18 December 2008
UK Purchases and Expenditure on Food and Drink and
derived Energy and Nutrient Intakes in 2007
Today Defra published “Family Food 2007”, the latest in a series of annual reports on the
Expenditure and Food Survey. The report presents trends in purchases by type of food
and converts these into energy and nutrient intakes.
The strength of this data is in its indication on trends. Much of this report looks at current short
term trends from April 2004 to December 2007.
Key messages from 2007 data
- In 2007 an average of £24.95 per person per week was spent on food and drink for
consumption within the home and £11.37 per person per week was spent on food and drink
purchased for consumption outside the home.
- Much of the data for 2007 supports already existing, often slow trends showing a reduction in
household purchases of less healthy foods. It shows downward trends in purchases of
wholemilk, white bread, non-carcase meat and meat products and soft drinks.
- Food and drink purchased for consumption outside the household has been falling for some
time and 2007 data supports this trend with decreased purchases in almost all categories.
- New data shows a drop in average energy intake per person, a big drop in intake of non-milk
extrinsic sugars and a drop in intake of sodium.
The full report and comprehensive statistics in spreadsheets can be downloaded from:
http://statistics.defra.gov.uk/esg/publications/efs/default.asp
Enquiries to:
Jim Holding, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Zone A2 3rd Floor, Foss House, Kings
Pool, 1 - 2 Peasholme Green, York YO1 7PX. Tel: ++ 44 (0)1904 455069, email:[email protected]
A National Statistics publication. National Statistics are produced to high professional standards. They undergo regular
quality assurance reviews to ensure that they meet customer needs. They are produced free from any political interference.
Further information on National Statistics can be found on the UK Statistics Authority website at:
http://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk
Table 1. shows estimated quantities of food and drink purchases for consumption within
the household in the UK between 2004-05 and 2007. Comparing 2007 with 2004-05;
•
Fruit and vegetable purchases are rising slowly. Although 2007 data shows a small
reduction in household purchases of fruit and vegetables there is still an upward trend
with a 6.5% increase since 2004-05. The small drop in purchases from 2006 to 2007 is
a small variation on a clear upward trend and is not statistically significant.
•
Fat purchases have remained fairly stable since 2004-05. However there is a move
towards purchases of natural fats such as butter with a rise of 18% since 2004-05 and
away from processed ‘reduced and low fat spreads’ fats which have dropped by 22%
since 2004-05.
•
Processed meat in the form of non-carcase meat and meat products has shown recent
signs of a downward trend with a drop of 3.1% since 2004-05.
•
Soft drinks are on a downward trend mainly due to a 15% fall in non-low calorie soft
drinks since 2004-05.
Table 2. shows estimated quantities of food and drink purchases for consumption outside
the household in the UK between 2004-05 and 2007. Comparing 2007 with 2004-05;
•
Eating out is reducing in terms of quantities eaten out. Almost all purchases of food
and drink eaten out of the home have fallen since 2004-05. 11.6% of energy was
derived from food and drink eaten out in 2007.
Tables 3 and 4. show estimated expenditure on food and drink in the UK from 2004-05 to
2006. Comparing 2007 estimates with 2004-05 shows that:
•
Total expenditure on food and drink for the household has dropped in real terms by
3.8% since 2004-05 (a rise of 8.2% in actual prices).
•
Total expenditure on food and drink not brought into the home dropped in real terms by
8.7% since 2004-05, (a rise of 0.3% in actual prices)
Table 5. shows estimates of energy and nutrient intakes in the UK in 2004-05 and 2007
derived from food and drink purchases including alcoholic drinks. Table 6 shows the
contribution of macronutrients to energy intake between 2004-05 and 2007.
Key
messages are:
•
in 2007 the percentage of food energy derived from saturated fatty acids is estimated to
be 14.5%, based on both household purchases and eating out, which is substantially
over the recommended level of 11%, this figure has fluctuated since 2001-02 with no
clear trend.
•
in 2007 the percentage of food energy derived from non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES)
was 14.0% which is above the recommended upper level of 11%. However there is a
clear downward trend in percentage energy from NMES since 2004-05 which showed
intakes at 14.8%
•
in 2007 sodium intake was 7.3% lower than it was in 2004-05. The latest data for 2007
supports the evidence of a downward trend in intake of sodium (excluding sodium from
table salt)
2
•
the fibre content of food purchases, both household and eating out, is 15 grams per
person per day which is 16% below the recommended level of 18 grams per person per
day.
