars
Group 4/5T/5B/5S base: 2.39 stars
Group 6C base: 2.75 stars (App1B)
Group 6U/7 base: 2.0 stars (App1B)
Regional Variations?
No
Each type split into 2 – 4 size bins
as follows:
Group 1,2,3:
<300 litres
≥300 litres
Group 4/5T/5B/5S:
<300 litres
300 to > 500 litres
≥500 litres
Group 6C, 6u and 7:
<150 litres
150 to > 300 litres
300 to > 500 litres
≥500 litres
No
Yes – Regional factor
Metro areas = 0.98
Regional Areas = 1.04
No
Referenced Standards
AS 4474 (sic)
AS/NZS 4474.1, AS/NZS 4474.2
AS/NZS 4474.1-2007, AS/NZS
4474.2-2009
AS/NZS 4474.1-2007 (and 1997),
AS/NZS 4474.2-2009
AS/NZS 4474.1, AS/NZS 4474.2
Other requirements
On the register of products
Valid registration with GEMS
ESC register (registration implied)
Valid registration with GEMS
Warranty Requirements
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Installed Product Requirements: The REES scheme in SA is limited to the
following types of refrigerator as defined in AS/NZS 4474.1:
 Group 1: 100-500 litres (APP1A)
 Group 4/5T/5B/5S: 100-700 litres (APP1A)
 Group 6C: 100-700 litres (App1B)
 Group 6U/7: 100-400 litres (App1B)
Note: Freezers are covered by activity (APP1B), which does not form part of this
review.
All other jurisdictions contain similar eligibility provisions for refrigerators with the
exception of NSW. In the ESS scheme Group 2 and Group 3 refrigerators (bar
fridges) are also eligible for inclusion.
Group 2 and Group 3 refrigerators are rarely if ever used as a primary refrigerator
within a household. Group 2 and Group 3 refrigerators are however commonly used
in small business establishments and as such there could be some merit in their
inclusion in the REES scheme in relation to business premises. A requirement that
Group 2 and 3 refrigerators could only attract a credit if the installation was to be in a
business premises would however constitute an added burden in terms of
programme administration, record keeping and auditing and is therefore probably not
warranted given that neither VEET or EEIS offer credit for this category of product
type.
Recommendation (Installed Product Requirements):
No change
Deemed Savings (Format): The current format used in the REES scheme is a
formula based approach based on the star rating algorithm contained in
AS/NZS4474.2:2009. VEET and EEIS use an almost identical approach to that used
in REES except that adjusted volume calculations are undertaken differently (see
commentary below). If there is closer alignment between the states, a revised format
of the formula would make the approach more transparent – this could apply to all
labelled appliances, except air conditioners.
Savings = {(1  ERF )( SRI
base 1)
 BEC  CEC}  Usage  Lifetime  Conversion
Where:
ERF is the energy reduction factor for the star rating
SRIbase is the baseline star rating used to calculate the energy savings for the product
BEC is the base energy consumption as per the standard (1 star for the product size)
CEC is the label energy consumption as per the standard
Usage is a factor to adjust the usage from standard conditions to normal use
Lifetime is the assumed lifetime in years
Conversion is a factor that converts the energy savings in kWh to local units used in
each scheme (this could be MJ. GJ or emissions).
ESS uses a table based format5 that includes the following divisions according to the
products total gross volume:
5
It is important to note that the underlying assumptions and approach for calculating savings
in the ESS appliance tables is different and not directly compatible with the equation
approach currently used by VEET, EEIS and REES.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Group 1,2,3:
 <300 litres
 ≥300 litres
Group 4/5T/5B/5S:
 <300 litres
 300 to > 500 litres
 ≥500 litres
Group 6C, 6U and 7:
 <150 litres
 150 to > 300 litres
 300 to > 500 litres
 ≥500 litres
DSD indicated in the terms of reference for this review that their preference is to shift
to a table based approach for credits for refrigerators. Whilst the ESS schemes table
based approach as detailed above could be adopted, the granularity of the size bins
used by ESS is quite coarse leading to a reduction in accuracy. 50 litre bins are
therefore considered more appropriate.
A table of values could be generated using the existing formula as a basis, which
would be the recommended approach. If a table is used, a decision also needs to be
made whether to use average values in each bin or the minimum value in each bin.
For example, for a size range of 400 to 450 litres, should 400 or 425 be used to
calculate credits? In practice there should be no size bias within bins, so using an
average should create no systematic issue in the calculation of credits. Due to the
size range of various bins in a table approach, some products may lose some credits
if a table is used. It also means that credits earned by jurisdiction may vary for the
same product (which is only of minor concern).
The other consideration is how a refrigerator/freezers volume is accounted for in the
calculation of savings. Each jurisdiction takes a somewhat different approach to this
aspect:
 The REES scheme currently uses the products reported “adjusted volume”6.
This provides the most accurate estimate of energy consumption (in line with
the method as prescribed in AS/NZS4474.2) but requires the user to
download and search a CSV data-file from the GEMS energy-rating website
in order that they may obtain the adjusted volume claim for the particular
product.
 The ESS scheme uses the combined gross volume (as defined in
AS/NZS4474.1) of all compartments in their lookup tables (this is effectively
the advertised or nominal total volume of the refrigerator-freezer and is
therefore simpler to locate, but still requires some research). In the case of
combined refrigerator-freezers, the ESS scheme must include an assumed
adjustment factor to convert the total gross volume to a proxy “adjusted
volume” that is then used to estimate the energy savings credit. For example,
it might be assumed that on average 30% of the gross volume of a Group 5T
6
The adjusted volume of a refrigerator/freezer is a volume metric that takes into account the
operating temperature of each compartment that makes up the product. The adjusted volume
weights more heavily compartments that operate at temperatures lower than a fresh food
compartment and less heavily compartments that operate at temperatures higher than a fresh
food compartment. For example, whilst fresh food compartments are weighted by a factor of
1, freezer compartments are weighted by a factor of 1.6 and cellar compartments by a factor
of 0.7. There are other compartment types as well which are not covered by VEET.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME

refrigerator-freezer is allocated to freezer compartment and 70% to fresh food
compartment giving an adjustment factor of 1.18 (i.e. 0.3×1.6 + 0.7×1). This
approach may give somewhat inaccurate results for a particular refrigeratorfreezer but provided the factor used is representative of the current market,
the state-wide credits awarded should still closely match actual savings
realised by the scheme. The other issue is that the share of freezer volume
varies by Group (mainly an issue for 5T, 5B and 5S) and the specific volume
share of a particular refrigerator may not be average.
The VEET and EEIS schemes use the gross volume of both the fresh food
compartment and the freezer compartment (as applicable) to then calculate
the adjusted volume of the product. This approach however, makes no
allowance for compartment types other than fresh food or freezer
compartments. For example; some refrigerator-freezers include
compartments such as cellar compartments for storage of vegetables and
chiller compartments for storage of meats and fish. These compartments are
neither classified as fresh food compartments or freezer compartments and
are presumably not accounted for in the VEET or EEIS schemes.
Recommendation (Deemed Savings Format):
 Include tables of deemed savings factors based on 50 litre bins and 0.5 star
bins as requested by DSD. In relation to volume bins, the average value in
each bin should be used for calculating credits.
 For Refrigerator-Freezers, in relation to estimates for the adjusted volume it
was agreed in consultation with both DSD and ESCOSA that:
o The products gross volume be multiplied by an adjustment factor
applied as a means for approximating the product adjusted volume
(less accurate at an individual product level but potentially simpler to
use and more user friendly). At a minimum separate tables based on
adjusted volume estimates would be required for refrigerator only
products (Group 1) and refrigerator freezers (Groups 4/5T/5B and 5S)
i.e. a minimum of two tables. If warranted Groups 4/5T/5B and 5S may
also need to be split into up to 4 separate tables, although it is
understood that ESCOSA have a preference for the minimum number
of tables possible.
 If a table approach is used, then it is recommended that:
o for consistency DSD also plan to update activity APP1B (freezers) in a
similar fashion (noting that APP1B was outside the scope of this
study)
o documentation needs to be retained by REES to explain how the table
values are calculated (the underlying formula and assumptions to
populate the table needs to be documented so it can be updated from
time to time).
Regional Variations:
No jurisdictions, except Victoria, apply any form of regional factor to the awarded
credits. In Victoria the regional factors are based on differences in transmission
losses between metropolitan (0.98) and regional areas (1.04).
It is understood that DSD wish to align with the VEET scheme in this respect and
adopt a set of SA relevant factors relating to transmission losses in the electricity
grid. This aspect is covered separately in Section 4.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Recommendation (Regional Variations): Refer Section 4 of this report for
recommendations.
2.6.3 REVIEW OF BASELINE ASSUMPTIONS
For this type of activity, the savings are assessed as a function of the energy
consumption of the new efficient appliance selected compared to the average
appliance that would have been installed in the absence of REES (business as usual
– market average). The current baseline assumptions for this activity are as follows:


Group 1 base: 1.35 stars (average 2014 = 1.8) (APP1A)
Group 4/5T/5B/5S base: 2.39 stars (average 2014 around 2.45) (APP1A).
These baselines were derived by VEET some years ago. The same baselines are
used in EEIS and REES. The latest data from Whitegoods Efficiency Trends in 2014
(included above for each Group) suggests that some of these baselines will need
updating in due course. This is currently not urgent. However, this will be important if
proposals for new MEPS levels are progressed within the next few years.
The current approach, baselines and qualifications should continue to be used in the
interests of interstate alignment for the time being. Given that appliance
characteristics are nationally fairly uniform, future requirements should be updated on
a consensus basis in conjunction with all states, as far as possible.
Recommendation (Baseline Assumptions):
No changes
2.6.4 REVIEW OF ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE ASSUMPTIONS
At present, performance assumptions primarily relate to the units GEMS Star Rating,
which is primarily based on the unit’s comparative energy consumption and its
adjusted volume. This is also the basis upon which all other jurisdictions estimate
expected energy savings. Note that the Part 2 standard also mandates several
performance requirements such as the pull down test and operation temperature test,
which are critical and are mandated for all registered products – this does not need to
be reviewed.
The current REES formula based approach allows for any level of performance to be
assumed (provided it exceeds the minimum threshold). Both the VEET and the EEIS
schemes use the same principle. Only the ESS scheme uses set star rating bins to
define the activity performance options. The ESS bins match the star rating options in
AS/NZS 4474.2:2009 i.e. half star increments up to 6 stars followed by full star
increments from 6 stars to 10 stars. If SA is to follow a table based approach it
makes sense to adopt the same star bins as used in the ESS scheme.
Star rating bins are defined in terms of the lowest value in each bin (e.g. products
which lie in the SRI range 4.00 to 4.49 are defined as being in the “4 star bin”). One
option would be to assume all products within that bin just meet the minimum
standard (i.e. 4.00 stars). This would be a conservative estimate of actual benefits as
some products would exceed 4.00 stars. Alternatively, it could be assumed that all
products within a bin met the average for that bin (e.g. 4 star bin = 4.25 stars). This
approach is likely to be somewhat optimistic in terms of the actual benefits, as there
is evidence that there is a preponderance of lower star ratings in each 0.5 star rating
bin, so using say 4.25 to calculate values in the star rating bin 4.0 to 4.49 will provide
is slight advantage for more products on average. This is illustrated in Figure 3.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Using an average star rating for each bin would provide a small additional credit to
many products.
Figure 3: Distribution of refrigerator registration in Australia by 0.1 stars
Australian Refrigerator and Freezer Registrations - 2012 to 2015 (2010 star rating equation)
180
160
Number of Models Registered
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0
Fractional Star Rating
Source: Michel, A., et al., Household refrigerators: Monitoring efficiency changes in Europe
and Australia over the last 10 years, in EEDAL 2015: Switzerland.
Recommendation (Activity Performance Assumptions) :
 Using a table based approach set the activity performance options to match
the star rating options in AS/NZS 4474.2:2009 i.e. half star increments up to 6
stars followed by full star increments from 6 stars to 10 stars.
 Assumed levels of performance could be set at the lowest possible value
within the bin (conservative) or at the average of the bin (less conservative),
DSD have indicated a preference for the use of average values.
2.6.5
REVIEW OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS UNDERPINNING CREDIT
ESTIMATES
The following table details the current key assumptions used in estimating the
available credits for this pre-existing activity. The basis for these assumptions was
detailed in the report Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA
REES Scheme (EES 2014). The left hand column details the parameter under
consideration, the centre column details the current setting applied in the REES
scheme and the right hand column provides comment on the current settings (with
reference to settings used in other jurisdictions as applicable). Where no change is
proposed to the current assumption the comment column includes the words
Remains valid. Where a change is considered to be warranted to the current
settings the comment column includes the words Recommended Change.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 21: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (Refrigerators)
Parameter
Energy Service Levels
Value
Comment
Climate factors
As per EES
(2008)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Base Case Assumptions
Ownership
Various
REES Activity Assumptions
*
Ownership
Performance
Lifetime and persistence
Product lifetime
Product persistence
Adjustment Factors
Additionality discount factor
As per
standards
* As per base case (sales stream not used in
setting of specifications)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
15 years
refrigerators
21 years
freezers
Same as life
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
ESS scheme assumes 12 years but this is
extremely conservative.
1.0
Not applicable as additional impact is
specifically quantified in methodology
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(see note 2)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(will increase credits by 11%) (see note 2)
Free rider discount
0.90
Rebound discount factor
Compliance discount factor
Total Discount factor
1.0
1.0
0.90
Climatic Adjustments
Adjustments required?
As per ABS4602
Climate
factors
required for
South
Australia
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Note 1: Modelling as originally applied in the study Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities
under the SA REES Scheme (EES 2014) is considered to remain valid.
Note 2: In assessing credits to be awarded the VEET scheme assumes a value of 1, however, in
assessing expected state-wide impacts on greenhouse gas emissions for greenhouse accounting
purposes a lesser value is applied. It is understood that DSD have a preference to harmonise with the
VEET/EEIS schemes in this respect.
2.6.6 REVIEW OF SPECIFICATION / INSTALLATION PROVISIONS
The specifications in relation to this activity are simple and straight forward requiring
no change.
Recommendation (Specification / Installation Provisions): Augment current
specifications to include:
 A note making it clear that where this activity can be combined with the
disposal of a working refrigerator additional credit is available for the disposal
activity (APP2).
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
2.7 APP1D: Purchase a high efficiency new clothes dryer
2.7.1
REVIEW OF ACTIVITY DATABASE
The available data from the REES activity database dating back to 2009 for this
activity indicates that there has been no uptake of this activity since the
commencement for the program. One theory regarding the poor uptake of this activity
is that the formula based approach used to determine credits whilst highly flexible
and accurate serves as a barrier to less technically adept stakeholders. An
alternative approach using a simple tabular format for the credits is explored in this
review.
2.7.2
REVIEW OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS, HARMONISATION
Table 22 summarises the current key parameters of the REES scheme as well as the
schemes currently operating in the ACT (EEIS), NSW (ESS) and Victoria (VEET). In
the case of the ACT scheme the text in Black reflects the current regulations and the
text in red reflects changes expected to be introduced to the current regulations
starting in 2017 (these changes were out for comment at the time of commencement
of this study). Struck through black text under the ACT indicates that the proposed
new regulations would supersede this particular aspect of the current regulations.
Reviewing the various schemes with an eye to improved harmonisation with
schemes outside SA (and improved specification generally) the following
observations/recommendations are made:
Eligibility Requirements: Eligibility requirements in the REES scheme are minimal,
requiring only that the unit be for residential or business application. Similar
requirements apply in other jurisdictions.
Recommendation (Eligibility Requirements):
 No change
Installed Product Requirements: At present, the installed product criteria for the
REES scheme aligns reasonably well with that of other jurisdictions. Washer-dryers
are not permitted in any scheme and both VEET and EEIS set a minimum
performance rating of 5 stars as per REES. The ESS scheme permits the use of
much lower performance dryers (down to 2 stars in some circumstances) but such
machines would provide little if any credit above the assumed baseline performance.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 22: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Purchase a high Efficiency New Clothes Dryer (REES – APP1D)
Parameters
Included in scheme?
EEIS
ESS
VEET
REES
Yes
Yes
Yes
Working Title
Purchase of high efficiency electric
clothes dryer
Sell a High Efficiency Clothes Dryer
Installation of energy efficient (low
greenhouse intensity) clothes dryer
Activity Reference Number
Part 5.3
B2
Schedule 25A (electric)
Purchase high efficiency new
clothes dryer; Residential or
Commercial
APP1D
Required pre-condition
Purchased by a resident of the ACT
for installation and use in a
residential premises or business
premises within the ACT
Not stated
Residential or business
Residential or business
Limitation on replacements
Cannot be a washer/dryer
Cannot be a washer/dryer
Cannot be a washer/dryer
Cannot be a washer/dryer
Performance requirements
SRI ≥ 5 stars
<5kg: credits from 2 stars
5-7kg: credits from 2.5 stars
>7kg: credit from 4 stars
SRI ≥ 5 stars
SRI ≥ 5 stars
Rated capacity ≥ 5 kg
Deemed savings
Formula based on capacity –
mirrors star rating equation. Saving
base is 1.6 stars (to harmonise with
VEET) but the market average in
2014 was in fact 2.1 stars
No
Based on a table split into 3 sizes
(as noted above) and savings
allocated by star rating
Formula based on capacity –
mirrors star rating equation. Saving
base is 1.6 stars.
Formula based on capacity –
mirrors star rating equation. Saving
base is 1.6 stars.
No
Yes on emission factors
No
Referenced Standards
AS/NZS 2442.1 and 2442.2
AS/NZS 2442.1:1996 and
2442.2:2000
AS/NZS 2442.1:1996 and
2442.2:2000
AS/NZS 2442.1 and 2442.2
Other requirements
On the register of products
Valid registration with GEMS
ESC register (registration implied)
Valid registration with GEMS
Regional Variations?
Warranty Requirements
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
Yes
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
The only aspect where the REES scheme varies from the others is in the setting of a
minimum load capacity requirement of 5 kg; no other scheme includes such a
limitation. At present this limitation has no practical effect as the most efficient clothes
dryers of less than 5 kg rated capacity rate at 4 stars or less (and the ones between 3
and 4 stars are mostly washer dryers in any case). The 5 star requirement is only
achieved by heat pump type dryers which start at 5 kg capacity. However, it is
possible that in the future heat pump dryers of 5 star rating or higher will be produced
in capacities less than 5 kg. The eligibility requirement in REES of 5 kg or more
seems unnecessarily restrictive, may limit innovation and does not harmonise with
other jurisdictions and therefore should be removed.
One point for consideration is that AEG have just released a heat-pump washer-dryer
that rates 6 stars on the drying function. There is no specific reason why this product
should be excluded from REES or the other schemes7. The original washer-dryer
exclusion was to eliminate these dryers as they appear to have a higher efficiency
than conventional dryers. This is achieved by a high speed spin prior to drying which
conventional dryers cannot undertake. Some washer-dryers can rate close to 5 stars.
If the washer-dryer exclusion was to be eliminated, then the minimum star rating
should be increased to 6 stars.
Recommendation (Installed Product Requirements):
 Remove the current restriction on minimum rated dryer capacity to better
harmonise with other jurisdictions and to allow for smaller high efficiency
products to be eligible.

Remove the current prohibition on washer dryers, provided they have a
minimum performance standard of 6 stars
Deemed Savings (Format): The current format used in the REES scheme is a
formula based approach based on the star rating algorithm contained in
AS/NZS2442.2.
VEET and EEIS use an almost identical approach to that used in REES. ESS on the
other hand uses a table based format8 that includes the following divisions according
to the products rated capacity:



<5kg: credits from 2 stars
5-7kg: credits from 2.5 stars
>7kg: credit from 4 stars
.
7
In fact, washer dryers are most popular in apartments and flats where there is limited space
available for separate washers and dryers. This is significant because the limited or total
absence of line drying space in apartments means that dryers are used more frequently than
in a standard detached dwelling where an external clothes line is normally available. More
frequent use equates to greater potential energy savings from the use of a high efficiency
washer dryer.
8
It is important to note that the underlying assumptions and approach for calculating savings
in the ESS appliance tables is different and not directly compatible with the equation
approach currently used by VEET, EEIS and REES
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
DSD has indicated in the terms of reference for this review that their preference is to
shift to a table based approach. Whilst the ESS schemes table based approach as
detailed above could be adopted the granularity of the size bins is quite course
leading to a reduction in accuracy. 0.5 kg bins (as used for rating purposes in the
standard) are therefore considered more appropriate.
In terms of performance divisions, the ESS scheme uses half star increments from 2
stars to 6 stars. For a tabular format in the REES scheme it is recommended that the
scale should extend from 5 stars (minimum permissible) to 10 stars (currently
available in the Australian market) in one star increments but including 5.5 stars in
line with the star rating graduations used in AS/NZS2442.2 (note that the federal
determination was released in 2016 that defined dryer ratings from 7 to 10 stars).
The table would start at 6 stars if the minimum requirements were changed.
Recommendation (Deemed Savings Format):
 Include tables of deemed savings factors based on:
o Rated capacity in 0.5 kg increments from 1 kg to 10 kg
o Star rating in one star increments from 5 stars to 10 stars, plus 5.5
stars in line with the star rating graduations used in AS/NZS2442.2
Regional Variations:
No jurisdictions, except Victoria apply any form of regional factor to the awarded
credits. In Victoria the regional factors are based on differences in transmission
losses between metropolitan (0.98) and regional areas (1.04).
It is understood that DSD wish to align with the VEET scheme in this respect and
adopt a set of SA relevant factors relating to transmission losses in the electricity
grid. This aspect is covered separately in Section 4.
Recommendation (Regional Variations): Refer Section 4 of this report for
recommendations.
2.7.3 REVIEW OF BASELINE ASSUMPTIONS
For this type of activity, the savings are assessed as a function of the energy
consumption of the new efficient appliance selected compared to the average
appliance that would have been installed in the absence of REES (business as usual
– market average).
The current baseline assumption in REES, VEET and EEIS (ESS baseline
assumption is unknown) is that a market average clothes dryer would have a
performance of 1.6 stars. In fact the current market average performance is 2.1 stars
based on the latest Whitegoods Efficiency Trends (year 2014). The low baseline
means that slightly more credits are earned than should be the case. However, this
0.5 star error in the assumed baseline (around 8% of energy in the case of dryers) is
relatively small compared to the total savings. It is more important that all the state
schemes remain aligned as far as possible.
Recommendation (Baseline Assumptions):
No changes at this stage
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2.7.4 REVIEW OF ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE ASSUMPTIONS
At present, performance assumptions relate to the units GEMS Star Rating which is
primarily based on the unit’s comparative energy consumption and its rated capacity.
This is also the basis upon which all other jurisdictions estimate expected energy
savings, except that in the ESS scheme this is couched in terms of star rating rather
than CEC value.
The current REES formula based approach allows for any level of performance to be
assumed (provided it exceeds the minimum threshold). Both the VEET and the EEIS
schemes use the same principle. Only the ESS scheme uses set star rating bins to
define the activity performance options. The ESS bins match the star rating options in
AS/NZS 2442.2 i.e. half star increments but only up to 6 stars. Note that GEMS
determinations were altered in 2016 and now allow from 7 to 10 stars for dryers.
If SA is to follow a table based approach it makes sense to use star ratings as the
metric (as in the ESS scheme) but only from the minimum 5 star rating up to the
maximum 10 star rating. Note that such a table will end up being quite large and
many bins will nominate a value but there will be no products available on the
market. An alternative approach is to maintain a register of eligible products and list
the credit for each mode, avoiding the need for service providers to undertake any
calculations.
Star rating bins (if used) could be defined in terms of the lowest value in each bin
(e.g. products which lie in the SRI range 5.00 to 5.49 are defined as being in the “5
star bin”). One option would be to assume all products within that bin just meet the
minimum standard (i.e. 5.00 stars), this would be a conservative estimate of actual
benefits as some products would exceed 5.00 stars. Alternatively, it could be
assumed that all products within a bin met the average for that bin (e.g. 5 star bin =
5.25 stars), this approach is likely to be somewhat optimistic in terms of the actual
benefits as the majority of products in any one bin are known to lie within the lowest
quartile of that bin.
Recommendation (Activity Performance Assumptions) :
 Using a table based approach set the activity performance options to match
the star rating options in AS/NZS 2442.2 i.e. half star increments from 5 to 6
stars followed by full star increments from 6 stars to 10 stars.
 Assumed levels of performance could be set at the lowest possible value
within the bin (conservative) or at the average of the bin (less conservative),
DSD have indicated a preference for the use of average values.
2.7.5
REVIEW OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS UNDERPINNING CREDIT
ESTIMATES
The following table details the current key assumptions used in estimating the
available credits for this pre-existing activity. The basis for these assumptions was
detailed in the report Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA
REES Scheme (EES 2014). The left hand column details the parameter under
consideration, the centre column details the current setting applied in the REES
scheme and the right hand column provides comment on the current settings (with
reference to settings used in other jurisdictions as applicable). Where no change is
proposed to the current assumption the comment column includes the words
Remains valid. Where a change is considered to be warranted to the current
settings the comment column includes the words Recommended Change.
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Table 23: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (Refrigerators)
Parameter
Energy Service Levels
Value
Comment
Loads per annum
60
Vic and ACT use 78 full loads (NSW
unknown). This is based on a study
undertaken by Sustainability Victoria. A
recent review of dryer data suggests actual
use is much higher (uses per year) but that
the average load is very small (SV Clothes
Dryer Retrofit Trial, 2016 – see
http://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/servicesand-advice/households/energyefficiency/toolbox/reports/technical-reports )
so the VEET assumption is probably
reasonable.
Recommended Change: increase to 78
(full loads) this will increase credits by 25%
(see note 3 below)
Base Case Assumptions
Ownership
Various
REES Activity Assumptions
*
Ownership
Performance
Lifetime and persistence
Product lifetime
As per
standards
10 years
Product persistence
Adjustment Factors
Additionality discount factor
Same as life
Free rider discount
0.90
Rebound discount factor
Compliance discount factor
Total Discount factor
1.0
1.0
0.90
Climatic Adjustments
Adjustments required?
No
1.0
As per ABS4602
* As per base case (sales stream not used in
setting of specifications)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
VIC and ACT use 12, NSW assumes 10.
Recommended Change: increase to 12
years this will increase credits by 20%
Remains valid
Not applicable as additional impact is
specifically quantified in methodology
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(see note 2)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(will increase credits by 11%) (see note 2)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Note 1: Modelling as originally applied in the study Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities
under the SA REES Scheme (EES 2014) is considered to remain valid.
Note 2: In assessing credits to be awarded the VEET scheme assumes a value of 1, however, in
assessing expected state-wide impacts on greenhouse gas emissions for greenhouse accounting
purposes a lesser value is applied. It is understood that DSD have a preference to harmonise with the
VEET/EEIS schemes in this respect.
Note 3: For dwellings without access to outside drying areas (typically smaller flats) the loads per annum
would be expected to be significantly higher. If some means for establishing that a dwelling into which a
dryer is to be installed has no outdoor drying area then additional credit could be awarded.
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2.7.6 REVIEW OF SPECIFICATION / INSTALLATION PROVISIONS
The specifications in relation to this activity are simple and straight forward requiring
no change.
Recommendation (Specification / Installation Provisions):
 No change
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2.8 APP1F: Purchase a high efficiency new television
2.8.1
REVIEW OF ACTIVITY DATABASE
The available data from the REES activity database dating back to 2009 for this
activity indicates that there has been no uptake of this activity since the
commencement for the program. One theory regarding the poor uptake of this activity
is that the formula based approach used to determine credits whilst highly flexible
and accurate serves as a barrier to less technically adept stakeholders. An
alternative approach using a simple tabular format for the credits is explored in this
review.
2.8.2
REVIEW OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS, HARMONISATION
Table 24 summarises the current key parameters of the REES scheme as well as the
schemes currently operating in the ACT (EEIS), NSW (ESS) and Victoria (VEET). In
the case of the ACT scheme the text in Black reflects the current regulations and the
text in red reflects changes expected to be introduced to the current regulations
starting in 2017 (these changes were out for comment at the time of commencement
of this study). Struck through black text under the ACT indicates that the proposed
new regulations would supersede this particular aspect of the current regulations.
Note that the new EEIS requirements for 2017 align quite closely with the REES
requirements for 2016 (the energy cap is different, but that is likely to be a typo but
will remain now).
The VEET requirements for televisions have not been changed since they were first
introduced and are now considered by VEET to be out of date (all products on the
market qualify). VEET put out consultation documents on a proposed update in June
2016 (bundled with changes for several other activities). Consultation has been
completed but the changes have not been implemented yet (but should be in early
2017). Consultation documents are available on request. The basic elements of the
VEET proposal are:


Minimum 7 stars
Energy cap (CEC) of 300 kWh/year.
EEIS elected to go with the published REES 2016 specification rather than the
unpublished VEET revised specification. The 2016 REES requirement is close to the
proposed VEET update. A view of the baseline assumptions is examined later in this
section.
Reviewing the various schemes with an eye to improved harmonisation with
schemes outside SA (and improved specification generally) the following
observations/recommendations are made:
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Table 24: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Purchase a high Efficiency Television (REES – APP1F)
Parameters
Included in scheme?
EEIS
ESS
Yes
VEET
Yes
REES
Yes
Yes
Working Title
Purchase of a high efficiency
television
Sell a High Efficiency Television
Installation of high efficiency
television
Activity Reference Number
Part 5.5
B7
Schedule 24
Purchase high efficiency new
television; Residential or
Commercial
APP1F
Required pre-condition
Purchased by a resident of the ACT
for installation and use in a
residential premises or business
premises within the ACT
Not stated
Residential or business
Residential or business
Performance requirements
SRI ≥ 5.5 stars (2009 algorithm)
Annual energy (CEC) less than 450
kWh/year
SRI ≥ 7 stars (2013 algorithm)
Annual energy (CEC) less than 270
kWh/year
Size 40cm to 80cm - credits from
SRI=5 5.5 (2013 algorithm)
Size 80cm to 120cm - credits from
SRI=5.5 (2013 algorithm)
Size >120cm - credits from SRI=6
(2013 algorithm)
SRI ≥ 5.5 stars (2009 algorithm)
Annual energy (CEC) less than 450
kWh/year
2015: SRI ≥ 6.5 stars (2013
algorithm), CEC≤270kWh/y
2016: SRI ≥ 7.0 stars (2013
algorithm), CEC≤242kWh/y
2017: SRI ≥ 7.5 stars (2013
algorithm), CEC≤216kWh/y
Deemed savings
Formula based on screen area –
mirrors star rating equation (uses
2009 algorithm).
Based on a table split into 3 sizes
(based on screen diagonal (which is
not regulated) and savings
allocated by star rating (2013
algorithm)
Formula based on screen area –
mirrors star rating equation (uses
2009 algorithm). Saving base is 4
stars (2009), market average in
2014 was around 8.2 stars (2009
algorithm)
Formula based on screen area –
mirrors star rating equation (uses
2013 algorithm). Saving base is
dynamic by year: 5.5 stars in 2015,
6.0 stars in 2016, 6.5 stars in 2017,
market average in 2014 was
around 5.2 stars (2013).
Limitation on replacements
Formula based on 2013 algorithm:
2
Up to 7221cm screen area (SA)
based on SA and CEC
2
> 7221cm SA based on CEC alone
(effectively caps credit for screens
> 130 cm diagonal dimension)
Regional Variations?
No
2
No
Yes – Regional factor
Metro areas = 0.98
Regional Areas = 1.04
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
> 7221cm SA based on CEC alone
(effectively caps credit for screens
> 130 cm diagonal dimension)
No
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Parameters
Warranty Requirements
EEIS
ESS
VEET
REES
Referenced Standards
AS 62087 (sic)
AS/NZS62087.1:2010,
AS/NZS62087.2.2:2011
AS/NZS62087.2.2:2010
AS/NZS62087.1, AS/NZS62087.2.2
Other requirements
On the register of products
Valid registration with GEMS
ESC register (registration implied)
Valid registration with GEMS
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Eligibility Requirements: At present, there are effectively no pre-conditions in SA
in relation to this activity apart from the requirement that the product be installed in
residential or business premises. The installation can either be as a new unit or a
replacement unit replacing any form of pre-existing TV. This eligibility criterion aligns
with the approach taken in all other jurisdictions.
Recommendation (Eligibility Requirements):
 No change
Installed Product Requirements: The scheme in SA currently sets minimum
performance requirements in relation to the installed product. These requirements
are in the form of minimum GEMS star ratings and maximum GEMS Comparative
Energy Consumption values that vary according to the year of installation.
All other jurisdictions include a minimum GEMS star rating requirement but these are
static values (i.e. they do not vary by year of installation). The EES scheme includes
a minor (0.5 star) variation according to the size range of the TV. The VEET scheme
and the EEIS scheme also include a maximum GEMS Comparative Energy
Consumption requirement, here again these are static values unlike the REES
schemes values that vary by year of installation.
The minimum GEMS star rating requirement ensures that the products energy
efficiency exceeds the market average and the maximum GEMS Comparative
Energy Consumption requirement effectively caps credits for screens > 130 cm
diagonal dimension (i.e. avoids providing an incentive to buy extra large screens).
Both these requirements are considered valuable and align well with the approach
taken in most other jurisdictions. The only issue is that the published REES limits
only apply until the end of 2017 and therefore new limits will need to be determined
for the period 2018 to 2020.
Recommendation (Installed Product Requirements):
 Retain the current minimum GEMS star rating requirement
 Retain the current maximum GEMS Comparative Energy Consumption
requirement
 Set new limits for the above two parameters for 2018 - 2020
Deemed Savings (Format): The current format used in the REES scheme is a
formula based approach based on the products screen area and its CEC value.
VEET and EEIS use an almost identical approach to that used in REES scheme.
ESS uses a table based format9 that includes the following divisions according to the
products total diagonal screen dimension:



>40 cm to ≤80 cm
>80 cm to ≤120 cm
>120cm
9
It is important to note that the underlying assumptions and approach for calculating savings
in the ESS appliance tables is different and not directly compatible with the equation
approach currently used by VEET, EEIS and REES.
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It should be noted that efficiency ratings are based on the screen area rather than the
screens diagonal dimension. However, as most screens have a 16:9 aspect ratio the
nominal diagonal screen dimension can generally be used as a means for
approximating screen area. The advantage of using a screens diagonal dimension is
that this value is readily available in both the retail context and on the GEMS
interactive product listing whereas a TVs registered screen area can generally only
be determined via reference to the downloadable CSV data file available from the
GEMS website.
DSD has indicated in the terms of reference for this review that their preference is to
shift to a table based approach. Whilst the ESS schemes table based approach as
detailed above could be adopted the granularity of the size bins is quiet course
leading to a reduction in accuracy. If a table based approach is to be used then it is
recommended that the following 16 size bins be adopted:
















60cm or less
> 60 cm to ≤ 70 cm
> 70 cm to ≤ 80 cm
> 80 cm to ≤ 90 cm
> 90 cm to ≤ 100 cm
> 100 cm to ≤ 110 cm
> 110 cm to ≤ 120 cm
> 120 cm to ≤ 130 cm
> 130 cm to ≤ 140 cm
> 140 cm to ≤ 150 cm
> 150 cm to ≤ 160 cm
> 160 cm to ≤ 170 cm
> 170 cm to ≤ 180 cm
> 180 cm to ≤ 190 cm
> 190 cm to ≤ 200 cm
200 cm or more
Likewise, performance categories should be divided into star rating bins (the star
rating index value is available on the GEMS interactive product listing for TVs). It is
recommended that the following 4 performance bins be adopted:




Star rating = 7 to SRI ≤ 8
Star rating = 8 to SRI ≤ 9
Star rating = 9 to SRI ≤ 10
Star rating = 10 stars
Recommendation (Deemed Savings Format):
 Include tables of deemed savings factors based on 10cm diagonal screen
measurement bins and one star rating index bins
Regional Variations:
No jurisdictions, except Victoria apply any form of regional factor to the awarded
credits. In Victoria the regional factors are based on differences in transmission
losses between metropolitan (0.98) and regional areas (1.04).
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It is understood that DSD wish to align with the VEET scheme in this respect and
adopt a set of SA relevant factors relating to transmission losses in the electricity
grid. This aspect is covered separately in Section 4.
Recommendation (Regional Variations): Refer Section 4 of this report for
recommendations.
2.8.3 REVIEW OF BASELINE ASSUMPTIONS
For this type of activity, the savings are assessed as a function of the energy
consumption of the new efficient appliance selected compared to the average
appliance that would have been installed in the absence of REES (business as usual
– market average). The current baseline assumptions are as follows:



2015: SRI ≥ 6.5 stars (2013 algorithm), CEC≤270kWh/y (baseline 5.5 stars)
2016: SRI ≥ 7.0 stars (2013 algorithm), CEC≤242kWh/y (baseline 6.0 stars)
2017: SRI ≥ 7.5 stars (2013 algorithm), CEC≤216kWh/y (baseline 6.5 stars)
The 2014 Review of REES examined the rate of change of television efficiency in
2014 and found this was still proceeding at a fast pace. Accordingly, a dynamic
baseline was proposed for REES for the years 2015 to 2017.
A recent review of the most recent registration data has found the following trends:
 LCD(LED) technology now accounts for 88% of registrations with 10% using
LCD and a few percent OLED – plasma disappeared from the market in 2014;
 Average screen sizes have continued to increase with the average in 2016 at
125cm (diagonal). It appears that LCD and OLED large screens are filling the
gap left by the discontinuation of plasma;
 The star rating index for all technologies slowed after 2014 and has effectively
been flat during 2015 and 2016.
 The number of registrations per year has been consistent at around 500
during 2014, 2015 and 2016 (noting that all products had to be re-registered
in 2013 after new MEPS were introduced and star ratings were downgraded).
These trends are illustrated in the following figures (Figure 4 to Figure 8).
While these figures are based on registrations by year (rather than sales), the large
number of registrations is thought to give a reasonable indication of general market
trends and availability of products.
The most important observation from this data is that the rate of efficiency
improvement slowed dramatically after 2014 and there was little improvement in
2015 and 2016, based on registrations. Based on data to 2014, this slowing of
efficiency could not have been forecast. The dynamic baseline proposed in the 2014
REES Review was developed on the basis that historical energy efficiency trends
were likely to continue. Clearly this has not eventuated.
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Figure 4: Share of television registrations by technology by year
100%
90%
Share of Registrations by Technology
80%
70%
60%
OLED
50%
LCD (LED)
LCD
40%
Plasma
30%
20%
10%
0%
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Year
Figure 5: Average screen size of television registrations by technology by year
180
Average size cm for registrations by year
160
140
120
100
Plasma
LCD (LED)
Average
80
LCD
OLED
60
40
20
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Year
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Figure 6: Average star rating index of television registrations by technology by year
6.0
Average SRI (2013) for registrations by year
5.0
4.0
3.0
LCD (LED)
Average
2.0
LCD
Plasma
OLED
1.0
0.0
-1.0
2009
2010
2011
2012
-2.0
2013
2014
2015
2016
Year
Figure 7: Average CEC (energy) of television registrations by technology by year
1000
900
Average CEC for registrations by year
800
700
600
LCD (LED)
Average
500
LCD
400
Plasma
OLED
300
200
100
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Year
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Figure 8: Distribution of Star Rating Index for all registrations by year
12
10
8
SRI2013
6
4
2
0
2008
-2
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Year
Given that EEIS has settled on a qualification of 7 stars and that VEET is also likely
to revise their requirements to require 7 stars, it is suggested that REES amend their
specification so that the 2016 REES requirement be maintained for the period 2017
to 2020.
The main issue with this approach is that the assumed baseline for 2016 energy
calculations is 6 stars (2013 algorithm), which is about 1 star more than the apparent
market average in 2016. Currently there are 48 models that comply with the 2016
requirements that were registered in 2015 and 2016 (out of around 1000 registrations
in total). This is perhaps a little harsh if savings are to be encouraged. The ideal
approach would be to adopt the REES 2015 requirements for the time being in terms
of baseline assumptions (assumed baseline of 5.5 stars) noting that even this is
slightly conservative in terms of calculated credits.
Draft Recommendation (Baseline Assumptions):
Revise the baseline and qualification requirements as follows:
 Baseline assumed to be 5.5 stars
 Minimum qualification threshold 7 stars (in line with other jurisdictions)
 Apply an energy cap of 242.2 kWh/year (equates to a 130cm TV rated at six
stars)
2.8.4 REVIEW OF ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE ASSUMPTIONS
At present, performance assumptions primarily relate to the unit’s comparative
energy consumption (CEC) and its screen area. This is also the basis upon which all
other jurisdictions estimate expected energy savings except that in the case of the
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ESS scheme the diagonal screen dimension is used as a proxy to calculate the
screen area and a set of star rating bins are used in place of a CEC value.
The current REES formula based approach allows for any level of performance to be
assumed (provided it exceeds the minimum threshold). Both the VEET and the EEIS
schemes use the same principle. Only the ESS scheme uses set star rating bins to
define the activity performance options.
Recommendation (Activity Performance Assumptions) :
 Using a table based approach set the activity performance options to
increments of star rating indices as defined in AS/NZS62087.2.2:2011 i.e.
between 7 stars and 10 stars in half star increments
 Calculate savings based on the following:
o Baseline = 5.5 stars
o Minimum performance requirement = 7 stars
o Energy Cap = 242.5 kWh/year (= 130cm TV rated at 6 stars)
2.8.5
REVIEW OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS UNDERPINNING CREDIT
ESTIMATES
The following table details the current key assumptions used in estimating the
available credits for this pre-existing activity. The basis for these assumptions was
detailed in the report Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA
REES Scheme (EES 2014). The left hand column details the parameter under
consideration, the centre column details the current setting applied in the REES
scheme and the right hand column provides comment on the current settings (with
reference to settings used in other jurisdictions as applicable). Where no change is
proposed to the current assumption the comment column includes the words
Remains valid. Where a change is considered to be warranted to the current
settings the comment column includes the words Recommended Change.
Table 25: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (Televisions)
Parameter
Energy Service Levels
Value
Comment
Usage Factor
5.5 hours per
day
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
As per
ABS4602
Remains valid As per ABS4602
Base Case Assumptions
Ownership
REES Activity Assumptions
Ownership
As per base
case
Performance
As per
AS/NZS
standard
Sales stream not used in setting of
specifications)
Recommended Change:
REES qualifications and baselines from
2017 are too stringent for the current market.
Proposed to revert to 2015 REES baseline
assumptions and align qualification level
with other jurisdictions (i.e. 7 stars).
Consider table format as discussed above.
Lifetime and persistence
Product lifetime
10 years
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Product persistence
Same as life
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
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Adjustment Factors
Additionality discount factor
Free rider discount
1.0
0.90
Rebound discount factor
Compliance discount factor
Total Discount factor
1.0
1.0
0.90
Climatic Adjustments
Adjustments required?
Not applicable
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(see note 2)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(will increase credits by 11%) (see note 2)
Remains valid (see note 1 below)
Note 1: Modelling as originally applied in the study Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities
under the SA REES Scheme (EES 2014) is considered to remain valid.
Note 2: In assessing credits to be awarded the VEET scheme assumes a value of 1, however, in
assessing expected state-wide impacts on greenhouse gas emissions for greenhouse accounting
purposes a lesser value is applied. It is understood that DSD have a preference to harmonise with the
VEET/EEIS schemes in this respect.
2.8.6 REVIEW OF SPECIFICATION / INSTALLATION PROVISIONS
The specifications in relation to this activity are simple and straight forward requiring
no change.
Recommendation (Specification / Installation Provisions):
 No change
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2.9 APP2: Remove and Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator
or Freezer
2.9.1
REVIEW OF ACTIVITY DATABASE
The available data from the REES activity database dating back to 2009 for this
activity indicates that there has been minimal uptake of this activity particularly in
recent years – see Table 26. This suggests that there is still significant scope for the
uptake of this activity.
Table 26: CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp Replacement Activity
Year
Number of Activities
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
2.9.2
Number of individual
activity items
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
REVIEW OF OTHER JURISDICTIONS, HARMONISATION
The following table (Table 27) summarises the current key parameters of the REES
scheme as well as the schemes currently operating in the ACT (EEIS), NSW (ESS)
and Victoria (VEET). In the case of the ACT scheme the text in Black reflects the
current regulations and the text in red reflects changes expected to be introduced to
the current regulations starting in 2017 (these changes were out for comment at the
time of commencement of this study). Struck through black text under the ACT
indicates that the proposed new regulations would supersede this particular aspect of
the current regulations.
Reviewing the various schemes with an eye to improved harmonisation with
schemes outside SA (and improved specification generally) the following
observations/recommendations are made:
Eligibility Requirements: At present, the key eligibility requirements in the REES
scheme include:
 Residential or business
 In working order
 Within the scope of AS/NZS4474.2
 If secondary then after the removal of the target appliance, a main
refrigerator/freezer must remain installed and operating
 Single phase
 Vapour compression type
 Wine storage and portable units excluded.
These requirements align well with those in other jurisdictions. The only point of
notable variation is that under the ESS scheme the size of the refrigerator/freezer is
limited to those of 200 litres or more of gross volume.
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Table 27: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Remove and Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or Freezer (REES – APP2)
Parameters
Included in scheme?
EEIS
Yes
Working Title
Decommissioning and disposal of
refrigerator or freezer
Activity Reference Number
Required pre-condition
ESS
VEET
Yes
REES
Yes
Yes
Destruction of pre-1996
refrigerator or freezer
Remove or Dispose of an unwanted
Refrigerator or Freezer; Residential
or Commercial
Part 5.1
Removal of Old Appliances
(refrigerators and freezers)
C1 = Remove a spare refrigerator or
freezer
C2 = Remove a primary refrigerator
or freezer
C1 (spare) C2 (main)
Schedule 19
APP2
Removing a refrigerator or freezer
in working order, from a premises
and destroying the refrigerator or
freezer (type not specified)
C1 = Residential, C2= Residential or
Business, in working order, >200
litres, within the scope of
AS/NZS4474.2
Residential or business, working
order and manufactured before
1996 (type not specified)
Residential or business, in working
order, within the scope of
AS/NZS4474.2
If secondary then after the removal
of the target appliance, a main
refrigerator/freezer must remain
installed and operating
Excludes wine storage and
portable refrigerators
Working order, manufactured
before 1996
Working order
Single phase
Vapour compression type
Single door refrigerator or freezer:
3⋅25 t (12.1 GJ)
Two door refrigerator or freezer:
5⋅82 t (21.7 GJ)
Deemed savings depend on size
and vintage and whether
secondary or main.
Secondary R12: 25.6 GJ/m3
Secondary not R12: 14.2 GJ/m3
Other R12 (main): 15.1 GJ/m3
Other not R12: 7.6 GJ/m3
(based on external volume)
Limitation on replacements
Performance requirements
Working order, previous date
requirement removed
Deemed savings
0.5926 t for 1 door (12.2 GJ)
1.0603 t for 2 door (21.8 GJ)
C1 - a main refrigerator must be
left after the secondary unit is
removed
Working order, no age requirement
C1 Secondary: 5.7 MWh
C2 Main: 2.4 MWh
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Parameters
Regional Variations?
No
EEIS
No
Warranty Requirements
N/A
N/A
Referenced Standards
Other requirements
ESS
VEET
Yes
Metro areas = 0.98
Regional Areas = 1.04
N/A
AS/NZS4474.2
Disposal in accordance with Ozone
Protection and Synthetic
Greenhouse Gas Management Act
1989
(Commonwealth),
No requirements regarding
refrigerant disposal
REES
No
N/A
AS/NZS4474.2
Disposal in accordance with Ozone
Protection and Synthetic
Greenhouse Gas Management Act
1989
(Commonwealth),
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Disposal in accordance with Ozone
Protection and Synthetic
Greenhouse Gas Management Act
1989
(Commonwealth),
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The limitation on volume in the ESS scheme probably relates to the fact that credits
are ascribed per refrigerator or freezer removed rather than per m3 of refrigerator or
freezer removed (as is the case in the REES scheme). If the REES scheme were to
shift to a per refrigerator or freezer removed rather than per m3 of refrigerator or
freezer removed approach (as applied in all other jurisdictions) then placing a lower
limit on the volume of refrigerator/freezer removed would have some merit. Under the
current volume based approach used in REES such a limitation is unnecessary
because unlike other schemes the credits scale with the size of the removed
appliance.
Recommendation (Eligibility Requirements):
 No change unless there is a change to per refrigerator or freezer removed
rather than per m3 of refrigerator or freezer removed approach. In these
circumstances a lower limit on the volume of the removed refrigerator/freezer
(as per the ESS scheme) would have some merit.
Installed Product Requirements: This aspect is not applicable to this activity as
there is no installation of a product, simply a removal of a product.
Recommendation (Installed Product Requirements):
 No Change
Deemed Savings (Format): The current format used in the REES scheme is a very
simple formula based approach based on the type of product being removed and the
external volume of the product (which is used as a means for estimating the gross
volume of the product as defined in AS/NZS 4474.2). In terms of the types of
products being removed, these are divided into four types each attracting differing
credits. The types are:




Secondary Refrigerator/Freezer with R12 refrigerant
Secondary Refrigerator/Freezer without R12 refrigerant
Other Refrigerator/Freezer with R12 refrigerant
Other Refrigerator/Freezer without R12 refrigerant
Each jurisdiction takes a somewhat different approach to categorising products in
terms of available credits:
 VEET and EEIS divide products into single door and two door
 VEET limits removals only to pre 1996 products (effectively those with R12
refrigerants)
 ESS simply divide products into secondary or main (“other” within the REES
scheme) refrigerators and freezers
There is no doubt that the current REES arrangement that takes into account both
age and volume of the product to be removed allows for the best match between the
savings credits and actual savings achieved. Some might argue that the added
complexity of having to calculate the products volume and determine if R12
refrigerant is used acts as a barrier to the take up of this activity. However, neither of
these requirements is in reality particularly onerous. An external volume
measurement simply requires 3 simple measurements probably taking no more than
one minute. Where a product is clearly marked as having R12 or as being
manufactured pre 1996 then the presence of R12 is easy to discern, where these
indicators cannot be found then the assumption is simply that R12 is not present and
a reduced credit is received.
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If there is concern that the formula approach is too complex for service providers or
the recording dimensions is too onerous, it may be possible to move to a simpler
approach as follows:
 Retain the current R12 and other distinction as a proxy for age
 Retain the primary or secondary classification
 Have 4 categories of products as follows:
o Single door refrigerator with a height of 1150mm or more
o Single door refrigerator <1150mm height or height not recorded
o Two door refrigerator-freezer
o Separate freezer
This simpler format provides a total of 16 options (4 types, R12 or not R12, primary
or secondary). It would be necessary to develop a likely average volume for each of
the 4 product types based on historical sales data and their likely age. While this
would be simpler for service providers, it will mean that credits are averaged and that
larger products with higher energy savings will earn the same credits as smaller
products with lower energy so is not particularly recommended. By including a single
door product with a height <1150mm category, no lower volume limit will be
necessary (as in the ESS scheme).
Because priority group households are likely to contain older refrigerators/freezers
compared to non-priority group households it was agreed with DSD that by default
refrigerators/freezers to be removed from priority group households shall be deemed
to be pre 1996 stock (i.e. R12 refrigerant)
Recommendation (Deemed Savings Format):
 Retain existing formula based approach OR;
 Include a set credit for 2 sets of 8 simple categories as follows:
o Primary/Priority Group Household or R12/Single door of 1150mm or
more
o Primary/ Priority Group Household or R12/Single door of <1150mm
o Primary/ Priority Group Household or R12/Two door
o Primary/ Priority Group Household or R12/Freezer only
o Primary/NON R12/Single door of 1150mm or more
o Primary/NON R12/Single door of <1150mm
o Primary/NON R12/Two door
o Primary/NON R12/Freezer only
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Secondary/ Priority Group Household or R12/Single door of 1150mm
or more
Secondary/ Priority Group Household or R12/Single door of <1150mm
Secondary/ Priority Group Household or R12/Two door
Secondary/ Priority Group Household or R12/Freezer only
Secondary/NON R12/Single door of 1150mm or more
Secondary/NON R12/Single door of <1150mm
Secondary/NON R12/Two door
Secondary/NON R12/Freezer only
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Regional Variations:
No jurisdictions, except Victoria apply any form of regional factor to the awarded
credits. In Victoria the regional factors are based on differences in transmission
losses between metropolitan (0.98) and regional areas (1.04).
It is understood that DSD wish to align with the VEET scheme in this respect and
adopt a set of SA relevant factors relating to transmission losses in the electricity
grid. This aspect is covered separately in Section 4.
Recommendation (Regional Variations): Refer Section 4 of this report for
recommendations.
2.9.3
REVIEW OF BASELINE/ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE
ASSUMPTIONS
For this type of activity, the savings are assessed as the energy consumption
avoided from decommissioning an older refrigerator or freezer. In the case of a
secondary refrigerator this equates to the expected energy consumption of the
product over what remains of its life (estimated to be 7 years on average). In the
case of a primary refrigerator (referred to as “other” in the REES scheme) the
savings equate to the difference between the energy consumption of the existing
product over what remains of its life (7 years) less the energy consumption of the
replacement product (assumed to be a market average performance
refrigerator/freezer with otherwise similar specifications). If the customer also
purchases a high efficiency refrigerator to replace an existing product, then the credit
earned from APP1A would be in addition to the credit from this activity. This could be
made clearer in the documentation (see also Section 3.4)
The current baseline assumptions are as detailed in Table 28. For a detailed
description of each of these baseline components refer to the study Review of
Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA REES Scheme (EES 2014).
Table 28: Current Baseline Assumptions: Removal and Disposal of Unwanted
Refrigerator/Freezer
Activity Subtype
kWh/raw litre
capacity
Climate
Factor
Remove Secondary within a Priority
Household or with R12 refrigerant
Remove Secondary Without R12
Replace Primary within a Priority
Household or with R12 refrigerant
Replace Primary without R12
2.25
0.8
Energy
Deterioration
Factor
1.2
1.5
1.25
0.8
0.85
1
1.2
0.75
0.85
1
The climate factor is adjusted because secondary refrigerators and freezers are
usually located in non-conditioned (colder) parts of the house. The energy
deterioration factor applies to products with R12 (pre-1996), which are now over 20
years old.
Unless DSD want this approach simplified in some way, no changes are proposed.
Recommendation (Baseline Assumptions): No changes proposed
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2.9.4
REVIEW OF KEY ASSUMPTIONS UNDERPINNING CREDIT
ESTIMATES
The following table details the current key assumptions used in estimating the
available credits for this pre-existing activity. The basis for these assumptions was
detailed in the report Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA
REES Scheme (EES 2014). The left hand column details the parameter under
consideration, the centre column details the current setting applied in the REES
scheme and the right hand column provides comment on the current settings (with
reference to settings used in other jurisdictions as applicable). Where no change is
proposed to the current assumption the comment column includes the words
Remains valid. Where a change is considered to be warranted to the current
settings the comment column includes the words Recommended Change.
Table 29: Review of Underlying Key Assumptions (Refrigerator/Freezer Removal)
Parameter
Energy Service Levels
Value
Comment
Refrigerator and freezers
Climate
factors
Refrigerator and freezers
Age
deterioration
Remains valid
Assume labelling values will be adjusted by
0.80 for refrigerators and freezers as user
interaction will be (secondary appliances)
and many will run in unconditioned space
(cooler). Primary refrigerators use a climate
factor of 0.85 as per EEIS and VEET.
Remains valid
A proportion of older products will run less
efficiently. US data suggests 20% increase
in energy. This is also used in VEET.
Base Case Assumptions
Energy consumption
AS/NZS4474
adjusted as
per (EES
2014)
REES Activity Assumptions
Ownership
As per base
case (data not
used in setting
of
specifications)
Lifetime and persistence
Product remaining lifetime
Refrigerators and freezers
7 years
Remains valid
Remains valid
Remains valid
Product persistence
Same as life
Remains valid
Adjustment Factors
Additionality discount factor
1.0
Free rider discount
0.90
Rebound discount factor
0.98
Not applicable as additional impact is
specifically quantified in methodology
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(see note 1)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(see note 1)
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Parameter
Value
Comment
Compliance discount factor
0.9
Total Discount factor
0.794
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0
(see note 1)
Vic and ACT use 1.0 (NSW unknown)
Recommended Change: increase to 1.0 in
line with VEET and EEIS schemes (see
above) this will increase credits by 26%
(see note 1)
Climatic Adjustments
Adjustments required?
Secondary =
0.8
Primary = 0.85
As per EES
2014
Remains valid
See above
Note 1: In assessing credits to be awarded the VEET scheme assumes a value of 1, however, in
assessing expected state-wide impacts on greenhouse gas emissions for greenhouse accounting
purposes a lesser value is applied. It is understood that DSD have a preference to harmonise with the
VEET/EEIS schemes in this respect.
2.9.5 REVIEW OF SPECIFICATION / INSTALLATION PROVISIONS
The specifications in relation to this activity are simple and straight forward requiring
minimal change.
Recommendation (Specification / Installation Provisions): Augment current
specifications to include:
 A note making it clear that where this activity is combined with the purchase
of a new high efficiency refrigerator additional credit is available for the
purchase activity (APP1A or APP1B as applicable).
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3 Review of Proposed New Activities
3.1 Overview
This section considers the following four new activities as proposed for inclusion by
DSD. These are:



IHD1 - Install a device to allow engagement of household with energy usage
and cost at time of use (In Home Display – IHD)
RDC1 - Install High Efficiency Refrigerated Display Cabinets
APP1G - Dispose of an old primary refrigerator/freezer and purchase an
energy efficient replacement refrigerator/freezer
A fourth new activity, HC2C (Replace and remove an existing inefficient air
conditioner and replace with an efficient new revere cycle air conditioner) has been
incorporated into the analysis for the pre-existing activity HC2A (refer Section 2.2 for
details) on the basis that HC2C constituted an extension to HC2A rather than an
entirely new activity.
When analysing each of these three proposed new activities for incorporation into
REES the following aspects were considered:



Assess Suitability against Ministerial Protocol
Review of other Jurisdictions and potential for harmonisation opportunities
Technical review (baselines, performance standards, basis for credits)
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3.2 IHD1: In Home display Units (Residential Only)
3.2.1 Assess Suitability against Ministerial Protocol
Table 30 below sets out an assessment of this activities suitability against the
general principles as set out in the REES Ministerial Protocol. Table 31 below sets
out an assessment of this activities suitability against the specific principles (activity
and calculation methods) as set out in the REES Ministerial Protocol.
This proposed activity aligns well with all of the general principles except for the
focus on low income households and a focus on remote and regional areas. By its
nature, this is an activity targeted at business energy use and as such would not be
expected to target these areas.
This proposed activity also aligns well with all of the specific principles – see Table
31.
Table 30: Alignment with REES General Principles – In Home Displays
General Principles
Reduces household and/or business energy use
Provides a focus on low income households / remote and regional areas
Fosters competition, innovation and market efficiency
Associated Objectives:

x

Provides greenhouse gas emission benefits
Provides energy cost benefits


Table 31: Activity Alignment with REES Specific Principles – In Home Displays
Principle
1. Provides scope for
objective, cost effective and
simple auditing
2. Harmonises with other
schemes (as far as practical)
3. Capable of uptake by
households and businesses in
SA
4. Provides a means for
ensuring quality assurance
and participant satisfaction
(standards, guidelines,
Accreditation networks)
5. Safety and minimising
overall risk
6. Good practice
(Best practice and recycling)
Assessment
Installation of the equipment as part of the activity can be audited
through a simple site inspection.
At present this activity is available only under the VEET scheme. The
proposal is to align as far as possible with the VEET schemes
provisions and underlying assumptions.
Yes – application at this stage would be limited to the residential
sector. Limitations may apply depending on the pre-existing
household power supply infrastructure.
Various provisions in the VEET scheme including Zigbee standards
are proposed for adoption in the REES scheme (subject to approval
by SA Networks)
By law the installation process would need to be undertaken by a
suitably licenced electrician, thereby minimising any risk.
All installations should be in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions.
This activity is unlikely to involve aspects such as recycling
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Principle
7. Provides credible evidence
based energy savings
applicable to SA.
8. Compliance costs are
balanced with accuracy of
calculations
Assessment
Energy savings are based on meta-analysis of a range of field
surveys from across the world undertaken for the VEET program
(Accenture 2011). The analysis selected studies that were considered
to be applicable in the Australian context, in particular in Victoria but
should be readily applicable to SA.
The cost of establishing compliance are minimal being based on a
visual inspection of:

The installed unit whilst operating

Sales receipts
9. Energy savings are
additional to base case (BAU)
and minimises free riders
Analysis undertaken for VEET (Accenture 2011) indicates that
savings are additional to the base case (no IHD installed) and that
free riders are likely to be insignificant.
10. Provision of greater
rewards for products that
deliver higher
levels of performance and
energy efficiency
Not applicable
3.2.2
Review of other Jurisdictions, Harmonisation opportunities
The following table (Table 35) summarises for this activity type, the key parameters
of the scheme currently operating in Victoria (VEET).
The right hand column of this table indicates in red the recommended approach to be
taken in the REES scheme. The recommendation is generally based on a desire to
achieve harmonisation with the VEET scheme whilst ensuring that the provisions are:
 In line with the REES ministerial protocol
 As simple as possible
 Practical to apply
 Relevant in the SA context
3.2.3
Technical review
In the case of IHDs the baseline is effectively dwellings without in-home display units
Assumed performance is proposed to be based on that used under the VEET
scheme. That is an assumed % reduction in electrical energy consumption based on
the study Department of Primary Industries IHD Inclusion into ESI scheme
(Accenture 2011).
In that study, performance of IHDs was based upon the following factors:
 The % reduction in electricity consumption due to the IHD
 Average Household energy consumption
 The expected lifetime of the IHD
 Any discount factors
 The Greenhouse gas coefficient for electricity in Victoria (not applicable to
SA)
The basis for determining each of these factors in the Accenture study is summarised
in the following subsections:
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Table 32: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install a HE Refrigerated Display Cabinet
Parameters
Included in scheme?
EEIS
ESS
No
No
VEET
REES
Yes
Proposed
Working Title
In home display unit
In home display unit
Activity Reference Number
Schedule 30
IHD1
Required pre-condition
Nil
Nil
Limitation on replacements
N/A
N/A
Performance requirements
- Reading interval ≤ 30 secs
- Data Storage ≥ 45 days
Include numerical and non-numerical
displays
- Allows consumer to discern low and
high consumption for the cases detailed
in Note 1 below
- Display tariff data and cost of electricity
data
- Capacity to erase all tariff and
consumption data and all data entered
by the consumer
- Have an average electric power
consumption of not more than 0·6 watts
when operating under
normal circumstances;
- if battery powered, uses a battery that
has a manufacturer's rated lifetime of at
least 5 years when
operating under normal circumstances
- Reading interval ≤ 30 secs
- Data Storage ≥ 45 days
Include numerical and non-numerical
displays
- Allows consumer to discern low and
high consumption for the cases
detailed in Note 1 below
- Display tariff data and cost of
electricity data
- Capacity to erase all tariff and
consumption data and all data entered
by the consumer
- Have an average electric power
consumption of not more than 0·6
watts when operating under
normal circumstances;
- if battery powered, uses a battery
that has a manufacturer's rated
lifetime of at least 5 years when
operating under normal circumstances
For non AMI applications:
For non AMI applications:
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Parameters
Deemed savings
Regional Variations?
Warranty Requirements
Referenced Standards
Other requirements
EEIS
ESS
VEET
REES
- is accurate to within 5% of actual
electricity consumption
- uses, for its communications
an encrypted communication protocol
that is approved by the
ESC
6.6% of average electricity consumption.
Split into dwellings
With mains gas 1.87 tCO2-e Without
mains gas 2.47 tCO2-e
Yes – Regional factor
Metro areas = 0.98
Regional Areas = 1.04
Nil
- is accurate to within 5% of actual
electricity consumption
- uses, for its communications
an encrypted communication protocol
that is approved by the
ESC
6.6% of average electricity
consumption.
In relation to interval meter applications
(AMI):
complies with the ZigBee Smart Energy
Profile Specification published by the
ZigBee Standards
Organisation on 1 December 2008 and
the ZigBee
Smart Energy Profile Specification
version 1.1 published by the ZigBee
Standards Organisation on
23 March 2011
Householder instruction in the use of the
IHD is required to be undertaken by the
provider
As per VEET - To be confirmed by SA
Networks
Nil
5 years
Householder instruction in the use of
the IHD required to be undertaken by
the provider
Note 1:
(A) electricity energy consumption information from the previous 45 days in intervals no longer than one hour per day of information displayed and one day per week of
information displayed; and
(B) the average total household electrical power consumption (in watts) for the displayed period, which must be updated at least every 30 seconds; and
(C) the total household electricity energy consumption (in kWh) for the displayed period and the cost of that consumption, which must be updated at least every 30 seconds
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Percentage reduction in electricity consumption
Percentage reduction in electricity consumption was used as a basis for calculating
abatement as it is simple and is the most common measurement of IHD impact in
trials globally. The assumption was made that Victorian households would achieve
similar results to the average consumption reduction across global trials after
factoring in a scoring mechanism to determine those trials which had the most
relevance to the Victorian context. Of the 11 trials identified as relevant, the savings
ranged from 0.2% to 18%. The average expected electricity consumption reduction
per household, for those trials most relevant to Victoria, was determined to be 6.6%
with a standard deviation of 5.2%.
Household electricity consumption
Due to the high usage of reticulated gas in Victoria and the fact that there is a
significant difference in average household electricity consumption between those
with and without access to reticulated gas, savings estimates were split into
households with gas and those without.
The average household electricity consumption in Victoria in 2011 was estimated as:
 Victorian households without access to reticulated gas use on average 7,765
kWh per annum;
 Victorian households with access to reticulated gas use on average 5,882
kWh per annum*.
Lifetime of Savings
To determine a defensible lifetime, the VEET scheme study referenced accounting
standards typically used for taxation purposes for similar devices. Accounting
standards have been utilised because they are impartial estimated guidelines to
assist tax-payers in determining the likely useful lifetime and depreciating value of
assets. Based on this analysis a lifetime of 5 years was determined. This was
considered to be a conservative estimate of product lifetime because:
 The expected minimum life-span of a smart meter, on which an IHD might
rely, which is 15 years.
 The opinions of retailers and IHD manufacturers who placed an IHD‘s
average functional life-span between 7 and 15 years.
 The average lifespan of other appliances within the VEET scheme is 13.4
years.
 The fact that an IHD may have a similar life-span to a smart thermostat based
on similar components: the consumer warranty for a smart thermostat is 3-5
years while the expected life-span is 7-10 years.
The study also determined that “there was evidence that persistence over time
broadly occurs, and that it was reasonable to assume consumption savings would
persist for the duration of the 5 year device lifetime”.
Discount Factors
The VEET study concluded that no discount factors for such things as free riders
should apply because at the time:
 There are a very small number of consumers currently believed to be using
an IHD in Victoria (less than 1% of those with a smart meter)
 There are currently no defined B2B or business to customer (B2C)
procedures to facilitate easy adoption of IHDs
 There is no commercial-scale roll-out of IHDs currently planned or in place in
Victoria.
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3.3 RDC1: Install High Efficiency Refrigerated Display
Cabinets
3.3.1 Assess Suitability against Ministerial Protocol
Table 33 below sets out an assessment of this activities suitability against the
general principles as set out in the REES Ministerial Protocol. Table 34 below sets
out an assessment of this activities suitability against the specific principles (activity
and calculation methods) as set out in the REES Ministerial Protocol.
This proposed activity aligns well with all of the general principles except for the
focus on low income households and a focus on remote and regional areas. By its
nature, this is an activity targeted at business energy use and as such would not be
expected to target these areas.
This proposed activity also aligns well with all of the specific principles – see Table
34.
Table 33: Alignment with REES General Principles - High Efficiency RDCs
General Principles

x

Reduces household and/or business energy use
Provides a focus on low income households / remote and regional areas
Fosters competition, innovation and market efficiency
Associated Objectives:


Provides greenhouse gas emission benefits
Provides energy cost benefits
Table 34: Activity Alignment with REES Specific Principles – High Efficiency RDCs
Principle
1. Provides scope for
objective, cost effective and
simple auditing
2. Harmonises with other
schemes (as far as practical)
3. Capable of uptake by
households and businesses in
SA
4. Provides a means for
ensuring quality assurance
and participant satisfaction
(standards, guidelines,
Accreditation networks)
Assessment
Purchase of the equipment as part of the activity can be audited
through retailer sales records and ledgers.
Product performance can be checked by comparing the product
nameplate with the GEMS register
This activity is available in all other jurisdictions. All cover the same
categories and sub-categories of product as defined in AS1731 and
the GEMS determination. All schemes require that the minimum
performance equals the High Efficiency standard as defined in AS
1731.
The baseline assumption used in all jurisdictions is the same i.e. the
current GEMS MEPS level. The main difference between the various
schemes is that the ESS scheme takes the performance of the
installed product as per its claimed performance whereas the VEET
and EEIS scheme simply assumes the High Efficiency level as
prescribed in AS 1731
Yes – Generally only applies to businesses handling refrigerated
foods and beverages.
Pre-existing Australian standards set performance requirements to
ensure that the activity maintains its performance throughout its
expected lifetime and meets consumer expectations.
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Principle
5. Safety and minimising
overall risk
6. Good practice
(Best practice and recycling)
7. Provides credible evidence
based energy savings
applicable to SA.
8. Compliance costs are
balanced with accuracy of
calculations
9. Energy savings are
additional to base case (BAU)
and minimises free riders
10. Provision of greater
rewards for products that
deliver higher
levels of performance and
energy efficiency
Assessment
The process of RDC installation, particularly self-contained units is
common and routine. Remote unit installation would require specialist
tradespersons in terms of electrical wiring and the handling of
refrigerant gases. Installation of a high efficiency system (over a
standard system) presents no additional risk to participants.
All products have to comply with relevant safety standards. All
installations should be in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
As this activity is targeted at retail sales, the installation and removal
of old products (where they exist) is up to the purchaser (not directly
covered by the activity).
Energy savings are based on a recognised test standard, the AS1731
series. Saving can be readily calculated from publicly available data.
In particular the GEMS register of RDCs. The test method prescribed
in AS 1731 closely matches in use conditions and as such the
manufacturers performance claims based on testing to AS1731
provide a reliable estimate of actual savings in the field.
The cost of establishing compliance are minimal being based on a
visual inspection of:

The installed unit (in particular its compliance plate)

Sales receipts

The GEMS register of RDCs
The BAU case relates to the market average performance of
purchased RDCs. This would consist of a mixture of MEPS compliant
units and High Efficiency units.
Approximately one-third of registrations are of units meeting the HE
standard It is however more than likely that sales of high efficiency
product are on average less than for MEPS compliant product.
Consequently savings would be in addition to the BAU case but there
would be expected to be some unavoidable free riders.
The VEET and EEIS schemes provide a reward based solely on the
HE standard as prescribed in AS1731. On the other hand the ESS
scheme provides credit based on the performance of the particular
unit (provided it meets as a minimum the HE standard in AS1731).
The provision of greater rewards for products that deliver higher
levels of performance and energy efficiency is therefore better served
by the ESS approach, however such an approach would come at the
cost of reduced simplicity and poorer harmonisation (i.e. would
harmonise with ESS rather than both VEET and EEIS)
3.3.2
Review of other Jurisdictions, Harmonisation opportunities
The following table (Table 35) summarises for this activity type, the key parameters
of the schemes currently operating in the ACT (EEIS), NSW (ESS) and Victoria
(VEET). In the case of the ACT the stated parameters reflect changes expected to be
introduced to the current regulations starting in 2017 (these changes were out for
comment at the time of commencement of this study).
The right hand column of this table indicates in red the recommended approach to be
taken in the REES scheme. The recommendation is generally based on a desire to
achieve harmonisation with the other schemes whilst ensuring that the provisions
are:
 In line with the REES ministerial protocol
 As simple as possible
 Practical to apply
 Relevant in the SA context
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Table 35: Comparison of Various Energy Efficiency Schemes – Install a HE Refrigerated Display Cabinet
Parameters
Included in scheme?
Working Title
Activity Reference Number
Required pre-condition
Limitation on replacements
EEIS
ESS
Yes (2017)
VEET
Yes
REES
Yes
Proposed
High Efficiency Refrigerated Display
Cabinet Activities
Part 5.7
INSTALL A NEW HIGH EFFICIENCY
REFRIGERATED DISPLAY CABINET
Schedule F1
High efficiency refrigerated
display cabinet
Schedule 32
Install A New High Efficiency
Refrigerated Display Cabinet
RDC1
Must be for installation and use in
a business premises within the ACT
Nil
Nil
Applies only to M-package
temperature classes M1, M2, L1
and L2 (as applicable) as defined in
the AS 1731 series of standards
Applies to self-contained units only
(requirement of DSD)
Nil
Nil
Nil
Must be rated as 'high efficiency'
within the meaning of the AS 1731
series of standards
RDC must be a registered product
under GEMS and comply with the
Greenhouse and Energy Minimum
Standards (Refrigerated Display
Cabinets) Determination 2012.
Deemed Equipment Electricity
Savings = (Baseline Efficiency × TDA
– TEC) x 365.24 × Lifetime / 1000
Must be rated as 'high efficiency'
within the meaning of the AS 1731
series of standards
Must be rated as 'high efficiency'
within the meaning of the AS 1731
series of standards
Must be a registered product under
GEMS
Deemed savings = TDA x AF x RF
Where:
TDA = Total Display Area of the RDC
measured in accordance with
AS1731
AF = Abatement Factor Value as
specified in the associated table
RF = Regional Factor
Normalised Energy Savings = TDA x
SF x RF
Where:
TDA = Total Display Area of the RDC
measured in accordance with
AS1731
SF = Savings Factor based on the
difference between MEPS level and
HE level and an assumed 8 year life
RF = Regional Factor (see Section 4
of this report)
Applies only to M-package
temperature classes M1, M2, L1
and L2 (as applicable) as defined in
the AS 1731 series of standards
Nil
Performance requirements
Must be rated as 'high efficiency'
within the meaning of the AS 1731
series of standards
Deemed savings
Abatement factor (〖tCO〗_2-e)=
AAV ×TDA
Where:
AAV = Activity Abatement Value as
specified in the associated table
TDA = Total Display Area of the RDC
measured in accordance with
AS1731
Varies according to cabinet type
and sub-class as defined in AS 1731
Baseline efficiency = MEPS level as
set in AS1731
TDA = Total Display Area of the RDC
measured in accordance with
AS1731
TEC = Total Energy Consumption of
the unit measured in accordance
with AS1731
Lifetime = 8 years
Varies according to cabinet type
and sub-class as defined in AS 1731
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Parameters
EEIS
Savings = difference between HE
standard and MEPS standard
Savings based on an assumed life of
8 years
ESS
VEET
Varies according to cabinet type
and sub-class as defined in AS 1731
Savings = difference between HE
standard and MEPS standard
Savings based on an assumed life of
8 years
Regional Variations?
No
Savings = difference between
measured performance and the
MEPS standard
(Measured performance must be ≥
the HE level)
No
Warranty Requirements
Nil
Referenced Standards
AS1731 series of standards
Other requirements
Competency in electrical work and
handling of refrigerants as required
REES
Yes
(see Section 4)
Nil
Yes
Metro areas = 0.98
Regional Areas = 1.04
Nil
AS1731 series of standards
AS1731 series of standards
AS1731 series of standards
Competency in electrical work and
handling of refrigerants as required
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Points to note are as follows:
1. The proposed method for calculating deemed savings aligns with that used in
VEET and EEIS. This is a relatively simple method that provides
harmonisation with two of the other three jurisdictions. However, this method
does not provide rewards for products that deliver higher levels of
performance and energy efficiency as well as does the ESS scheme. This is
therefore a trade-off between greater simplicity and harmonisation and the
need to reward products that deliver higher levels of energy efficiency (i.e.
over and above the high efficiency level specified in the standard)
2. DSD expressed a desire to limit this activity to small to medium enterprises
only. The proposed means for achieving this goal is to limit the activity to selfcontained units only (Remote Units are typically used in larger businesses
such as supermarkets and the like)
Recommendation:
 In the interests of simplicity and better harmonisation adopt a simple high
efficiency standard as defined in AS 1731.14 (as per VEET and EEIS)
 Limit the scope of the activity to self-contained units only
3.3.3
Technical Review
Baseline
All products proposed for inclusion within this activity are regulated for energy
performance under the Commonwealth GEMS act. Under the Act the performance of
this product type is determined in accordance with the test method as set out in the
AS 1731 series of standards and all products are required to meet a minimum energy
performance standard as published in AS 1731.14. Refrigerated display cabinets
Part 14: Minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) requirements Tables 2.1
(remote units) and 2.2 (self-contained units). Alternatively, suppliers can claim
compliance with a “High Efficiency” performance level as specified in Tables 3.1
(remote units) and 3.2 (self-contained units) of AS 1731.14.
The test conditions applied under AS 1731 when rating a product assume that the
product is fully loaded and in ambient conditions of 25oC and 60% relative humidity.
There is also a set regime assumed in relation to the opening and closing of doors
(where present).
Whilst these conditions might be expected to produce energy consumption results
towards the upper end of the expected range in service (except for high
temperature/high use environments where energy consumption could be higher) the
resultant values are likely to be reasonably representative, especially given that the
value used in the REES credit calculation is proposed to be the difference between a
MEPS compliant unit and a high efficiency unit operating under the same conditions.
The baseline performance for new product entering the stock is difficult to assess
due to the lack of available sales data. A recent analysis of the performance of the
products available on the GEMS register of refrigerated display cabinets suggests
that approximately one-third of all registered products are registered as meeting the
high efficiency performance standard. . It is however more than likely that sales of
high efficiency product (premium product) are on average less than for MEPS
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compliant product (standard product). On this basis it is reasonable to adopt the
same assumption used in VEET and EEIS that approximately 20% of purchasers
would be for High Efficiency products. That is, the baseline efficiency for this product
type is assumed to consist of 80% of products that meet the GEMS MEPS level and
20% that meet the GEMS HE level.
Recommendation (Baseline):
For the baseline, assume that 20% of installations would have been high efficiency
compliant product.
Activity performance
As previously noted, the proposal for this activity is to require that eligible products
must meet the high efficiency standard as published in AS 1731.14. Refrigerated
display cabinets Part 14: Minimum energy performance standard (MEPS)
requirements; Tables 3.1 (remote units) and 3.2 (self-contained units).
This means that the minimum performance of the installed product can reasonably
be assumed to match (or exceed) the high efficiency standard.
Whilst it is true that some units rated as HE will in fact exceed the HE performance
threshold set in the standard (as is accounted for in the ESS scheme), it is also true
that some units rated as MEPS only compliant will exceed the MEPS performance
threshold set in the standard. This means that in all likelihood, the relative difference
in performance between HE and MEPS compliant product (i.e. the proposed basis for
the activity credit under REES) is in fact representative of the actual difference in
performance between these two cohorts of product.
Apart from product performance the following table details other factors expected to
impact on actual savings expected from this activity (see Table 36).
Table 36: Factors Impacting on Realised Savings - RDCs
Parameter
Proposed
Basis / Comment
Service Levels
Utilisation
100%
Assumed to operate continuously
Product
Lifetime
Product
8 years
Source - Regulatory Impact Statement: Minimum
lifetime
Energy Performance Standards and Alternative
Strategies for Commercial Refrigeration Cabinets in
Australia and New Zealand
This matches the value adopted in all other
jurisdictions
Adjustment
Factors
Additionality /
free rider
0.8
Rebound
discount factor
Compliance
discount factor
1
Total Discount
factor
0.8
1
Assumes 80% of sales are for MEPS only compliant
product and 20% for HE product (See discussion
above this table)
Rebound is considered highly unlikely. Utilisation is
already assumed to be 100%
There is no available research data on this aspect so
the default value of 1 as used in VEET and EEIS is
proposed
Product of individual factors
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3.4 APP1G: Remove and replace a Primary
Refrigerator/Freezer
This proposed activity is not a new activity as such, rather it is a combination of two
pre-existing activities:


APP1A: Purchase a high efficiency new refrigerator or refrigerator/freezer;
Residential or commercial
APP2: Remove and Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or Freezer;
Residential or Commercial (noting that because this is a replacement activity,
only primary or “other” type refrigerators as defined in APP2 would be eligible
and not “secondary’ type refrigerators)
DSD’s stated purpose in creating a “new” activity by combining two existing activities
is to try and leverage greater uptake of these activities by:
 Making it apparent that the two activities can and should be combined in an
effort to improve the cost effectiveness of delivery for these measures.
 Providing a relatively simple table of credits that would apply in cases where
these two pre-existing activities are combined.
Following consultation with DSD it was agreed that the creation of a new activity to
cover these two pre-existing activities was in fact unnecessary. Instead it was agreed
that additional notation should be included in activity APP2 alerting the reader to the
fact that those undertaking activity APP2 (removal and disposal of an unwanted
refrigerator or freezer) in relation to a primary refrigerator or freezer may also wish to
take advantage of the credits available under activity APP1A (Purchase a high
efficiency new refrigerator or refrigerator/freezer).
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4 Adjustment Factors
4.1 Overview
As part of the brief for this study DSD asked that two potential influencing factors on
the available credits associated with REES activities be investigated. These factors
were:


Impacts of Electrical Network Transmission/Distribution System Losses
Impacts of priority group households
These two potential influencing factors on available REES credits are analysed in the
following sub-sections.
4.2 Allowance for Transmission/Distribution System Losses
As electricity flows through the transmission and distribution networks, energy is
lost due to electrical resistance and the heating of conductors. The losses can
amount to as much as 10% of the total electricity transported between power
stations and market customers.
This losses are divided into two components:

Distribution Loss Factor (DLF) - a number multiplied by a premise’s metered
energy to account for electricity losses between the transmission control point
and the consumer’s premise.

Transmission Loss Factor (TLF) - a number multiplied by a premise’s metered
energy to account for electricity losses between the Central Reference Node
and the nearest connected transmission control point.
Energy losses on the network must be factored in at all stages of electricity
production and transport, to ensure the delivery of adequate supply to meet
prevailing demand and maintain the power system in balance. In practical terms,
this means more electricity must be generated than indicated in simple demand
forecasts to allow for this loss during transportation.
Typically electricity transmission losses in regional areas are higher than those in
metropolitan areas. This means that from a network perspective, effective
electricity savings flowing from an activity undertaken in a regional area should
be marginally greater than in metropolitan areas. In Victoria, under the VEET
scheme the difference between the two is assumed to be of the order of 6% and
consequently a commensurate increase in credit is awarded to electricity saving
activities in regional areas as compared to metropolitan areas in that state.
The question is, should a similar additional credit be provided for REES activities
undertaken in regional areas of South Australia?
Reference was made to South Australia’s projected distribution loss factors for
2016-17 as published by AEMO (AEMO 2016), these are reproduced in Figure 9.
As can be seen, for residential and small commercial customers there is no
variation according to location for the distribution loss factors (DLF).
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Figure 9: South Australian Distribution Loss Factors 2016-17 (AEMO 2016)
In relation to possible variation in transmission losses across the state reference
was made to SA Power Networks who advised as follows:
……Transmission loss factors in SA due to embedded generators (e.g. wind
farms) connected to the distribution system, create an unusual situation. As a
consequence, the loss factor for metropolitan area is marginally greater than
1.0 and the average regional loss factor for the rest of the State is marginally
less than 1.0. Consequently, this doesn’t justify higher REES payments to
non-Adelaide customers.
In addition, a large percentage of the population that are outside Adelaide live
in Regional Centre/towns, which would have similar distribution loss factors to
the Adelaide Metropolitan Area so again would not justify regional customers
receiving a higher REES payment than Adelaide customers.
Consequently, the difference in the average loss factor for country versus
Metropolitan Adelaide would be marginal and not worth the effort to calculate.
Recommendation:
Based on this evidence it is not recommended that special factors for
transmission/distribution losses from the electrical network (sometimes referred to as
“regional factors”) be applied.
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4.3 Enhanced credits for priority group households
The Retailer Energy Efficiency Scheme (REES) distinguishes a Priority
Group of households based on eligibility criteria set out in the Electricity and
Gas Regulations. These generally refer to eligibility for a range of
Commonwealth concession card holders.
The priority group household represents around one third of all households in South
Australia (34%) and consists of three main cohorts:
 Aged pensioners (57%)
 Those with a disability (20%)
 Others (23%)
If the energy consumption of these priority group households were greater than the
state average then a case could be made for awarding increased REES credits for
activities undertaken in these households.
The suggestion that these households might have greater than average energy
consumption is based on the fact that these dwellings and their appliances tend to be
older and less efficient than the average. This suggestion is supported by findings
from the study South Australian analysis of the ABS 2012 household energy
Consumption survey (HECS) For the Department of State Development - Energy
Markets & Programs, ST Kitts and Associates March 2015.
However, the same study found that despite priority group households being located
in older building stock and using older and less efficient appliances, their mean
equivalised energy consumption was in fact slightly lower than the state average.
(noting that whilst their consumption was slightly lower than the average, the
affordability of their energy was significantly lower than the average due to
significantly lower household income).
The HECS study does not suggest a reason for this lower than average energy
consumption in priority group households but it might be postulated that the priority
cohort, dominated by aged pensioners, are thrifty with their energy use.
Recommendation:
Given their slightly lower than average energy consumption, the impact of REES
activities on these priority group households could not be assumed to result in higher
than average energy savings. Consequently, additional credits for activities
undertaken in priority group households is therefore unwarranted.
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5 Credit Calculation Method
5.1 Overview
The following two sub-sections detail the methodology applied to calculate the default
normalised energy savings in GJ for each activity that were the subject of this study.
Where it has been decided to report energy savings in the form of tables, both the
formula used to calculate the savings and the resultant tables are provided. This is
important to enable DSD to keep the REES up to date into the future.
Generally, default lifetime normalised energy savings for each case are based on the
methodology adopted in the 2014 review of the REES program (EES 2014) with
updates to assumptions as detailed earlier in this report.
5.2 Existing Activities
5.2.1
HC2A: New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Non Ducted)
Default lifetime normalised energy savings for each case is based on the
methodology adopted in the 2014 review of the REES program (EES 2014) with
updates to assumptions as detailed in this report and is given by:
H
H
C
C 



 0.9  12  Z
Default savings = 
 RH MH RC MC 
Where:
H is a climate related total heating load in GJ/year
C is a climate related total cooling load in GJ/year
0.9 is a program related discount factor (see Section 2.2.5)
12 is the assumed life in years (see Section 2.2.5)
Z is the assumed zoning factor (constrains the whole of house loads)
RH is the reference heating performance in W/W (ACOP)
RC is the reference cooling performance in W/W (AEER)
MH is the registered heating ACOP at rated capacity in accordance with
AS/NZS3823.2 of the eligible product being installed
MC is the registered heating ACOP at rated capacity in accordance with
AS/NZS3823.2 of the eligible product being installed
Default energy savings are in GJ of electricity over the product lifetime
Values for each of the variables is given below.
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Table 37: Activity HC2A - Variables for calculation of default savings factors
Climate
Incumbent Type
H
C GJ/y
Z
RH
GJ/y
BCA Climate Zone 6
Pre-existing A/C
71.52
3.11
0.3
3.6
All other areas
Pre-existing A/C
31.40
16.51
0.3
3.6
BCA Climate Zone 6
Resistance electric
71.52
3.11
0.3
1.0
All other areas
Resistance electric
31.40
16.51
0.3
1.0
BCA Climate Zone 6
Any (No pre-condition)
71.52
3.11
0.3
3.7
All other areas
Any (No pre-condition)
31.40
16.51
0.3
3.7
RC
3.4
3.4
N/A
N/A
3.5
3.5
In Table 37, the reference for a system where no existing system is specified is the
current market average, which is a heating COP of 3.7 and a cooling EER of 3.5. In
the case where an existing electric resistance heater is replaced, the reference
heating efficiency is a COP of 1. In this case it is assumed that there is no existing
cooling (N/A), so all cooling energy used by the new system is counted as a negative
saving. In the case where a pre-existing AC is specified for replacement, the baseline
is assumed to be 3 years operating at the efficiency of the existing system (COP =
3.3 and EER = 3.1) plus 9 years at the current market average, with the weighted
average value assumed as the reference. While this is a simplified assumption, it
does provide a practical approach for estimating a reference in this specific case.
Note that for an average lifetime of 12 years, the base assumption that the product
has 3 years remaining means that the average vintage of replaced systems is around
2008. Room air conditioners were subject to increasing MEPS levels in 2004, 2006
and 2007, so the assumed COP/EER of existing units in 2008 to be replaced is not
as low as may be expected when compared to older products.
Based on the above formula the following tables detail the energy savings for each
sub-activity within each of the two climate options. Note that the simple average COP
and EER within each bin is assumed when calculating energy saving factors, as set
out previously in this report.
Table 38: Activity HC2A – Normalised Energy Savings Tables (2 climates, 3 options)
(BCA climate 6) – HC2A (i) - Replacement (early retirement) of a pre-existing air-conditioner
HC2A(i)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
8.6
8.7
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
11.8
11.9
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.7
12.7
12.8
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
14.6
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.6
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
17.2
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18.1
18.2
18.2
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
19.5
19.7
19.8
19.9
20.0
20.2
20.2
20.4
20.5
20.5
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
21.6
21.8
21.9
22.0
22.2
22.3
22.3
22.5
22.6
22.6
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
25.3
25.4
25.6
25.7
25.8
25.9
26.0
26.2
26.2
26.3
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
26.9
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.8
27.9
27.9
8 or more
6.25 or more
28.4
28.5
28.7
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.1
29.3
29.3
29.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(BCA climate 6) – HC2A (ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater
HC2A(ii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
172.9
173.1
173.2
173.4
173.5
173.6
173.7
173.8
173.9
174.0
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
176.2
176.3
176.5
176.6
176.7
176.8
176.9
177.0
177.1
177.2
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
179.0
179.2
179.3
179.4
179.6
179.7
179.7
179.9
180.0
180.0
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
181.6
181.7
181.9
182.0
182.1
182.2
182.3
182.5
182.5
182.6
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
183.9
184.1
184.2
184.3
184.4
184.5
184.6
184.8
184.9
184.9
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
186.0
186.2
186.3
186.4
186.5
186.6
186.7
186.9
187.0
187.0
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
189.7
189.8
190.0
190.1
190.2
190.3
190.4
190.6
190.6
190.7
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
191.3
191.4
191.6
191.7
191.8
191.9
192.0
192.2
192.2
192.3
8 or more
6.25 or more
192.8
192.9
193.1
193.2
193.3
193.4
193.5
193.7
193.7
193.8
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
111
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
(BCA climate 6) – HC2A (iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (non-ducted) without precondition
HC2A(iii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
6.7
6.9
7.0
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
9.9
10.1
10.2
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.0
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
12.8
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.7
13.8
13.8
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
15.4
15.5
15.7
15.8
15.9
16.0
16.1
16.3
16.3
16.4
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
17.7
17.8
18.0
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.6
18.6
18.7
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
19.8
20.0
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.7
20.8
20.8
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
23.5
23.6
23.8
23.9
24.0
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
25.1
25.2
25.4
25.5
25.6
25.7
25.8
26.0
26.0
26.1
8 or more
6.25 or more
26.6
26.7
26.9
27.0
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(Other Places in SA) – HC2A (i) - Replacement (early retirement) of a pre-existing air-conditioner
HC2A(i)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
5.5
6.4
7.1
7.8
8.4
8.9
9.4
10.2
10.6
10.9
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
6.9
7.8
8.5
9.2
9.8
10.3
10.8
11.6
12.0
12.3
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
8.2
9.0
9.8
10.4
11.0
11.6
12.0
12.9
13.3
13.6
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
9.3
10.2
10.9
11.6
12.2
12.7
13.2
14.0
14.4
14.7
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
10.3
11.2
11.9
12.6
13.2
13.7
14.2
15.0
15.4
15.8
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
11.3
12.1
12.8
13.5
14.1
14.6
15.1
16.0
16.3
16.7
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
12.9
13.7
14.4
15.1
15.7
16.2
16.7
17.6
17.9
18.3
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
13.6
14.4
15.2
15.8
16.4
16.9
17.4
18.3
18.6
19.0
8 or more
6.25 or more
14.2
15.1
15.8
16.5
17.1
17.6
18.1
18.9
19.3
19.6
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(Other Places in SA) – HC2A (ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater
HC2A(ii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
63.3
64.1
64.8
65.5
66.1
66.6
67.1
68.0
68.3
68.7
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
64.7
65.5
66.3
66.9
67.5
68.0
68.5
69.4
69.7
70.1
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
65.9
66.8
67.5
68.2
68.8
69.3
69.8
70.6
71.0
71.3
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
67.1
67.9
68.6
69.3
69.9
70.4
70.9
71.8
72.1
72.5
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
68.1
68.9
69.7
70.3
70.9
71.4
71.9
72.8
73.2
73.5
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
69.0
69.8
70.6
71.2
71.8
72.4
72.9
73.7
74.1
74.4
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
70.6
71.5
72.2
72.9
73.4
74.0
74.5
75.3
75.7
76.0
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
71.3
72.2
72.9
73.6
74.2
74.7
75.2
76.0
76.4
76.7
8 or more
6.25 or more
72.0
72.8
73.5
74.2
74.8
75.3
75.8
76.7
77.0
77.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(Other Places in SA) – HC2A (iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (non-ducted) without precondition
HC2A(iii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.3
5.1
5.9
6.6
7.1
7.7
8.2
9.0
9.4
9.7
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
5.7
6.6
7.3
8.0
8.6
9.1
9.6
10.4
10.8
11.1
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
7.0
7.8
8.6
9.2
9.8
10.3
10.8
11.7
12.0
12.4
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
8.1
8.9
9.7
10.3
10.9
11.5
12.0
12.8
13.2
13.5
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
9.1
10.0
10.7
11.4
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.8
14.2
14.5
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
10.0
10.9
11.6
12.3
12.9
13.4
13.9
14.7
15.1
15.5
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
11.7
12.5
13.2
13.9
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.4
16.7
17.1
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
12.4
13.2
13.9
14.6
15.2
15.7
16.2
17.1
17.4
17.8
8 or more
6.25 or more
13.0
13.9
14.6
15.3
15.8
16.4
16.9
17.7
18.1
18.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
112
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
5.2.2 HC2B: New Reverse Cycle Air-conditioner (Ducted or multi-split)
Default lifetime normalised energy savings for each case is based on the
methodology adopted in the 2014 review of the REES program (EES 2014) with
updates to assumptions as detailed in this report and is given by:
 H
H
C
C




Default savings = 
  0.9 13  Z
 RH MH  DE RC MC  DE 
Where:
H is a climate related total heating load in GJ/year
C is a climate related total cooling load in GJ/year
0.9 is a program related discount factor (see Section 2.2.5)
13 is the assumed life in years (see Section 2.2.5)
Z is the assumed zoning factor (constrains the whole of house loads)
RH is the reference heating performance in W/W (ACOP)
RC is the reference cooling performance in W/W (AEER)
MH is the registered heating ACOP at rated capacity in accordance with
AS/NZS3823.2 of the eligible product being installed
MC is the registered heating ACOP at rated capacity in accordance with
AS/NZS3823.2 of the eligible product being installed
DE = Assumed duct efficiency (85%)
Default energy savings are in GJ of electricity over the product lifetime
Values for each of the variables is given below.
Table 39: Activity HC2A - Variables for calculation of default savings factors
Climate
Incumbent Type
H
C GJ/y
Z
RH
GJ/y
BCA Climate Zone 6
Pre-existing
71.52
3.11
0.7
1.0
Resistance Elec Panel
All other areas
Pre-existing
31.40
16.51
0.7
1.0
Resistance Elec Panel
1
BCA Climate Zone 6
Pre-existing
71.52
3.11
0.7
0.8
Resistance Elec Slab
1
All other areas
Pre-existing
31.40
16.51
0.7
0.8
Resistance Elec Slab
BCA Climate Zone 6
Any (No pre-condition)
71.52
3.11
0.7
3.6
All other areas
Any (No pre-condition)
31.40
16.51
0.7
3.6
RC
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.4
3.4
Note 1: Includes for assumed losses to ground of 20%
In Table 39, the reference for a system where no existing system is specified is the
current market average, which is a heating COP of 3.6 and a cooling EER of 3.4. In
the case where an existing electric resistance heater is replaced, the reference
heating efficiency is a COP of 1 for panel heaters and 0.8 for slab heaters (assumes
some losses). In this case it is assumed that there is no existing cooling (N/A), so all
cooling energy used by the new system is counted as a negative saving.
Based on the above formula the following tables detail the energy savings for each
sub-activity within each of the two climate options. Note that the simple average COP
and EER within each bin is assumed when calculating energy saving factors, as set
out previously in this report.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
113
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 40: Activity HC2B – Normalised Energy Savings Tables (2 climates, 3 options)
(BCA climate 6) – HC2B (i) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – panel type
HC2B(i)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
420.5
421.0
421.4
421.8
422.1
422.4
422.7
423.1
423.3
423.5
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
429.0
429.5
429.9
430.3
430.6
430.9
431.2
431.6
431.9
432.0
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
436.7
437.1
437.5
437.9
438.2
438.5
438.8
439.3
439.5
439.7
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
443.5
444.0
444.4
444.8
445.1
445.4
445.7
446.2
446.4
446.6
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
449.8
450.3
450.7
451.1
451.4
451.7
452.0
452.4
452.6
452.8
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
460.7
461.2
461.6
462.0
462.3
462.6
462.9
463.3
463.6
463.7
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
465.5
466.0
466.4
466.8
467.1
467.4
467.7
468.1
468.3
468.5
8 or more
6.25 or more
469.9
470.4
470.8
471.2
471.5
471.8
472.1
472.5
472.8
472.9
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
410.951521 411.420117
411.835159
412.2053318 412.537538 412.837334
413.109242 413.583635 413.791787
413.9836128
(BCA climate 6) – HC2B (ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – slab type
HC2B(ii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
557.4
557.9
558.3
558.6
559.0
559.3
559.5
560.0
560.2
560.4
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
566.9
567.4
567.8
568.2
568.5
568.8
569.1
569.6
569.8
570.0
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
575.4
575.9
576.3
576.7
577.0
577.3
577.6
578.1
578.3
578.5
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
583.1
583.6
584.0
584.3
584.7
585.0
585.2
585.7
585.9
586.1
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
590.0
590.5
590.9
591.2
591.6
591.9
592.1
592.6
592.8
593.0
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
596.2
596.7
597.1
597.5
597.8
598.1
598.4
598.9
599.1
599.3
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
607.1
607.6
608.0
608.4
608.7
609.0
609.3
609.8
610.0
610.2
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
611.9
612.4
612.8
613.2
613.5
613.8
614.1
614.6
614.8
615.0
8 or more
6.25 or more
616.3
616.8
617.2
617.6
617.9
618.2
618.5
619.0
619.2
619.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(BCA climate 6) – HC2B (iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (ducted or multi-split)
HC2B(iii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
25.4
25.9
26.3
26.7
27.0
27.3
27.6
28.1
28.3
28.5
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
35.0
35.5
35.9
36.2
36.6
36.9
37.1
37.6
37.8
38.0
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
43.5
44.0
44.4
44.8
45.1
45.4
45.7
46.1
46.3
46.5
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
51.1
51.6
52.0
52.4
52.7
53.0
53.3
53.8
54.0
54.2
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
58.0
58.5
58.9
59.3
59.6
59.9
60.2
60.7
60.9
61.1
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
64.3
64.8
65.2
65.5
65.9
66.2
66.5
66.9
67.1
67.3
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
75.2
75.7
76.1
76.5
76.8
77.1
77.4
77.8
78.0
78.2
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
80.0
80.5
80.9
81.2
81.6
81.9
82.1
82.6
82.8
83.0
8 or more
6.25 or more
84.4
84.9
85.3
85.7
86.0
86.3
86.6
87.0
87.2
87.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(Other Places in SA) – HC2B (i) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – panel type
HC2B(i)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
142.8
145.3
147.5
149.4
151.2
152.8
154.2
156.7
157.8
158.9
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
147.0
149.4
151.6
153.6
155.4
157.0
158.4
160.9
162.0
163.1
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
150.7
153.2
155.4
157.4
159.1
160.7
162.2
164.7
165.8
166.8
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
154.0
156.5
158.7
160.7
162.5
164.1
165.5
168.0
169.1
170.1
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
157.1
159.6
161.8
163.7
165.5
167.1
168.5
171.1
172.2
173.2
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
159.8
162.3
164.5
166.5
168.2
169.8
171.3
173.8
174.9
175.9
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
164.6
167.1
169.3
171.3
173.0
174.6
176.1
178.6
179.7
180.7
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
166.7
169.2
171.4
173.4
175.1
176.7
178.2
180.7
181.8
182.8
8 or more
6.25 or more
168.7
171.1
173.3
175.3
177.1
178.7
180.1
182.6
183.7
184.8
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
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114
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
(Other Places in SA) – HC2B (ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – slab type
HC2B(ii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
207.1
209.5
211.7
213.7
215.5
217.1
218.5
221.0
222.1
223.2
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
211.2
213.7
215.9
217.9
219.7
221.3
222.7
225.2
226.3
227.3
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
215.0
217.5
219.7
221.6
223.4
225.0
226.4
229.0
230.1
231.1
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
218.3
220.8
223.0
225.0
226.8
228.4
229.8
232.3
233.4
234.4
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
221.4
223.9
226.1
228.0
229.8
231.4
232.8
235.3
236.4
237.5
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
224.1
226.6
228.8
230.8
232.5
234.1
235.6
238.1
239.2
240.2
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
228.9
231.4
233.6
235.6
237.3
238.9
240.4
242.9
244.0
245.0
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
231.0
233.5
235.7
237.7
239.4
241.0
242.5
245.0
246.1
247.1
8 or more
6.25 or more
232.9
235.4
237.6
239.6
241.4
243.0
244.4
246.9
248.0
249.0
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(Other Places in SA) – HC2B (iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (ducted or multi-split)
HC2B(iii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
Heating Stars
ACOP
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
16.4
18.9
21.1
23.1
24.9
26.4
27.9
30.4
31.5
32.5
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
20.6
23.1
25.3
27.3
29.0
30.6
32.1
34.6
35.7
36.7
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
24.4
26.8
29.1
31.0
32.8
34.4
35.8
38.3
39.4
40.5
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
27.7
30.2
32.4
34.4
36.1
37.7
39.2
41.7
42.8
43.8
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
30.7
33.2
35.4
37.4
39.2
40.8
42.2
44.7
45.8
46.8
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
33.5
36.0
38.2
40.1
41.9
43.5
44.9
47.5
48.6
49.6
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
38.3
40.8
43.0
44.9
46.7
48.3
49.7
52.3
53.4
54.4
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
40.4
42.9
45.1
47.0
48.8
50.4
51.8
54.4
55.5
56.5
8 or more
6.25 or more
42.3
44.8
47.0
49.0
50.7
52.3
53.8
56.3
57.4
58.4
5.2.3
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
6.25 or more
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
L1: Install CFL or LED General Purpose Lamp
Default lifetime normalised energy savings for each case is based on the
methodology adopted in the 2014 review of the REES program (EES 2014) with
updates to assumptions as detailed in this report and is given by:




   3.6 
 F    F 

      Lr    
 Eb    Er 
   1,000,000 
Default savings =  Pi  Li    Lr  Li  
Where:
Pi = The incumbent lamp power (W)
Li = The incumbent lamp remaining life (assumed to be 1000 hours)
Lr = The replacement lamp life (either 10,000 or 15,000)
F = Luminous Flux of the lamp (Lumens)
Eb = Efficiency of the business as usual replacement lamp (Lumens/W)
Er = Efficiency of the LED replacement lamp
Constant 3.6/1,000,000 – converts Wh to GJ
Default energy savings are in GJ of electricity over the product lifetime
Based on the above formula the following tables detail the energy savings for each
sub-activity.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 41: Default Saving Factors for Non-Directional Lamps
A
B
Removed
lamp:
Class
Typical rated
incandescen
t lamp
power (W)
C
D
Installed
Lamp:
Typical rated
halogen lamp
power (W)
Minimum
luminous
flux
(lumens)
E
F
Min. 10,000 hours
lamp life
High
Standard
Efficiency
LED
LED
Savings
Savings
Factor
Factor
0.17
0.19
G
H
Min 15,000 hours lamp
life
High
Standard
Efficiency
LED
LED
Savings
Savings
Factor
Factor
0.23
0.27
1
25
18
200
2
40
28
350
0.28
0.32
0.39
0.45
3
60
42
650
0.49
0.57
0.70
0.81
4
75
53
850
0.64
0.73
0.90
1.05
5
100
150 or
higher
70
1150
0.86
0.99
1.22
1.41
105 or higher
1800
1.32
1.53
1.89
2.19
6
Table 42: Default Saving Factors for Directional Lamps
A
B
Removed
lamp:
Class
C
D
Installed
Lamp:
G
H
Min 15,000 hours lamp
life
High
Standard
Efficiency
LED
LED
Savings
Savings
Factor
Factor
0.15
0.16
1
Typical rated
incandescen
t lamp
power (W)
25
2
40
28
250
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.26
3
50
35
350
0.24
0.26
0.31
0.35
4
60
42
460
0.30
0.33
0.40
0.44
5
75
53
600
0.39
0.43
0.51
0.57
6
100
70
810
0.52
0.57
0.69
0.76
7
120
84
990
0.63
0.69
0.83
0.93
8
150 or
higher
105 or higher
1260
0.79
0.87
1.05
1.17
Typical rated
halogen lamp
power (W)
18
Minimum
luminous
flux
(lumens)
150
E
F
Min. 10,000 hours
lamp life
High
Standard
Efficiency
LED
LED
Savings
Savings
Factor
Factor
0.11
0.12
5.2.4 L2A and L2B: Install LED Downlight
Default lifetime normalised energy savings for each case is based on the
methodology adopted in the 2014 review of the REES program (EES 2014) with
updates to assumptions as detailed in this report and is given by:
Default savings =


   3.6 
 F    F 

   
  Lr    
Pi  Li    Lr  Li  
 Eb  Bb    Er  Br 


   1,000,000 
Where:
Pi = The incumbent lamp power (W)
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Li = The incumbent lamp remaining life (assumed to be 1000 hours)
Lr = The replacement lamp life (either 10,000 or 15,000)
F = Luminous Flux of the lamp (assumed to average 525 Lumens10)
Eb = Efficiency of the business as usual replacement lamp (Lumens/W)
Er = Efficiency of the LED replacement lamp
Bb = Average Efficiency of the business as usual or incumbent ballast (assumed to
be 0.86511)
Br = Average Efficiency of the replacement ballast (applies to L2B activity only –
assumed to be electronic type with an efficiency = 0.930). If no replacement ballast
(i.e. activity L2A) then Br = Bb = 0.865
Constant 3.6/1,000,000 – converts Wh to GJ
Default energy savings are in GJ of electricity over the product lifetime
Based on the above formula the following tables detail the energy savings for each
sub-activity.
Table 43: Default saving factors for LED downlights
A
B
Activity
Min. 10,000 hours lamp
life
Standard
High
LED
Efficiency
Savings
LED
Factor
Savings
Factor
0.28
0.32
Min 15,000 hours lamp
life
Standard
High
LED
Efficiency
Savings
LED
Factor
Savings
Factor
0.37
0.43
0.30
0.40
L2A - Lamp only
replacement
L2B - Lamp and
transformer replacement
5.2.5
C
0.34
D
F
0.45
APP1A: Purchase high efficiency new Refrigerator/Freezer
Default lifetime normalised energy savings for each case is based on star rating
index calculation method (reverse engineered) within the standard AS/NZS4474.2.
Reference is also made to the methodology adopted in the 2014 review of the REES
program (EES 2014) as applicable with amendments to the underlying assumptions
as detailed earlier in this report. Default lifetime normalised energy savings is given
by:
Default savings = Base Energy – Improved Energy
Where: both the base energy and the improved energy consumption is calculated
using the following equation:
Energy consumption for base and improved cases =
e
( SRI 1)LN (1 ERF )
 C
 Cv  Vadj
0.67
f
.6
 U  1,3000
 Life  D
10
Based on a 35W QH downlight with an efficacy of 15 lumen/Watt.
Assumes 50% of incumbent ballasts are ferromagnetic with an efficiency of 0.8 and 50%
are electronic with an efficiency of 0.93.
11
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117
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Where:
e = Base of natural logarithm (2.71828)
SRI = Star Rating Index (base or improved case)
LN = Natural logarithm
ERF = Energy reduction factor as per AS/NZS4474.2 (0.23 for all Groups)
Cf = Fixed factor for labelling for the Group as per AS/NZS4474.2
Cv = Variable factor for labelling for the Group as per AS/NZS4474.2
Vadj = The product adjusted volume as per AS/NZS4474.2
U = The climate or usage factor (0.85)
Constant 3.6/1,000 – converts kWh to GJ
Life = The assumed life of the product (15 years)
D = Program Discount Factor (1.0)
Energy consumption is in GJ over the product lifetime
The key values used to calculate energy savings are set out in Table 44. Note that
the ERF is current 0.23 for all Groups. The factor to convert gross volume to adjusted
volume for each Group is set out in the table below and is based on a sales weighted
analysis of GfK data in 2014.
Table 44: Assumed values by Group for refrigerator savings tables
Group
Min
size L
Max
size L
REES
Min
SRI
Baseline
SRI
(stars)
Baseline
(ERF)
Market
average
2014
Fixed
label
Cf
Variable
label
Cv
Ratio
gross to
adjusted
1
100
500
2.0
1.35
0.9126
1.80
200
4.0
1.0
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.63
200
4.0
N/A
3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.29
200
4.0
N/A
4
100
700
2.7
2.39
0.6954
1.86
150
8.8
1.28
5T
100
700
2.7
2.39
0.6954
2.72
150
8.8
1.28
5B
100
700
2.7
2.39
0.6954
2.59
150
8.8
1.33
5S
100
700
2.7
2.39
0.6954
2.16
150
8.8
1.38
6C
100
700
3.3
2.75
0.6329
2.76
150
7.5
1.60
6U
100
400
2.5
2.00
0.7700
2.28
150
7.5
1.60
7
100
400
2.5
2.00
0.7700
2.19
150
7.5
1.60
Note: For Groups 4, 5T, 5B and 5S combined the sales weighted ratio of gross to adjusted volume =
1.31
Based on the above formula the following tables detail the energy savings for each
sub-activity. Note that the simple average size and star rating within each bin range
is assumed when calculating energy saving factors, as set out in the previous
section.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Group 1
Star Rating
Gross Volume
100 to < 150 L
2 to < 2.5 Stars
2.5 to < 3 Stars
3 to < 3.5 Stars
3.5 to < 4 Stars
4 to < 4.5 Stars
4.5 to < 5 Stars
5 to < 5.5 Stars
5.5 to < 6 Stars
6 to < 7 Stars
7 to < 8 Stars
8 to < 9 Stars
9 to < 10 Stars
10 Stars
Table 45: Default savings factors in GJ for Group 1 refrigerators
2.6
3.9
4.9
5.9
6.7
7.4
8.1
8.6
9.3
10.1
10.7
11.1
11.3
150 to < 200 L
2.9
4.2
5.4
6.4
7.3
8.1
8.8
9.4
10.1
11
11.6
12.1
12.3
200 to < 250 L
3.1
4.5
5.7
6.8
7.8
8.6
9.4
10
10.9
11.7
12.4
12.9
13.2
250 to < 300 L
3.3
4.8
6.1
7.3
8.3
9.2
10
10.7
11.5
12.5
13.2
13.7
14
300 to < 350 L
3.4
5
6.4
7.7
8.7
9.7
10.5
11.2
12.2
13.2
13.9
14.5
14.7
350 to < 400 L
3.6
5.3
6.8
8
9.2
10.2
11
11.8
12.8
13.8
14.6
15.2
15.5
400 to < 450 L
3.8
5.5
7.1
8.4
9.6
10.6
11.5
12.3
13.3
14.4
15.3
15.9
16.2
450 to < 500 L
3.9
5.8
7.4
8.8
10
11.1
12
12.8
13.9
15
15.9
16.6
16.8
Table 46: Default savings factors in GJ for Group 4, 5T, 5B and 5S refrigerators
3 to < 3.5 Stars
3.5 to < 4 Stars
4 to < 4.5 Stars
4.5 to < 5 Stars
5 to < 5.5 Stars
5.5 to < 6 Stars
6 to < 7 Stars
7 to < 8 Stars
8 to < 9 Stars
9 to < 10 Stars
10 Stars
Star Rating
2.5 to < 3 Stars
Groups 4, 5T
5B and 5S
Gross Volume
100 to < 150 L
2.6
3.6
4.7
5.7
6.6
7.4
8
8.9
9.8
10.5
11
11.3
150 to < 200 L
2.9
4.1
5.4
6.6
7.6
8.4
9.2
10.2
11.3
12.1
12.7
12.9
200 to < 250 L
3.3
4.6
6.1
7.3
8.5
9.4
10.3
11.4
12.6
13.5
14.2
14.5
250 to < 300 L
3.6
5
6.6
8
9.3
10.4
11.3
12.5
13.8
14.8
15.6
15.9
300 to < 350 L
3.9
5.5
7.2
8.7
10.1
11.2
12.3
13.6
15
16
16.9
17.2
350 to < 400 L
4.2
5.9
7.7
9.4
10.8
12.1
13.2
14.6
16.1
17.2
18.1
18.5
400 to < 450 L
4.5
6.3
8.2
10
11.5
12.8
14
15.5
17.1
18.3
19.3
19.7
450 to < 500 L
4.7
6.6
8.7
10.6
12.2
13.6
14.8
16.4
18.1
19.4
20.4
20.8
500 to < 550 L
5
7
9.2
11.1
12.8
14.3
15.6
17.3
19.1
20.5
21.5
22
550 to < 600 L
5.2
7.3
9.6
11.7
13.5
15
16.4
18.2
20
21.5
22.6
23
600 to < 650 L
5.5
7.7
10.1
12.2
14.1
15.7
17.2
19
21
22.5
23.6
24.1
650 to < 700 L
5.7
8
10.5
12.7
14.7
16.4
17.9
19.8
21.9
23.4
24.6
25.1
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
5.2.6 APP1D: Purchase a high efficiency new clothes dryer
Default lifetime normalised energy savings for each case is based on star rating
index calculation method (reverse engineered) within the standard AS/NZS2442.2.
Reference is also made to the methodology adopted in the 2014 review of the REES
program (EES 2014) as applicable with amendments to the underlying assumptions
as detailed earlier in this report. Default lifetime normalised energy savings is given
by:
Default savings = Base Energy – Improved Energy,
Where: both the base energy and the improved energy consumption is calculated
using the following equation:
Energy consumption for base and improved cases =
e
( SRI 1)LN (1 ERF )
U
3.6
 RC  53 52

 Life  D
1,000
Where:
e = Base of natural logarithm (2.71828)
SRI = Star Rating Index (base or improved case)
LN = Natural logarithm
ERF = The star rating energy reduction factor as per AS/NZS4474.2
RC = The rated capacity of the dryer as per AS/NZS4474.1
U = Assumed usage in number of loads dried per year (assumed to be 78)
52 is the number of assumed loads in AS/NZS2442.2
Constant 3.6/1,000 – converts kWh to GJ
Life = The assumed life of the product (12 years)
D = Program discount factor (for assumed free riders) = 0.9
Energy consumption is in GJ over the product lifetime
The baseline SRI for dryers is 1.6.
Based on the above formula the following tables detail the energy savings for each
sub-activity. Note that the simple average size and star rating within each bin range
is assumed when calculating energy saving factors, as set out in the previous
section.
Table 47: Default savings factors in GJ for clothes dryers
Rated Capacity
3 to < 3.5 Kg
5 to < 5.5 Stars
5.5 to < 6 Stars
6 to < 7 Stars
7 to < 8 Stars
8 to < 9 Stars
9 to < 10 Stars
10 Stars
Star Rating
4.08
4.46
5.00
5.62
6.14
6.59
6.78
3.5 to < 4 Kg
4.70
5.16
5.77
6.48
7.08
7.60
7.83
4 to < 4.5 Kg
5.33
5.85
6.54
7.34
8.04
8.61
8.87
4.5 to < 5 Kg
5.96
6.53
7.32
8.22
8.98
9.63
9.92
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Rated Capacity
5 to < 5.5 Kg
5 to < 5.5 Stars
5.5 to < 6 Stars
6 to < 7 Stars
7 to < 8 Stars
8 to < 9 Stars
9 to < 10 Stars
10 Stars
Star Rating
6.58
7.22
8.07
9.07
9.92
10.64
10.95
5.5 to < 6 Kg
7.21
7.90
8.85
9.94
10.86
11.66
12.01
6 to < 6.5 Kg
7.84
8.60
9.62
10.81
11.82
12.67
13.05
6.5 to < 7 Kg
8.47
9.29
10.40
11.67
12.76
13.69
14.09
7 to < 7.5 Kg
9.09
9.96
11.15
12.53
13.70
14.69
15.13
7.5 to < 8 Kg
9.72
10.66
11.93
13.40
14.64
15.71
16.18
8 to < 8.5 Kg
10.35
11.35
12.70
14.27
15.60
16.72
17.23
8.5 to < 9 Kg
10.98
12.03
13.47
15.13
16.54
17.74
18.27
9 to < 9.5 Kg
11.60
12.72
14.23
15.98
17.48
18.75
19.31
9.5 to < 10 Kg
12.23
13.41
15.00
16.86
18.42
19.76
20.35
10 Kg or more
12.86
14.09
15.78
17.72
19.38
20.78
21.40
Note: For combination washer dryers only star rating values of 6 or more are eligible
5.2.7 APP1F: Purchase a high efficiency new television
Default lifetime normalised energy savings for each case is based on star rating
index calculation method (reverse engineered) within the standard AS/NZS62087.2.
Reference is also made to the methodology adopted in the 2014 review of the REES
program (EES 2014) as applicable with amendments to the underlying assumptions
as detailed earlier in this report. Default lifetime normalised energy savings is given
by:
Default savings = Base Energy – Improved Energy,
Where: both the base energy and the improved energy consumption is calculated
using the following equation:
e
( SRI 1)LN (1 ERF )
U 3.6
 65.408  A  0.09344 10

 Life  D
1,000
Where:
e = Base of natural logarithm (2.71828)
SRI = Star Rating Index (base or improved case)
LN = Natural logarithm
ERF = The star rating energy reduction factor as per AS/NZS62087.2.2 (0.2)
A = Area of the screen (cm2)
65.408 is the Base Energy Consumption Factor 1 as per AS/NZS62087.2.2
0.09344 is the Base Energy Consumption Factor 2 as per AS/NZS62087.2.2
U = Hours of use (assumed to be 5.5 hours per day)
10 is the assumed hours of operation in AS/NZS62087.2.2
Constant 3.6/1,000 – converts kWh to GJ
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Life = The assumed life of the product (12 years)
D = Program discount factor (for assumed free riders) = 0.9
Energy consumption is in GJ over the product lifetime
The baseline SRI for televisions is 5.5. Conversion from screen area to screen
diagonal assumes an aspect ratio of 9:16.
Based on the above formula the following tables detail the energy savings for each
sub-activity. Note that the simple average size and star rating within each bin range
is assumed when calculating energy saving factors, as set out in the previous
section.
Table 48: Default savings factors in GJ for televisions
Screen Diagonal
Dimension (cm)
< 60 cm
7 to < 8 Stars
8 to < 9 Stars
9 to < 10 Stars
10 Stars
Star Rating
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
60 to < 70 cm
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.0
70 to < 80 cm
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.2
80 to < 90 cm
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
90 to < 100 cm
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.8
100 to < 110 cm
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.1
110 to < 120 cm
1.4
1.9
2.3
2.4
120 to < 130 cm
1.4
2.0
2.5
2.7
130 to < 140 cm
1.0
1.7
2.2
2.4
140 to < 150 cm
0.5
1.3
1.9
2.2
150 to < 160 cm
0.9
1.6
1.9
160 to < 170 cm
0.5
1.3
1.5
170 to < 180 cm
0.9
1.3
180 to < 190 cm
0.5
0.9
190 to < 200 cm
0.5
200 cm or more
0.2
Note: The black cells are where the CEC exceeds the specified cap of 242.5 kWh/year.
5.2.8
APP2: Remove and Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or
Freezer
Default energy savings for each case is based on the expected average energy
consumption for each type of product that is removed. This depends on the expected
product size and vintage. It is assumed that the old appliance would have operated
for a further 7 years in the absence of REES for both cases (primary and secondary).
Replacement of a primary refrigerator assumes that the new refrigerator is market
average new in the current year. If the new appliance also qualifies under APP1, then
additional savings can be separately claimed under that activity and added to APP2
credits.
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Reference is also made to the methodology adopted in the 2014 review of the REES
program (EES 2014) as applicable with amendments to the underlying assumptions
as detailed earlier in this report. Default lifetime energy savings is given by:
Default energy savings = V  E  ED  U 
3.6
 Life  D
1,000
Where:
V = the assumed total compartment volume of the appliance (see Table 49 below)
E = The energy consumption per gross litre of capacity of the appliance – refer
EES2014
U = The climate/usage adjustment factor – refer EES2014 (0.8 for secondary, 0.85
for primary)
ED = The energy deterioration factor to account for the age of the appliance – refer
EES2014 (1.2 for pre-1996, 1.0 for others)
Constant 3.6/1,000 – converts kWh to GJ
Life = The assumed life of the old product without REES (7 years) – refer EES2014
D = Program discount factor (1.0)
Default energy savings are in GJ of electricity over the product lifetime
Note that the previous approach under REES used the external dimensions of the
appliance in order to calculate the total external volume. This was then converted to
an estimated compartment volume. The formula above omits this step in the process.
Table 49: Assumed gross volume of appliance by type and vintage
Type
AS/NZS4474.2
Pre 1996
Groups Included
(Gross Litres)
Single Door Refrigerator ≥ 1150mm 1, 2, 3
332
Height
Single Door Refrigerator < 1150mm 1, 2, 3
128
height
Two Door Refrigerator/Freezer
4, 5T, 5B, 5S
385
Freezer Only
6U, 6C, 7
220
1996 or later
(Gross Litres)
361
111
499
317
Notes: Values have been derived from GfK sales data.
The assumed volumes are based on a sales weighted analysis of the product volume
as derived from GfK sales data for the following years:


Products deemed to have been manufactured pre 1996 = year 1995
Products deemed to have been manufactured in or post 1996 – 2005 (i.e.
assumes the product is 13 years old by 2018
Based on the above formula the following tables detail the energy savings for each
sub-activity.
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Table 50: Default savings factors in GJ for Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or
Freezer
Commercial and Other Than Priority group households
Activity
Reference
Number
Type of
Refrigerator/
Freezer
Year of Manufacture
Refrigerator/Freezer Configuration
Normalised
energy
Savings (GJ)
APP2 (1)
Main (Primary)
Pre 1996 (R12)
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
10.66
APP2 (2)
Main (Primary)
Pre 1996 (R12)
Single Door of < 1150mm height
4.10
APP2 (3)
Main (Primary)
Pre 1996 (R12)
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
12.38
APP2 (4)
Main (Primary)
Pre 1996 (R12)
Freezer only
7.06
APP2 (5)
Main (Primary)
≥ 1996, or unknown
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
5.81
APP2 (6)
Main (Primary)
≥ 1996, or unknown
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
1.79
APP2 (7)
Main (Primary)
≥ 1996, or unknown
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
8.02
APP2 (8)
Main (Primary)
≥ 1996, or unknown
Freezer only
5.09
APP2 (9)
Secondary
Pre 1996 (R12)
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
18.05
APP2 (10)
Secondary
Pre 1996 (R12)
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
6.94
APP2 (11)
Secondary
Pre 1996 (R12)
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
20.97
APP2 (12)
Secondary
Pre 1996 (R12)
Freezer only
11.96
APP2 (13)
Secondary
≥ 1996, or unknown
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
10.93
APP2 (14)
Secondary
≥ 1996, or unknown
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
3.36
APP2 (15)
Secondary
≥ 1996, or unknown
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
15.10
APP2 (16)
Secondary
≥ 1996, or unknown
Freezer only
9.58
Priority group households Only
Activity
Reference
Number
Type of
Refrigerator/
Freezer
Year of Manufacture
Refrigerator/Freezer Configuration
Normalised
energy
Savings (GJ
APP2 (17)
Main (Primary)
Any
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
10.66
APP2 (18)
Main (Primary)
Any
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
4.10
APP2 (19)
Main (Primary)
Any
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
12.38
APP2 (20)
Main (Primary)
Any
Freezer only
7.06
APP2 (21)
Secondary
Any
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
18.05
APP2 (22)
Secondary
Any
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
6.94
APP2 (23)
Secondary
Any
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
20.97
APP2 (24)
Secondary
Any
Freezer only
11.96
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5.3 New Activities
5.3.1
IHD1: In Home display Unit
Assumed performance is proposed to be based on that used under the VEET
scheme. The basis is an assumed % reduction in electrical energy consumption as
determined in the study Department of Primary Industries IHD Inclusion into ESI
scheme (Accenture 2011).
According to the Accenture study the performance of IHDs takes into account the
following factors:
 The % reduction in electricity consumption due to the IHD
 Average Household energy consumption
 The expected lifetime of the IHD
 Any discount factors
Using these factors, the REES credit would be calculated as follows
Saving = E R * E C * L * DF * RF * 0.0036
Where:
E R = The % reduction in electrical energy consumption due to the IHD
E C = Average annual household electricity consumption in SA
L = Lifetime
DF = Discount factor (free riders) assumed to be 1.0
RF = Regional Factor (see Section 4)
0.0036 = Conversion factor from kWh to GJ
Based on the analysis in Section 3.2 the following values would be applied:
Table 51: Default Savings Factors for In Home Display Units
Factor
E R = The % reduction in electrical energy
consumption due to the IHD
E C = Average annual household electricity
consumption in SA
L = Lifetime
DF = Discount factor (free riders)
assumed to be 1.0
Recommended Value
6.6%
5145 kWh Based on ACIL Allen 2015,
Electricity Bill Benchmarks for
Residential Customers: A Report to the
Australian Energy Regulator,
5 years
1.0
Simplifying the equation above by combining the constants and expressing the result
in GJ of normalised energy savings you get:
Normalised Energy Saving (GJ) = SF * RF
Where:
SF = The Savings Factor = 6.6 % * 5145 * 5 * 1 * 0.0036 = 6.1 GJ
RF = Regional Factor (see Section 4)
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
5.3.2 RDC1: Install High Efficiency Refrigerated Display Cabinets
The estimate of energy savings that are expected to be realised from this activity are
based on the assumed electricity savings associated with the installation of a
refrigerated display cabinet that meets the “High Efficiency” standard as set out in
AS1731.14 Refrigerated display cabinets Part 14: Minimum energy performance
standard (MEPS) requirements.
Based on the VEET and EEIS approach, the estimated savings represent the
difference between the energy consumption of a MEPS compliant product and that of
an equivalent product that meets the high efficiency standard.
The energy saving calculation is therefore quite simple, it is the difference in energy
consumption per 24 hours per m2 of display area between a product that just meets
the MEPS requirement and an equivalent product that meets the high efficiency
requirement. This value is then multiplied by the total display area, the expected life
of the product (in days), the discount factor (see Section 3.2) and finally any regional
factor (see Section 4). The equation is as follows:
Saving (kWh) = (E meps – E HE) * TDA * 365 * L * DF * RF
Where:
E meps = The MEPS level of daily energy consumption per m2 of display area (kWh/24
hours/m2)*
E HE = The High Efficiency level of daily energy consumption per m2 of display area
(kWh/24 hours/m2)*
TDA = Total Display Area as defined in AS 1731
365 = constant used to convert daily usage into annual usage
L = Product lifetime in years (assumed to be 8)
DF = Discount factor (free riders) assumed to be 0.8
RF = Regional Factor (see Section 4)
*Note: For self-contained RDCs the standard provides two separate levels of MEPS or HE
standard. These are for either unfrozen type cabinets (M1 or M2 class) or frozen type cabinets
(L1 or L2 class). The difference between M1 and M2 or L1 and L2 values are very minor (in
some cases they share the same MEPS and HE threshold values). Consequently in line with
the approach taken in VEET and EEIS a single value only is used to cover either M1 and M2
class or L1 and L2 class products. The single value is taken as the average of the two possible
values.
Simplifying the equation above by combining the constants and expressing the result
in GJ of normalised energy savings you get:
Normalised Energy Saving (GJ) = SF * TDA * RF
Where:
SF = The Savings Factor (as per the table below)
TDA = Total Display Area as defined in AS 1731
RF = Regional Factor (see Section 4).
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Table 52: Default Savings Factors - Refrigerated Display Cabinets
Activity
(Type of Refrigerated Display Cabinet as defined in AS 1731)
HC1
HC4
VC1
VC2
VC4 - solid door
VC4 - glass door
HF4
HF6
VF4 - solid door
VF4 - glass door
Savings Factor
25.23
34.48
72.74
58.03
83.68
55.08
58.87
17.66
92.09
92.09
Note: The savings are calculated in part on the basis of the total display area of the
cabinet (TDA). It has been observed that some suppliers grossly overstate the TDA
for their products when registering for MEPS compliance. A rough check of the TDA
should feature as part of any compliance program.
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6 Specifications – Updated / New
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Install an Efficient New Reverse Cycle Air Conditioner (Non-Ducted) ; Residential Only
Activity No.
HC2A
1. Activity Specific Definitions
Reverse cycle air conditioner (non-ducted) means a single phase non-ducted air conditioner with both heating
and cooling functions that is registered for energy labelling and MEPS under standard AS/NZS 3823.2.
ACOP means the annual coefficient of performance as defined in AS/NZS 3823.2
AEER means the annual energy efficiency ratio as defined in AS/NZS 3823.2
Fixed Resistance Electric Heater means an electric heater that utilizes a resistance electric heating element
(ACOP = 1) that is permanently fixed within the building. Portable electric heaters such as fan convectors radiant
or oil column heaters that are not permanently fixed do not qualify as a “fixed resistance electric heater”.
SRI means Star Rating Index
Priority Group Household - means households as defined in sub regulation 23(1) of Part 4 Electricity (General)
Regulations 2012 under the Electricity Act 1996, and 17(1) of Part 4 Gas Regulations 2012 under the Gas Act 1997
2. Activity Description (Summary)
Install an efficient new reverse cycle air conditioner (non-ducted). This can take one of three forms:
HC2A(i) - Replacement (early retirement) of a pre-existing room air-conditioner in working order (Priority Group
households only)
HC2A(ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater in working order
HC2A(iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (non-ducted) without any pre-condition in relation
to type of existing heating equipment (if any)
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
Any residential household in South Australia where the installed product requirements and minimum installation
requirements can be met, notwithstanding that:
Activity HC2A(i) - Replacement (early retirement) of a pre-existing air-conditioner is limited in application to
priority group households only.
In relation to activities HC2A(i) and HC2A(ii), all the pre-existing heater/s within the conditioned spaces of the
dwelling must be fully decommissioned, removed from the property and disposed of.
4. Installed Product Requirements
1. The reverse cycle air conditioner (non-ducted) must achieve the following minimum performance
standards under AS/NZS 3823.2 (2013):
a. Heating Performance, minimum 3.5 stars or minimum ACOP of 4.0
b. Cooling Performance, minimum 3.0 stars or minimum AEER of 3.75
2. The reverse cycle air conditioner (non-ducted) shall be single phase and have a rated cooling output not
exceeding 13kW.
3. Multi-split systems or water source heat pumps are not eligible.
5. Minimum Installation Requirements
1. Any reverse cycle air conditioner (non-ducted) installed must comply with AS/NZS 60335.2.40.
2. Removed pre-existing heaters shall have refrigerants and any other scheduled substances disposed of
in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand refrigerant handling code of practice as established
under the Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act 1989 (Cth).
6. Activity energy savings
The normalised energy saved per appliance (GJ) from undertaking this this activity is as per the following six
tables.
Separate tables are provided for “BCA climate zone 6” and “other places in SA” and;
Separate tables are provided for each of the 3 possible sub-activities available under this activity.
Normalised energy savings are based on the installed products heating star rating or ACOP (refer to the options
in the red coloured fields down the left hand side of each table) and its cooling star rating or AEER (refer to the
options in the blue coloured fields across the top of each table)
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ) per activity
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(BCA climate 6) – HC2A (i) - Replacement (early retirement) of a pre-existing air-conditioner
HC2A(i)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
8.6
8.7
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
11.8
11.9
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.7
12.7
12.8
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
14.6
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.6
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
17.2
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18.1
18.2
18.2
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
19.5
19.7
19.8
19.9
20.0
20.2
20.2
20.4
20.5
20.5
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
21.6
21.8
21.9
22.0
22.2
22.3
22.3
22.5
22.6
22.6
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
25.3
25.4
25.6
25.7
25.8
25.9
26.0
26.2
26.2
26.3
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
26.9
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.8
27.9
27.9
8 or more
6.25 or more
28.4
28.5
28.7
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.1
29.3
29.3
29.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(BCA climate 6) – HC2A (ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater
HC2A(ii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
172.9
173.1
173.2
173.4
173.5
173.6
173.7
173.8
173.9
174.0
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
176.2
176.3
176.5
176.6
176.7
176.8
176.9
177.0
177.1
177.2
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
179.0
179.2
179.3
179.4
179.6
179.7
179.7
179.9
180.0
180.0
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
181.6
181.7
181.9
182.0
182.1
182.2
182.3
182.5
182.5
182.6
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
183.9
184.1
184.2
184.3
184.4
184.5
184.6
184.8
184.9
184.9
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
186.0
186.2
186.3
186.4
186.5
186.6
186.7
186.9
187.0
187.0
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
189.7
189.8
190.0
190.1
190.2
190.3
190.4
190.6
190.6
190.7
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
191.3
191.4
191.6
191.7
191.8
191.9
192.0
192.2
192.2
192.3
8 or more
6.25 or more
192.8
192.9
193.1
193.2
193.3
193.4
193.5
193.7
193.7
193.8
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(BCA climate 6) – HC2A (iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (non-ducted) without precondition
HC2A(iii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
6.7
6.9
7.0
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
9.9
10.1
10.2
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.0
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
12.8
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.7
13.8
13.8
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
15.4
15.5
15.7
15.8
15.9
16.0
16.1
16.3
16.3
16.4
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
17.7
17.8
18.0
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.6
18.6
18.7
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
19.8
20.0
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.7
20.8
20.8
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
23.5
23.6
23.8
23.9
24.0
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
25.1
25.2
25.4
25.5
25.6
25.7
25.8
26.0
26.0
26.1
8 or more
6.25 or more
26.6
26.7
26.9
27.0
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(Other Places in SA) – HC2A (i) - Replacement (early retirement) of a pre-existing air-conditioner
HC2A(i)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
5.5
6.4
7.1
7.8
8.4
8.9
9.4
10.2
10.6
10.9
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
6.9
7.8
8.5
9.2
9.8
10.3
10.8
11.6
12.0
12.3
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
8.2
9.0
9.8
10.4
11.0
11.6
12.0
12.9
13.3
13.6
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
9.3
10.2
10.9
11.6
12.2
12.7
13.2
14.0
14.4
14.7
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
10.3
11.2
11.9
12.6
13.2
13.7
14.2
15.0
15.4
15.8
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
11.3
12.1
12.8
13.5
14.1
14.6
15.1
16.0
16.3
16.7
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
12.9
13.7
14.4
15.1
15.7
16.2
16.7
17.6
17.9
18.3
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
13.6
14.4
15.2
15.8
16.4
16.9
17.4
18.3
18.6
19.0
8 or more
6.25 or more
14.2
15.1
15.8
16.5
17.1
17.6
18.1
18.9
19.3
19.6
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
130
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
(Other Places in SA) – HC2A (ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing fixed resistance electric heater
HC2A(ii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
63.3
64.1
64.8
65.5
66.1
66.6
67.1
68.0
68.3
68.7
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
64.7
65.5
66.3
66.9
67.5
68.0
68.5
69.4
69.7
70.1
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
65.9
66.8
67.5
68.2
68.8
69.3
69.8
70.6
71.0
71.3
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
67.1
67.9
68.6
69.3
69.9
70.4
70.9
71.8
72.1
72.5
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
68.1
68.9
69.7
70.3
70.9
71.4
71.9
72.8
73.2
73.5
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
69.0
69.8
70.6
71.2
71.8
72.4
72.9
73.7
74.1
74.4
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
70.6
71.5
72.2
72.9
73.4
74.0
74.5
75.3
75.7
76.0
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
71.3
72.2
72.9
73.6
74.2
74.7
75.2
76.0
76.4
76.7
8 or more
6.25 or more
72.0
72.8
73.5
74.2
74.8
75.3
75.8
76.7
77.0
77.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(Other Places in SA) – HC2A (iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (non-ducted) without precondition
HC2A(iii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.3
5.1
5.9
6.6
7.1
7.7
8.2
9.0
9.4
9.7
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
5.7
6.6
7.3
8.0
8.6
9.1
9.6
10.4
10.8
11.1
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
7.0
7.8
8.6
9.2
9.8
10.3
10.8
11.7
12.0
12.4
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
8.1
8.9
9.7
10.3
10.9
11.5
12.0
12.8
13.2
13.5
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
9.1
10.0
10.7
11.4
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.8
14.2
14.5
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
10.0
10.9
11.6
12.3
12.9
13.4
13.9
14.7
15.1
15.5
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
11.7
12.5
13.2
13.9
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.4
16.7
17.1
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
12.4
13.2
13.9
14.6
15.2
15.7
16.2
17.1
17.4
17.8
8 or more
6.25 or more
13.0
13.9
14.6
15.3
15.8
16.4
16.9
17.7
18.1
18.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
7. Guidance Notes (Informative only – not mandatory)
Persons installing heating/cooling systems should have regard to the “Air Conditioning Residential Best Practice
Guideline” (2003) published by the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating (AIRAH). All
reasonable endeavours should be used to recycle removed systems.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
131
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Install an Efficient New Reverse Cycle Air Conditioner (Ducted or multi-split) ; Residential Only
Activity No.
HC2B
1. Activity Specific Definitions
Reverse cycle air conditioner (ducted or multi-split) means a ducted or multi-split air conditioner with both
heating and cooling functions that is registered for energy labelling and MEPS under standard AS/NZS 3823.2.
ACOP means the annual coefficient of performance as defined in AS/NZS 3823.2
AEER means the annual energy efficiency ratio as defined in AS/NZS 3823.2
Resistance electric heater – panel type: means a system of electric heaters capable of providing direct heating to
2
all living/bedroom areas and services an area of not less than 100 m and that utilizes a resistance electric heating
element (ACOP = 1) all of which are permanently fixed within the building. Portable electric heaters such as fan
convectors radiant or oil column heaters that are not permanently fixed do not qualify as a “Resistance electric
heater – panel type”.
Resistance electric heater – slab type: means a system of electric heating elements embedded within a dwellings
2
concrete floor system and services an area of not less than 100 m .
2. Activity Description (Summary)
Install an efficient new reverse cycle air conditioner (ducted). This can take one of three forms:
HC2B(i) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – panel type in working order.
HC2B(ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – slab type in working order
HC2B(iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (ducted or multi-split) without any pre-condition in
relation to type of existing heating equipment (if any).
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
Any residential household in South Australia where the installed product requirements and minimum installation
requirements can be met. This can include new or replacement systems.
In relation to activity HC2B(i) all the pre-existing heaters within the conditioned spaces of the dwelling must be
fully decommissioned, removed from the property and disposed of.
Wherever possible the replacement system should use the same circuit breakers in the switchboard as had been
used by the replaced system. Where this is not possible the replaced system must be disconnected at the
switchboard by a licenced electrician such that it cannot be re-activated by the householder.
4. Installed Product Requirements
1. The reverse cycle air conditioner (ducted or multi-split)
performance standards under AS/NZS 3823.2 (2013):
a. Heating Performance, minimum ACOP of 3.7
b. Cooling Performance, minimum AEER of 3.5
2. Water source heat pumps are not eligible.
must achieve the following minimum
5. Minimum Installation Requirements
1. Any reverse cycle air conditioner (ducted or multi-split) installed must comply with AS/NZS 60335.2.40.
2. Where a multi-split system is replacing a pre-existing ducted system that is to be decommissioned, the
outlets of that decommissioned system must be effectively sealed at ceiling level.
3. Removed pre-existing heaters shall have refrigerants and any other scheduled substances disposed of
in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand refrigerant handling code of practice as established
under the Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act 1989 (Cth).
6. Activity energy savings
The normalised energy saved per appliance (GJ) from undertaking this this activity is as per the following six
tables.
Separate tables are provided for “BCA climate zone 6” and “other places in SA” and;
Separate tables are provided for each of the 3 possible sub-activities available under this activity.
Normalised energy savings are based on the installed products heating star rating or ACOP (refer to the options
in the red coloured fields down the left hand side of each table) and its cooling star rating or AEER (refer to the
options in the blue coloured fields across the top of each table).
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
132
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
(BCA climate 6) – HC2B (i) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – panel type
HC2B(i)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
420.5
421.0
421.4
421.8
422.1
422.4
422.7
423.1
423.3
423.5
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
429.0
429.5
429.9
430.3
430.6
430.9
431.2
431.6
431.9
432.0
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
436.7
437.1
437.5
437.9
438.2
438.5
438.8
439.3
439.5
439.7
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
443.5
444.0
444.4
444.8
445.1
445.4
445.7
446.2
446.4
446.6
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
449.8
450.3
450.7
451.1
451.4
451.7
452.0
452.4
452.6
452.8
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
460.7
461.2
461.6
462.0
462.3
462.6
462.9
463.3
463.6
463.7
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
465.5
466.0
466.4
466.8
467.1
467.4
467.7
468.1
468.3
468.5
8 or more
6.25 or more
469.9
470.4
470.8
471.2
471.5
471.8
472.1
472.5
472.8
472.9
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
410.951521 411.420117
411.835159
412.2053318 412.537538 412.837334
413.109242 413.583635 413.791787
413.9836128
(BCA climate 6) – HC2B (ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – slab type
HC2B(ii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
557.4
557.9
558.3
558.6
559.0
559.3
559.5
560.0
560.2
560.4
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
566.9
567.4
567.8
568.2
568.5
568.8
569.1
569.6
569.8
570.0
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
575.4
575.9
576.3
576.7
577.0
577.3
577.6
578.1
578.3
578.5
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
583.1
583.6
584.0
584.3
584.7
585.0
585.2
585.7
585.9
586.1
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
590.0
590.5
590.9
591.2
591.6
591.9
592.1
592.6
592.8
593.0
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
596.2
596.7
597.1
597.5
597.8
598.1
598.4
598.9
599.1
599.3
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
607.1
607.6
608.0
608.4
608.7
609.0
609.3
609.8
610.0
610.2
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
611.9
612.4
612.8
613.2
613.5
613.8
614.1
614.6
614.8
615.0
8 or more
6.25 or more
616.3
616.8
617.2
617.6
617.9
618.2
618.5
619.0
619.2
619.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(BCA climate 6) – HC2B (iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (ducted or multi-split)
HC2B(iii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 6
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
25.4
25.9
26.3
26.7
27.0
27.3
27.6
28.1
28.3
28.5
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
35.0
35.5
35.9
36.2
36.6
36.9
37.1
37.6
37.8
38.0
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
43.5
44.0
44.4
44.8
45.1
45.4
45.7
46.1
46.3
46.5
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
51.1
51.6
52.0
52.4
52.7
53.0
53.3
53.8
54.0
54.2
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
58.0
58.5
58.9
59.3
59.6
59.9
60.2
60.7
60.9
61.1
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
64.3
64.8
65.2
65.5
65.9
66.2
66.5
66.9
67.1
67.3
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
75.2
75.7
76.1
76.5
76.8
77.1
77.4
77.8
78.0
78.2
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
80.0
80.5
80.9
81.2
81.6
81.9
82.1
82.6
82.8
83.0
8 or more
6.25 or more
84.4
84.9
85.3
85.7
86.0
86.3
86.6
87.0
87.2
87.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(Other Places in SA) – HC2B (i) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – panel type
HC2B(i)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
142.8
145.3
147.5
149.4
151.2
152.8
154.2
156.7
157.8
158.9
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
147.0
149.4
151.6
153.6
155.4
157.0
158.4
160.9
162.0
163.1
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
150.7
153.2
155.4
157.4
159.1
160.7
162.2
164.7
165.8
166.8
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
154.0
156.5
158.7
160.7
162.5
164.1
165.5
168.0
169.1
170.1
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
157.1
159.6
161.8
163.7
165.5
167.1
168.5
171.1
172.2
173.2
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
159.8
162.3
164.5
166.5
168.2
169.8
171.3
173.8
174.9
175.9
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
164.6
167.1
169.3
171.3
173.0
174.6
176.1
178.6
179.7
180.7
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
166.7
169.2
171.4
173.4
175.1
176.7
178.2
180.7
181.8
182.8
8 or more
6.25 or more
168.7
171.1
173.3
175.3
177.1
178.7
180.1
182.6
183.7
184.8
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
(Other Places in SA) – HC2B (ii) - Replacement of a pre-existing resistance electric heater – slab type
HC2B(ii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
207.1
209.5
211.7
213.7
215.5
217.1
218.5
221.0
222.1
223.2
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
211.2
213.7
215.9
217.9
219.7
221.3
222.7
225.2
226.3
227.3
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
215.0
217.5
219.7
221.6
223.4
225.0
226.4
229.0
230.1
231.1
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
218.3
220.8
223.0
225.0
226.8
228.4
229.8
232.3
233.4
234.4
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
221.4
223.9
226.1
228.0
229.8
231.4
232.8
235.3
236.4
237.5
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
224.1
226.6
228.8
230.8
232.5
234.1
235.6
238.1
239.2
240.2
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
228.9
231.4
233.6
235.6
237.3
238.9
240.4
242.9
244.0
245.0
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
231.0
233.5
235.7
237.7
239.4
241.0
242.5
245.0
246.1
247.1
8 or more
6.25 or more
232.9
235.4
237.6
239.6
241.4
243.0
244.4
246.9
248.0
249.0
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
133
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
(Other Places in SA) – HC2B (iii) - Installation of a new reverse cycle air-conditioner (ducted or multi-split)
HC2B(iii)
Cooling Stars >
3 to < 3.5
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 5
5 to < 5.5
5.5 to < 6
6 to < 7
BCA 5
AEER >
3.75 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
4.25 to < 4.5
4.5 to < 4.75
4.75 to < 5
5 to < 5.25
5.25 to < 5.75 5.75 to < 6
7 to < 7.5
7.5 to < 8
8 or more
6 to < 6.25
Heating Stars
ACOP
6.25 or more
3.5 to < 4
4 to < 4.25
16.4
18.9
21.1
23.1
24.9
26.4
27.9
30.4
31.5
32.5
4 to < 4.5
4.25 to < 4.5
20.6
23.1
25.3
27.3
29.0
30.6
32.1
34.6
35.7
36.7
4.5 to < 5
4.5 to < 4.75
24.4
26.8
29.1
31.0
32.8
34.4
35.8
38.3
39.4
40.5
5 to < 5.5
4.75 to < 5
27.7
30.2
32.4
34.4
36.1
37.7
39.2
41.7
42.8
43.8
5.5 to < 6
5 to < 5.25
30.7
33.2
35.4
37.4
39.2
40.8
42.2
44.7
45.8
46.8
6 to < 7
5.25 to < 5.75
33.5
36.0
38.2
40.1
41.9
43.5
44.9
47.5
48.6
49.6
7 to < 7.5
5.75 to < 6
38.3
40.8
43.0
44.9
46.7
48.3
49.7
52.3
53.4
54.4
7.5 to < 8
6 to < 6.25
40.4
42.9
45.1
47.0
48.8
50.4
51.8
54.4
55.5
56.5
8 or more
6.25 or more
42.3
44.8
47.0
49.0
50.7
52.3
53.8
56.3
57.4
58.4
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)
7. Guidance Notes (Informative only – not mandatory)
Persons installing heating/cooling systems should have regard to the “Air Conditioning Residential Best Practice
Guideline” (2003) published by the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating (AIRAH). All
reasonable endeavours should be used to recycle removed systems.
Where a ducted air-conditioner is not star rated refer to the Air Conditioner CSV file available from
http://reg.energyrating.gov.au/comparator/product_types/64/search/ for the ACOP and AEER values. Use the
data from the AnnualOutputCOP and AnnualOutputEER columns.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Install an LED General Purpose Lamp; Residential Only
Activity No.
L1
1. Activity Specific Definitions
Integral referring to a lamp means that the power supply electronics are integrated into the lamp housing
allowing direct connection to the existing power supply (typically using a Bayonet cap or Edison screw fitting).
Standard LED means an integral LED lamp with initial efficacy of not less than 90 lm/W (non-directional lamp) or
85 lm/W (directional lamp)
High Efficiency LED means an integral LED lamp with initial efficacy of not less than 125 lm/W (non-directional
lamp) or 100 lm/W (directional lamp)
Directional Lamp: Directional lamps include types PAR, ER, R, RE, XR, YR, ZR or MR 11-16 or any other type that
has at least 80 % light output within a cone with an angle of 120°
Non-Directional Lamp: A lamp other than a directional lamp
2. Activity Description (Summary)
Replace a mains voltage incandescent or halogen lamp (non-directional or directional) with a light emitting diode
integral lamp (LED).
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
1.
The number of individual lamp replacements in any one premises shall not exceed 20, unless the recipient
causes payment to the installer for the goods and services provided.
2.
Where such payment is required, a valid tax invoice must be retained for verification purposes, clearly
showing the completion date, the address that the lamps was installed in, the name and contact details of
the person billed for the installation, and the amount charged for the installation.
3.
All equipment that is replaced must be in working order immediately prior to removal.
4.
Replaced equipment (lamp) shall have rated power according to Table L1A (non-directional lamps) or Table
L1B (directional lamps). Refer column B for tungsten incandescent and column C for halogen lamps. If
required, intermediate values of rated power are referenced to the next lower rated power.
4. Installed Product Requirements
The installed product shall—
1.
Be installed at the time of removal of the existing equipment.
2.
Have an equivalent light output to that of the replaced lamp
3.
Be either a “warm white” (rated colour temperature of 2700K to 3500K) or “cool white” (rated colour
temperature of 3500K to 4000K) lamp. The installer is required to install either warm white or cool white
according to the preference of the home owner, where no preference is provided then warm white shall be
installed.
4.
Have a measured average initial luminous flux (verified by test report - for CFLs test procedure AS/NZS
4847.1 or IEC 60969; for LEDs test procedure as required by the programs described below) of at least the
corresponding* value in column D of Table L1A (non-directional lamps) or Table L1B (directional lamps).
*Note that this should correspond to the class of replaced lamp.
5.
Provide a minimum 2 years replacement warranty.
6.
(a) Be approved under the NSW ESS or VEET scheme, or (b) demonstrate compliance with either Energy Star
Integral LED Lamps V1.4 or Energy Star Lamps V1.0 by providing, where required for verification, current
proof of program certification.
7.
For High Efficiency LEDs, demonstrate, where required for verification, through test reports from a NATA or
Energy Star recognised laboratory, a minimum initial efficacy of not less than 90 lm/W (non-directional
lamp) or 85 lm/W (directional lamp).
5. Minimum Installation Requirements
1.
2.
A person or entity undertaking this activity shall use best endeavours to ensure that any replacements are
targeted at high usage luminaires in the first instance.
All equipment replaced shall be removed from the premises and not re-used.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
3.
Installed equipment shall not be connected to a transformer, dimmer, timer, motion sensor, daylight switch
or other automated switch or control (or combination thereof) unless specified by the manufacturer as
being compatible with such device or combinations of devices.
If connected to a dimmer, the installer shall test the equipment through its full dimming range to ensure
that the equipment works to the satisfaction of the customer.
Where installed equipment causes sub-optimal operation, the installer shall either reinstall equipment
equivalent to the original equipment or replace any components of the equipment that are causing the
installation not to operate, at no expense to the resident. Such a request for reinstatement must be acted
upon if made within 20 business days of the installation of the new equipment.
4.
5.
6.
The person undertaking this activity in a residential customer’s premises must satisfy the REES Code
mandatory safety training requirements. Registered Plumbers, Gas Fitters, Electricians and Building Work
Supervisors are exempt from this requirement.
6. Activity energy savings
The normalised energy saved per lamp installed in a residential premises is equal to:
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)=Savings factor expressed in column E, F, G or H of the tables below, as applicable:
Table L1A: Non-Directional Lamps
A
Class
B
Removed
lamp:
C
D
Installed
Lamp:
Typical rated
incandescent
lamp power
(W)
Typical rated
halogen lamp
power (W)
Minimum
luminous
flux
(lumens)
E
F
Min. 10,000 hours
lamp life
High
Standard
Efficiency
LED
LED
Savings
Savings
Factor
Factor
0.17
0.19
G
H
Min 15,000 hours lamp
life
High
Standard
Efficiency
LED
LED
Savings
Savings
Factor
Factor
0.23
0.27
1
25
18
200
2
40
28
350
0.28
0.32
0.39
0.45
3
60
42
650
0.49
0.57
0.70
0.81
4
75
53
850
0.64
0.73
0.90
1.05
5
100
150 or
higher
70
1150
0.86
0.99
1.22
1.41
105 or higher
1800
1.32
1.53
1.89
2.19
6
Table L1B: Directional Lamps
A
Class
B
Removed
lamp:
C
D
Installed
Lamp:
Typical rated
incandescent
Typical rated
halogen lamp
power (W)
18
Minimum
luminous
flux
(lumens)
150
E
F
Min. 10,000 hours
lamp life
High
Standard
Efficiency
LED
LED
Savings
Savings
Factor
Factor
0.11
0.12
G
H
Min 15,000 hours lamp
life
High
Standard
Efficiency
LED
LED
Savings
Savings
Factor
Factor
0.15
0.16
1
lamp power
(W)
25
2
40
28
250
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.26
3
50
35
350
0.24
0.26
0.31
0.35
4
60
42
460
0.30
0.33
0.40
0.44
5
75
53
600
0.39
0.43
0.51
0.57
6
100
70
810
0.52
0.57
0.69
0.76
7
120
84
990
0.63
0.69
0.83
0.93
8
150 or
higher
105 or higher
1260
0.79
0.87
1.05
1.17
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
7. Guidance Notes (Informative only – not mandatory)
All reasonable endeavours should be undertaken to recycle removed equipment.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Install LED Down-light Lamp or LED Down-light Luminaire; Residential Only
L2A - ELV Down-Light Lamp Replacement
L2B - ELV Down-Light Luminaire Replacement
L2C - Ceiling Insulation Reinstatement
Activity No.
L2
1. Activity Specific Definitions
Integral ELV LED lamp means a lamp with power supply electronics integrated into the lamp housing allowing
direct connection to existing 12V power supply.
Integral MV LED lamp means a lamp with power supply electronics integrated into the lamp housing allowing
direct connection to existing mains power supply.
Mains voltage (MV) LED down-light luminaire means a mains voltage LED light fixture incorporating light source,
power supply electronics and luminaire housing that does not rely on any existing components of the replaced
equipment in order to operate.
ELV means extra low voltage, which in this context means nominal 12V a.c. or d.c.
Luminaire means apparatus which distributes, filters or transforms the light transmitted from one or more lamps
and which includes, except the lamps themselves, all the parts necessary for fixing and protecting the lamps and,
where necessary, circuit auxiliaries together with the means for connecting them to the electricity supply.
Partial re-instatement of insulation means reinstatement of ceiling insulation around the down-light, only
maintaining the minimum specified separation distance between the down-light and the surrounding insulation
(50mm) as specified in AS/NZS 3000.
Full re-instatement of insulation means complete reinstatement of ceiling insulation around and over the downlight (where permitted)
Beam Angle: the angle between the opposing points on the beam axis where the intensity drops to 50% of its
maximum
2. Activity Description (Summary)
L2A Replace ELV halogen lamp with an integral ELV LED lamp
L2B Replace ELV halogen lamp and transformer with an integral MV LED lamp or MV LED down-light luminaire.
L2C Optional with L2B - re-instate ceiling insulation.
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
1. All equipment that is replaced must be in working order immediately prior to removal.
2. Where it can be demonstrated that the lamps and transformer being replaced have not previously been
installed for the purposes of REES, activity L2B and L2C can be delivered twice per premises, providing that
all other aspects of the specification are met.
Additional Requirements for activity L2C
3. Re-instatement of ceiling insulation - the activity L2C can only be undertaken in combination with activity
L2B.
4. Installed Product Requirements
For activities L2A and L2B, the installed product shall:
1.
2.
Be installed at the time of removal of the existing equipment.
Be either a “warm white” (rated colour temperature of 2700K to 3500K) or “cool white” (rated colour
temperature of 3500K to 4000K) lamp. The installer is required to install either warm white or cool white
according to the preference of the home owner, where no preference is provided then warm white shall be
installed.
3. Have a measured average initial luminous flux (verified by test report - test procedure as required by one of
the programs described below) of at least 400 lumens.
4. Have a measured average minimum initial luminous efficacy of 85 Lumens/Watt
5. Have a minimum beam angle of 40 degrees
6. (A) Be approved under the NSW ESS or VEET scheme or (B) meet Energy Star specifications (Integral LED
Lamps V1.4 or Energy Star Lamps V1.0) by providing, where required for verification, current proof of
program certification.
7. Provide a minimum 2 years replacement warranty.
Additional Requirements for Activity L2C
8. Re-instatement of ceiling insulation - where a down-light thermal barrier is used it must comply with AS/NZS
5110.
9. Down-light thermal barriers – where used, any barrier that is used around and or over a light fitting must be
one that is approved for use with the particular light fitting by the manufacturer in their product literature
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
and must not adversely affect any aspect of the performance of the light fitting or any form of lamp that
may be fitted to that fitting.
10. Where the full re-instatement of thermal insulation option is used, the down-light or down-light in
combination with a down-light thermal barrier must be certified by the manufacturer in accordance with
AS/NZS 3000 as being suitable for operation when covered by thermal insulation material.
5. Minimum Installation Requirements
For activities L2A and L2B:
1. A person or entity undertaking this activity shall use best endeavours to ensure that any replacements are
targeted at high usage luminaires in the first instance.
2. All equipment replaced shall be removed from the premises and not re-used.
3. Installed equipment shall not be connected to a transformer, dimmer, timer, motion sensor, daylight switch
or other automated switch or control (or combination thereof) unless specified by the manufacturer as
being compatible with such device or combinations of devices.
4. If connected to a dimmer, the installer shall test the equipment through its full dimming range to ensure
that the equipment works to the satisfaction of the customer.
5. Where installed equipment causes sub-optimal operation, the installer shall either reinstall equipment
equivalent to the original equipment or replace any components of the equipment that are causing the
installation not to operate, at no expense to the resident. Such a request for reinstatement must be acted
upon if made within 20 business days of the installation of the new equipment.
6. The activity must be performed by a licensed electrical worker under the supervision of a licensed electrical
contractor.
Additional Requirements for Activity L2C
7. Re-instatement of ceiling insulation - the activity is only applicable to ceiling spaces already fitted with
ceiling insulation of at least R1.5 and where the insulation around the pre-existing down-light does not
already meet the requirements of “partial re-instatement”. The insulation used for re-instatement purposes
must have an R value equal to or greater than the pre-existing ceiling insulation (minimum = R1.5)
8. Re-instatement of ceiling insulation - the activity can only be undertaken in ceilings that abut roofs (i.e. not
internal ceilings such as between a ground floor and an upper floor of a two storey dwelling).
9. The insulation product used must be installed in compliance with the effective version of AS 3999, AS/NZS
3000 (as applicable) and the National Construction Code BCA Section J1.2. In particular the safety, preinspection and risk assessment procedures, electrical safety provisions and provisions for limiting moisture
ingress of AS 3999 shall be observed.
10. The activity must be completed and certified in accordance with any relevant code or codes of practice and
other relevant legislation applying to the activity, including any licensing, registration, statutory approval,
activity certification, health, safety, environmental or waste disposal requirements.
11. The undertaking of this activity shall not compromise the condensation management of the building.
Reference should be made to the provisions in the Australian Building Codes Board publication
“Condensation in buildings – Information handbook”.
12. The activity must be performed by a licensed electrical worker under the supervision of a licensed electrical
contractor.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
6. Activity energy savings
The normalised energy saved per activity is equal to:
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)= The relevant Savings factor in the tables below:
A
B
Activity
Min. 10,000 hours lamp
life
Standard
High
LED
Efficiency
Savings
LED Savings
Factor
Factor
0.28
0.32
0.30
0.34
L2A - Lamp only replacement
L2B - Lamp and transformer
replacement
C
D
F
Min 15,000 hours lamp
life
Standard
High
LED
Efficiency
Savings
LED Savings
Factor
Factor
0.37
0.43
0.40
0.45
Option Activity L2C
L2C1: Partial re-instatement of insulation (BCA Zones 4 & 5) (additional savings, only with L2B)
0.14160
L2C2: Full re-instatement of insulation (BCA Zones 4 & 5) (additional savings, only with L2B)
0.24729
L2C3: Partial re-instatement of insulation (BCA Zone 6) (additional savings, only with L2B)
0.20729
L2C4: Full re-instatement of insulation (BCA Zone 6) (additional savings, only with L2B)
0.37079
Options L2C1, L2C2, L2C3 & L2C4 are additional space conditioning savings that are added to the applicable lamp
replacement Option L2B savings. Options L2C1 to L2C4 are NOT available with Options L2A.
7. Guidance Notes (Informative only – not mandatory)
All reasonable endeavours should be undertaken to recycle removed equipment.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Purchase High Efficiency New Refrigerator or Refrigerator-Freezer; Residential or Commercial
Activity No.
APP1A
1. Activity Specific Definitions
Refrigerator means a refrigerating appliance registered for energy labelling and MEPS under standard AS/NZS
4474.2 classified as Group 1, 4, 5T, 5B or 5S
Gross volume is the total gross volume of all compartments as determined in accordance with AS/NZS 4474.1 in
litres
2. Activity Description (Summary)
Purchase an efficient new refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
Any compliant product sold in a retail outlet in South Australia for use in a residential or commercial premises in
South Australia.
4. Product Requirements
1. A Group 1 product shall have a total gross volume in the size range 100 to 500 litres and shall achieve a star
rating index of not less than 2.0 in accordance with AS/NZS 4474.2;
2. A Group 4, 5T, 5B or 5S product shall have a total gross volume in the size range 100 to 700 litres and shall
achieve a star rating index of not less than 2.7 in accordance with AS/NZS 4474.2.
3. The product shall have a valid registration with the GEMS regulator at the time of sale.
4. The refrigerating appliance shall not have a designation of cooled appliance under AS/NZS 4474.1.
5. The refrigerating appliance shall not be a wine storage appliance or have any compartment that is intended
exclusively for wine or beverage storage.
5. Minimum Installation Requirements
None.
6. Activity energy savings
The normalised energy saved per appliance purchased is equal to:
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)= The relevant Savings factor in the tables below.
7. Guidance Notes (Informative only – not mandatory)
1. This activity may be undertaken in conjunction with activity APP2, in which case credits for both this activity
and activity APP2 may be claimed. Note, this only applies in cases where activity APP2 relates to removal and
disposal of a main (primary) appliance and not in relation to a “secondary” appliance as defined under activity
APP2.
2.
Information
on
registration
data
for
current
models
can
be
obtained
from:
http://reg.energyrating.gov.au/comparator/product_types/28/search/.
A description of refrigerator and freezer Groups (called “Type” in the above noted website) is provided at,
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/products-themes/refrigeration/domestic-refrigeration/meps/
3. Cooled appliance has the meaning as in AS/NZS 4474.1, being an appliance which cannot be classified as a
refrigerator, refrigerator/freezer or freezer.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
141
8 to < 9 Stars
9 to < 10 Stars
10 Stars
10.1
10.7
11.1
11.3
150 to < 200 L
2.9
4.2
5.4
6.4
7.3
8.1
8.8
9.4
10.1
11
11.6
12.1
12.3
200 to < 250 L
3.1
4.5
5.7
6.8
7.8
8.6
9.4
10
10.9
11.7
12.4
12.9
13.2
250 to < 300 L
3.3
4.8
6.1
7.3
8.3
9.2
10
10.7
11.5
12.5
13.2
13.7
14
300 to < 350 L
3.4
5
6.4
7.7
8.7
9.7
10.5
11.2
12.2
13.2
13.9
14.5
14.7
350 to < 400 L
3.6
5.3
6.8
8
9.2
10.2
11
11.8
12.8
13.8
14.6
15.2
15.5
400 to < 450 L
3.8
5.5
7.1
8.4
9.6
10.6
11.5
12.3
13.3
14.4
15.3
15.9
16.2
450 to 500 L
3.9
5.8
7.4
8.8
10
11.1
12
12.8
13.9
15
15.9
16.6
16.8
Groups
4, 5T, 5B
and 5S
Gross
Volume
Star Rating
100 to
150 L
150 to
200 L
200 to
250 L
250 to
300 L
300 to
350 L
350 to
400 L
400 to
450 L
450 to
500 L
500 to
550 L
550 to
600 L
600 to
650 L
650 to
700 L
10 Stars
7 to < 8 Stars
9.3
9 to < 10 Stars
6 to < 7 Stars
8.6
8 to < 9 Stars
5.5 to < 6 Stars
8.1
7 to < 8 Stars
5 to < 5.5 Stars
7.4
6 to < 7 Stars
4.5 to < 5 Stars
6.7
5.5 to < 6 Stars
4 to < 4.5 Stars
5.9
5 to < 5.5 Stars
3.5 to < 4 Stars
4.9
4.5 to < 5 Stars
3 to < 3.5 Stars
3.9
4 to < 4.5 Stars
2.5 to < 3 Stars
2.6
3.5 to < 4 Stars
Gross Volume
100 to < 150 L
3 to < 3.5 Stars
Star Rating
2.7 to < 3 Stars
Group 1
2 to < 2.5 Stars
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
<
2.6
3.6
4.7
5.7
6.6
7.4
8
8.9
9.8
10.5
11
11.3
<
2.9
4.1
5.4
6.6
7.6
8.4
9.2
10.2
11.3
12.1
12.7
12.9
<
3.3
4.6
6.1
7.3
8.5
9.4
10.3
11.4
12.6
13.5
14.2
14.5
<
3.6
5
6.6
8
9.3
10.4
11.3
12.5
13.8
14.8
15.6
15.9
<
3.9
5.5
7.2
8.7
10.1
11.2
12.3
13.6
15
16
16.9
17.2
<
4.2
5.9
7.7
9.4
10.8
12.1
13.2
14.6
16.1
17.2
18.1
18.5
<
4.5
6.3
8.2
10
11.5
12.8
14
15.5
17.1
18.3
19.3
19.7
<
4.7
6.6
8.7
10.6
12.2
13.6
14.8
16.4
18.1
19.4
20.4
20.8
<
5
7
9.2
11.1
12.8
14.3
15.6
17.3
19.1
20.5
21.5
22
<
5.2
7.3
9.6
11.7
13.5
15
16.4
18.2
20
21.5
22.6
23
<
5.5
7.7
12.2
14.1
15.7
17.2
19
21
22.5
23.6
24.1
5.7
8
10.
1
10.
5
12.7
14.7
16.4
17.9
19.8
21.9
23.4
24.6
25.1
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Purchase a High Efficiency New Clothes Dryer; Residential or Commercial
Activity No.
APP1D
1. Activity Specific Definitions
Electric clothes dryer means a rotary clothes dryer (tumble dryer) or the dryer part of a combination washer
dryer registered for energy labelling under standard AS/NZS 2442.2 and classified as a vented or condensing type.
Star Rating is the Star rating shown on the energy label and entered in the product registration
Rated capacity is the rated capacity of the appliance as determined in accordance with AS/NZS 2442.1 and
entered in the product registration in kg
2. Activity Description (Summary)
Purchase a high efficiency new electric clothes dryer or washer dryer
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
Any compliant product sold in a retail outlet in South Australia for use in a residential or commercial premises in
South Australia.
4. Installed Product Requirements
1. An electric clothes dryer shall achieve a star rating index of not less than 5.0 in accordance with AS/NZS
2442.2. In the case of a combination washer dryer, the minimum star rating index shall be 6.0 in accordance
with AS/NZS 2442.2.
2. The electric clothes dryer shall have a rated capacity of not less than 3.0 kg in accordance with AS/NZS
2442.1.
3. The product shall have a valid registration with an Australian or New Zealand energy regulator at the time of
sale.
5. Minimum Installation Requirements
None.
6. Activity energy savings
The normalised energy saved per appliance purchased is equal to:
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ) = The relevant Savings factor in the table below.
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Rated Capacity
3 to < 3.5 Kg
5 to < 5.5 Stars
5.5 to < 6 Stars
6 to < 7 Stars
7 to < 8 Stars
8 to < 9 Stars
9 to < 10 Stars
10 Stars
Star Rating
4.08
4.46
5.00
5.62
6.14
6.59
6.78
3.5 to < 4 Kg
4.70
5.16
5.77
6.48
7.08
7.60
7.83
4 to < 4.5 Kg
5.33
5.85
6.54
7.34
8.04
8.61
8.87
4.5 to < 5 Kg
5.96
6.53
7.32
8.22
8.98
9.63
9.92
5 to < 5.5 Kg
6.58
7.22
8.07
9.07
9.92
10.64
10.95
5.5 to < 6 Kg
7.21
7.90
8.85
9.94
10.86
11.66
12.01
6 to < 6.5 Kg
7.84
8.60
9.62
10.81
11.82
12.67
13.05
6.5 to < 7 Kg
8.47
9.29
10.40
11.67
12.76
13.69
14.09
7 to < 7.5 Kg
9.09
9.96
11.15
12.53
13.70
14.69
15.13
7.5 to < 8 Kg
9.72
10.66
11.93
13.40
14.64
15.71
16.18
8 to < 8.5 Kg
10.35
11.35
12.70
14.27
15.60
16.72
17.23
8.5 to < 9 Kg
10.98
12.03
13.47
15.13
16.54
17.74
18.27
9 to < 9.5 Kg
11.60
12.72
14.23
15.98
17.48
18.75
19.31
9.5 to < 10 Kg
12.23
13.41
15.00
16.86
18.42
19.76
20.35
10 Kg or more
12.86
14.09
15.78
17.72
19.38
20.78
21.40
Note: The dryer component of an eligible washer dryer must achieve a star rating of not less than 6.
7. Guidance Notes (Informative only – not mandatory)
Information
on
registration
data
for
current
models
http://reg.energyrating.gov.au/comparator/product_types/35/search/.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
can
be
obtained
from:
144
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Purchase a High Efficiency New Television; Residential or Commercial
Activity No.
APP1F
1. Activity Specific Definitions
Television means a television registered for energy labelling and MEPS under standard AS/NZS 62087.2.2.
Star Rating is the Star rating shown on the energy label and entered in the product registration
Screen area is the rated screen area of the appliance as determined in accordance with AS/NZS 62087.1 and
entered in the product registration in square centimetres.
2. Activity Description (Summary)
Purchase an efficient new television.
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
Any compliant product sold in a retail outlet in South Australia for use in a residential or commercial premises in
South Australia.
4. Installed Product Requirements
1. A television shall achieve a star rating index of not less than 7.0 in accordance with AS/NZS 62087.2 (Tier 2
2013) and shall have a CEC of ≤ 242 kWh/y
2. The product shall have a valid registration with an Australian or New Zealand energy regulator at the time of
sale.
5. Minimum Installation Requirements
None.
6. Activity energy savings
The normalised energy saved per appliance purchased is equal to:
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ) = The relevant Savings factor in the table below.
Screen Diagonal
Dimension (cm)
< 60 cm
7 to < 8 Stars
8 to < 9 Stars
9 to < 10 Stars
10 Stars
Star Rating
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
60 to < 70 cm
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.0
70 to < 80 cm
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.2
80 to < 90 cm
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
90 to < 100 cm
1.0
1.3
1.6
1.8
100 to < 110 cm
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.1
110 to < 120 cm
1.4
1.9
2.3
2.4
120 to < 130 cm
1.4
2.0
2.5
2.7
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Screen Diagonal
Dimension (cm)
130 to < 140 cm
7 to < 8 Stars
8 to < 9 Stars
9 to < 10 Stars
10 Stars
Star Rating
1.0
1.7
2.2
2.4
140 to < 150 cm
0.5
1.3
1.9
2.2
150 to < 160 cm
0.9
1.6
1.9
160 to < 170 cm
0.5
1.3
1.5
170 to < 180 cm
0.9
1.3
180 to < 190 cm
0.5
0.9
190 to < 200 cm
0.5
200 cm or more
0.2
7. Guidance Notes (Informative only – not mandatory)
Information
on
registration
data
for
current
models
http://reg.energyrating.gov.au/comparator/product_types/32/search/.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
can
be
obtained
146
at:
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Remove and Dispose of an Unwanted Refrigerator or Freezer; Residential or Commercial
Activity No.
APP2
1. Activity Specific Definitions
Single Door Refrigerator means a refrigerating appliance that could be classified as Group 1, 2, 3, under standard
AS/NZS 4474.2 (or under AS1430).
Two Door Refrigerator/Freezer means a refrigerating appliance that could be classified as Group 4, 5T, 5B or 5S
under standard AS/NZS 4474.2 (or under AS1430). (Note: This includes products with more than 2 doors)
Freezer only means a refrigerating appliance that could be classified as Group 6C, 6U or 7 under standard AS/NZS
4474.2 (or under AS1430).
Secondary single door refrigerator means, after the removal of the target appliance, a main single door
refrigerator or two door refrigerator/freezer remains installed and operating
Secondary two door refrigerator/Freezer means, after the removal of the target appliance, a main single door
refrigerator or a two door refrigerator/freezer remains installed and operating
Secondary freezer only means, after the removal of the target appliance, a main freezer remains installed and
operating
Height means the measured external height of the refrigerating appliance from the lowest part of the cabinet
wall or door (excluding any clearance or air gap to the floor) to the top of the appliance in metres
Other refrigerator or freezer means a refrigerator or freezer that is not a secondary refrigerator or freezer. This
includes a main single door refrigerator, a main two door refrigerator/Freezer or a main freezer.
Priority Group Household - means households as defined in sub regulation 23(1) of Part 4 Electricity (General)
Regulations 2012 under the Electricity Act 1996, and 17(1) of Part 4 Gas Regulations 2012 under the Gas Act 1997
2. Activity Description (Summary)
Remove and dispose of an existing single door refrigerator, two door refrigerator/freezer or freezer only from a
residential or commercial premises.
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
Any residential or commercial premises in South Australia where the installed product requirements can be met.
More than one secondary single door refrigerator, two door refrigerator/freezer or freezer only may be removed.
4. Product Requirements
1. The target appliance must be in working order.
2. The appliance shall operate on single phase mains power (nominally 230V, 50Hz).
3. The appliance shall be a household type of refrigeration appliance that could be classified under AS/NZS
4474 or AS 1430.
4. The refrigerating appliance shall use the vapour compression cycle (absorption and piezoelectric types are
not eligible).
5. The refrigerating appliance shall not be a wine storage appliance.
6. Portable appliances, camping appliances or appliances installed in caravans are not eligible.
5. Minimum Removal Requirements
1. The single door refrigerator, two door refrigerator/freezer or freezer only must be removed from the
premises and decommissioned.
2. Removed single door refrigerator, two door refrigerator/freezer or freezer only shall have refrigerants and
any other scheduled substances disposed of in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand refrigerant
handling code of practice as established under the Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas
Management Act 1989 (Cth).
3. Removed single door refrigerator, two door refrigerator/freezer or freezer only shall be disposed of in
accordance with the Environment Protection (Waste to Resources) Policy 2010, which bans
whitegoods from disposal to landfill in South Australia
4. Where possible, the type of refrigerant used in the product shall be established from markings on the
product and recorded in the activity schedule. A product with CFC R12 refrigerant is deemed to have a year
of manufacture of before 1996.
5. For verification purposes, the following records will be retained for each appliance removed:

A photograph of the target appliance in its location prior to removal (date and location stamped)

A record of the measured height for a single door refrigerator

A record of the type of refrigerant used in the appliance, where known, as established from markings on the
appliance or compressor

Proof that the appliance has been properly disposed of, such as recycling receipts and invoices

Proof that the appliance has been degassed by technicians licensed under the Ozone Protection and
Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act 1989 (Cth)

Activity reference number being claimed from the tables below.
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
6. Activity energy savings
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ)= The relevant savings factor in the tables below
Commercial and Non-Priority group households
Activity
Reference
Number
Type of
Refrigerator/
Freezer
Year of Manufacture
Refrigerator/Freezer Configuration
Normalised
energy
Savings (GJ)
APP2 (1)
Main (Primary)
Pre 1996 (R12)
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
10.66
APP2 (2)
Main (Primary)
Pre 1996 (R12)
Single Door of < 1150mm height
4.10
APP2 (3)
Main (Primary)
Pre 1996 (R12)
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
12.38
APP2 (4)
Main (Primary)
Pre 1996 (R12)
Freezer only
7.06
APP2 (5)
Main (Primary)
≥ 1996, or unknown
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
5.81
APP2 (6)
Main (Primary)
≥ 1996, or unknown
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
1.79
APP2 (7)
Main (Primary)
≥ 1996, or unknown
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
8.02
APP2 (8)
Main (Primary)
≥ 1996, or unknown
Freezer only
5.09
APP2 (9)
Secondary
Pre 1996 (R12)
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
18.05
APP2 (10)
Secondary
Pre 1996 (R12)
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
6.94
APP2 (11)
Secondary
Pre 1996 (R12)
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
20.97
APP2 (12)
Secondary
Pre 1996 (R12)
Freezer only
11.96
APP2 (13)
Secondary
≥ 1996, or unknown
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
10.93
APP2 (14)
Secondary
≥ 1996, or unknown
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
3.36
APP2 (15)
Secondary
≥ 1996, or unknown
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
15.10
APP2 (16)
Secondary
≥ 1996, or unknown
Freezer only
9.58
Priority Group Households Only
Activity
Reference
Number
Type of
Refrigerator/
Freezer
Year of Manufacture
Refrigerator/Freezer Configuration
Normalised
energy
Savings (GJ)
APP2 (17)
Main (Primary)
Any
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
10.66
APP2 (18)
Main (Primary)
Any
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
4.10
APP2 (19)
Main (Primary)
Any
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
12.38
APP2 (20)
Main (Primary)
Any
Freezer only
7.06
APP2 (21)
Secondary
Any
Single Door of ≥ 1150mm Height
18.05
APP2 (22)
Secondary
Any
Single Door of < 1150mm Height
6.94
APP2 (23)
Secondary
Any
Two door Refrigerator/Freezer
20.97
APP2 (24)
Secondary
Any
Freezer only
11.96
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
7. Guidance Notes (Informative only – not mandatory)
1. There is no size restriction on eligible products. All reasonable endeavours should be used to recycle other
components of removed appliances
2. For non-priority group households and commercial premises, if the refrigerant cannot be established as R12 or
where the year of manufacture cannot be established, the year of manufacture shall be deemed as 1996 or later.
3. This activity in relation to the removal and disposal of a main (primary) appliance may be undertaken in
conjunction with activity APP1A in which case credits for both this activity and activity APP1A may be claimed.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Install and Commission an In Home display Unit (IHD): Residential Only
Activity No.
IHD1
1. Activity Specific Definitions
In home display Unit: A visual display device that provides feedback on electrical energy use in real time. Devices
may also display cost of energy used, and estimates of greenhouse gas emissions
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI): an electronic device that records consumption of electric energy in
intervals of an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring
and billing. Otherwise known as a “Smart Meter”
2. Activity Description (Summary)
Install and commission an In Home Display unit (IHD) to a residential building
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
Any residential household in South Australia where the installed product requirements and minimum installation
requirements can be met.
4. Product Requirements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A product that when tested by an approved laboratory in accordance with a laboratory test approved
by ESCOSA, is demonstrated to—
a. determine electricity consumption information from the sensing apparatus at least every 30
seconds; and
b. be able to store electricity energy consumption information from the previous 45 days; and
c. be able to display to the consumer (or relay to a device that is capable of displaying to the
consumer) in a numerical format and a format other than a numerical format that allows the
consumer to easily distinguish between low and high consumption—
i. electricity energy consumption information from the previous 45 days in intervals
no longer than one hour per day of information displayed and one day per week of
information displayed; and
ii. the average total household electrical power consumption (in watts) for the
displayed period, which must be updated at least every 30 seconds; and
iii. the total household electricity energy consumption (in kWh) for the displayed
period and the cost of that consumption, which must be updated at least every 30
seconds; and
d. be able to display to the consumer (or relay to a device that is capable of displaying to the
consumer) the tariff (in cost per unit of energy consumed) and the total cost of electricity
consumed for the period displayed; and
e. be able to permanently erase all consumption and tariff information held by the product
including all information entered by the consumer; and
f. have an average electric power consumption of not more than 0·6 watts when operating
under normal circumstances; and
if battery powered, uses a battery that has a manufacturer's rated lifetime of at least 5 years when
operating under normal circumstances.
is demonstrated to provide electricity energy consumption information that is accurate to within 5% of
actual electricity consumption; and
is delivered with an instruction manual in its use; and
If used in conjunction with Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI): complies with the ZigBee Smart
Energy Profile Specification published by the ZigBee Standards Organisation on 1 December 2008 and
the ZigBee Smart Energy Profile Specification version 1.1 published by the ZigBee Standards
Organisation on 23 March 2011
If NOT used in conjunction with Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI): uses, for its communications
an encrypted communication protocol that is approved by ESCOSA
Provide a minimum 2 years replacement warranty.
5. Minimum Installation Requirements
1. The activity must be performed by a licensed electrical worker under the supervision of a licensed
electrical contractor.
2. The installer must provide the householder with training in the use of the full range of features
available from the IHD at the time of commissioning.
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6. Activity Energy Savings
The normalised energy saved per household for this activity = 6.1 GJ
7. Guidance Notes (Informative Only – not mandatory)
Nil
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
Install a Self-contained High Efficiency Refrigerated Display Cabinet: Commercial Only
Activity No.
RDC1
1. Activity Specific Definitions
1. Refrigerated Display Cabinet – A cabinet cooled by a refrigerating system which enables chilled and
frozen foodstuffs placed therein for display to be maintained within prescribed temperature limits as
defined within the scope of the standard AS 1731.
2. Total display Area - Total visible product storage area, including visible area through the glazing,
defined by the sum of horizontal and vertical projected surface areas of the net volume as defined in AS
1731.14, Appendix D and as listed in the eligible product GEMS registration - refer also to the guidance
note below.
3. 3. M-package temperature class - Classification of M-package temperature according to temperatures
to warmest and coldest M-packages during the temperature test defined in AS 1731.5 - refer also to
the guidance note below.
2. Activity Description (Summary)
Installing a refrigerated display cabinet that is rated as 'high efficiency' within the meaning of the AS 1731 series
of standards.
3. Activity Eligibility Requirements
1. Any commercial site in South Australia where the installed product requirements and minimum
installation requirements can be met.
4. Product Requirements
1. The RDC must be rated as 'high efficiency' within the meaning of the AS 1731 series of standards when
tested in accordance with the AS 1731 series of standards as applicable; and
2. The RDC must be listed on the GEMS register of currently approved products and must be classified as
“High Efficiency” in the GEMS registration; and
3. This activity applies only to M-package temperature classes M1, M2, L1 and L2 (as applicable) as
defined in the AS 1731 series of standards; and
4. The activity does not cover the retrofitting of existing refrigeration equipment.
5. Minimum Installation Requirements
1. Installation must be undertaken in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
2. If electrical work is required to be undertaken then this must be performed by a licensed electrical
worker under the supervision of a licensed electrical contractor.
3. If gassing or de-gassing is required to be undertaken then this must be carried out by technicians
licensed under the Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act 1989 (Cth).
6. Activity Energy Savings
Normalised Energy Savings (GJ) = TDA x Savings Factor
Where:
TDA = The total display area of the refrigerated Display Cabinet as defined in the AS1731 series of standards and
as listed in the eligible product GEMS registration.
Savings Factor = The value as noted in the table below for the particular type of Refrigerated Display Cabinet
supplied.
Activity Reference
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Type of Refrigerated Display Cabinet
(as defined in AS1731)
HC1
HC4
VC1
VC2
VC4 - solid door
VC4 - glass door
HF4
HF6
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
Savings Factor
25.23
34.48
72.74
58.03
83.68
55.08
58.87
17.66
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
9
10
VF4 - solid door
VF4 - glass door
92.09
92.09
7. Guidance Notes (Informative Only – not mandatory)
Information
on
registration
data
for
current
models
can
be
obtained
http://reg.energyrating.gov.au/comparator/product_types/37/search/. Download the CSV file:

Total display area can be found under the column heading “total_dis”

M package temperature class can be found under the column heading “Temp_Class”

High Efficiency Status class can be found under the column heading “High Efficiency”
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
153
at:
REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
7 References
AEMO 2016, Distribution Loss Factors for the 2016 / 2017 Financial Year, Australian energy
Market Operator 2016
Accenture 2011, Department of Primary Industries IHD Inclusion into ESI scheme’
November 2011
Australian Capital Territory 2013, Energy Efficiency (Cost of Living) Improvement (Eligible
Activities) Code of Practice 2013 (No 1), Disallowable instrument DI2013–264
AS/NZS 2040, Performance of Household Electrical Appliances – Clothes Washing
Machines (Parts 1 and 2)
AS/NZS 2442, Performance of Household Electrical Appliances – Rotary Clothes Dryers
(Parts 1 and 2)
AS/NZS 3823, Performance of electrical appliances – Air conditioners and heat pumps
(Parts 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2 and 3)
AS/NZS 4474, Performance of Household Electrical Appliances – Refrigerators and
Freezers (Parts 1 and 2)
DSD 2014, South Australian Retailer Energy Efficiency Scheme - Consultation Paper on
Proposed Rees Thresholds, Metrics & Activity Specification, Department of State
Development South Australia 2014
EES 2008, Energy Use in the Australian Residential Sector: 1986 – 2020. Energy Efficient
Strategies for the Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, June 2008.
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/resources/program-publications/?viewPublicationID=2141
EES 2010a, Greening Whitegoods. Energy Efficient Strategies for the Department of
Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and E3. Includes access to raw data from GfK.
-
Greening Whitegoods - energy efficiency trends of whitegoods 1993 – 2009
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/resources/program-publications/?viewPublicationID=2149
-
Greening Whitegoods - Detailed Output Tables (2009)
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/resources/program-publications/?viewPublicationID=2167
EES 2010c, Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Policy Measures for Household Refrigeration in
Australia: An assessment of energy savings since 1986, prepared by Lloyd Harrington and
Dr Kevin Lane, EES for Department of Energy Efficiency and Climate Change, December
2010, see http://www.energyrating.gov.au/wpcontent/uploads/Energy_Rating_Documents/Library/Refrigeration/Domestic_Refrigeration/2
01010-refrigeration-evaluation.pdf
EES 2011b, Tracking the Efficiency of Televisions, for DCCEE by EES, June 2011, see
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/resources/program-publications/?viewPublicationID=2138
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
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REVIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SA REES SCHEME
EES 2011c, Discussion Paper: Clothes Washer Standards Revision Program - AS/NZS
2040.1 and AS/NZS 2040.2, Version 10, Energy Efficient Strategies for Department of
Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, October 2011.
EES 2012b, Household Refrigeration Paper 3: MEPS3 in Australia and NZ – Preliminary
Impact Assessment of New MEPS Levels, EES for E3, May 2012, see
http://www.energyrating.gov.au/wpcontent/uploads/Energy_Rating_Documents/Library/Refrigeration/Domestic_Refrigeration/P
aper3-meps-impact.pdf
EES 2013b, Independent Review of Victorian Energy Efficiency Targets: Energy Savings
Assumptions for Selected Schedules, prepared by Energy Efficient Strategies for the
Department of Environment and Primary Industries Victoria, June 2013.
EES 2014, Review of Residential Energy Efficiency Activities under the SA REES Scheme
prepared for DSD in South Australia 2014
EEIS 2013a, Energy Efficiency (Cost of Living) Improvement (Eligible Activities)
Determination 2013 (No 1).
EEIS 2013b, Energy Efficiency (Cost of Living) Improvement (Eligible Activities) Code of
Practice 2013 (No 1).
NSW Energy Savings Scheme 2009, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1995 - Notice of
Approval of Amendment of Energy Savings Scheme Rule, NSW Energy Savings Scheme
Rule (2009)
SA 2012a, South Australia Electricity (General) Regulations 2012, under the Electricity Act
1996.
STKITTS & Assoc. 2015, South Australian analysis of the ABS 2012 household energy
Consumption survey (HECS) For the Department of State Development - Energy Markets &
Programs, ST Kitts and Associates, March 2015
VaasaETT 2013, Case study on innovative smart billing for household consumers
Prepared by VaasaETT for the World Energy Council and ADEME, 2013
Victorian Energy Efficiency Target Regulations 2008, S.R. No. 158/2008, Authorised
Version incorporating amendments as at December 2016.
Final Report, Prepared for DSD by EES and BA – March 2017
155