Geographic patterns
Family Food 2007 contains analysis on geographic patterns across the UK. Looking at
purchases data from April 2005 to December 2007 the key findings are:
•
England had the highest purchases of fruit, vegetables and fish for household
consumption.
•
Northern Ireland had the highest purchases of potatoes for household consumption.
•
Scotland had the highest purchases of soft drinks for household consumption.
•
Wales had the highest purchases of alcoholic drinks for both eating out and household
consumption.
Across the regions of England expenditure on alcoholic drinks for both household and
eating out was highest in the North East. Household purchases of fruit was highest in
London, whilst household purchases of cereals were even throughout England.
Demographic patterns
Family Food 2007 also includes a more sophisticated approach to identifying regional and
demographic patterns in food purchases and nutrient intakes. The report uses pattern
identification by regression analysis to tease out patterns within demographics. Key
findings are:
•
The percentage of energy from NMES is strongly dependent on income, decreasing as
income rises. Households in the lowest 30% income bracket may in some cases derive
more than 20% of their energy intake from NMES.
•
In general, purchases of fruit and vegetables (excluding fruit juice for ease of analysis)
increase with income. Two adult households in the lowest three income deciles
purchase about 650 grams per person per week (about one portion per person per day)
less fruit and vegetables than adult households on a middle income.
3
Table 1. Household purchased quantities of food and drink
Number of households in sample
Number of persons in sample
2004-05
2005-06
2006
2007
6798
6785
6645
6141
%change
since
16257
16085
15848
14647
1996
497
1133
19
187
159
110
96
14
229
123
50
56
820
114
246
155
305
158
26
6
10
115
1.6
2027
475
1167
21
201
163
116
104
12
226
120
53
52
821
112
260
152
296
167
26
8
12
122
1.6
2022
490
1137
22
204
170
116
103
13
238
128
54
55
804
111
255
146
292
170
28
7
12
123
1.5
1984
432
1154
21
196
180
119
106
12
235
126
55
54
795
109
251
148
287
165
24
8
12
122
1.6
999
99
999
99
999
99
999
999
99
99
999
9
99
999
999
999
999
999
999
9
9
9
999
999
(a)
RSE
trend
since
2004-05 2004-05(b)
grams per person per week unless otherwise stated
Milk and cream
Liquid whole milk (including welfare and school milk)
Skimmed milks
Cream
Yoghurt and fromage frais
Other milks and dairy desserts
Cheese
Cheese, natural
Processed cheese
Carcase meat
Beef and veal
Mutton and lamb
Pork
Non-carcase meat and meat products
Bacon and ham (cooked or uncooked)
Poultry (cooked or uncooked)
Meat based ready meals and convenience meat products
All other meat and meat products
Fish
White fish, fresh, chilled or frozen
Herrings and other blue fish, fresh, chilled or frozen
Salmon, fresh, chilled or frozen
All other fish and fish products
Eggs
(ml)
(ml)
(ml)
(ml)
(ml)
(ml)
(no.)
-0.6
-13.1
+1.9
+13.7
+4.7
+12.6
+7.8
+10.3
-10.2
+2.5
+2.2
+9.7
-3.3
-3.1
-4.2
+2.0
-4.9
-5.8
+4.7
-5.8
+21.1
+11.1
+5.5
+2.5
P
N
N
N
N
N
P
P
P
P
N
N
182
183
184
181
999
Butter
35
38
40
41
99
+18.0
N
Margerine
11
20
18
19
99
+73.0
N
Reduced and low fat spread
68
55
57
53
999
-21.7
P
All other fats
68
70
69
68
99
+0.2
Sugar and preserves
134
129
126
125
999
-6.2
Fresh and processed potatoes
822
842
810
781
999
-5.0
P
Fruit and Vegetables
2274
2448
2454
2421
999
+6.5
N
Vegetables
+3.1
Fats
-0.2
1106
1156
1142
1140
999
Fresh green vegetables
225
235
221
224
999
-0.4
Other fresh vegetables
536
567
566
566
999
+5.7
Processed vegetables
345
354
355
350
999
+1.5
P
N
1168
1292
1313
1281
999
+9.7
N
Fresh fruit
805
856
855
855
999
+6.2
N
Processed fruit and fruit products
363
437
458
426
999
+17.4
N
280
350
366
340
999
+21.5
N
695
701
692
677
999
-2.6
P
White bread
353
336
310
304
999
-13.7
P
Brown and wholemeal bread
165
186
188
176
999
+6.8
N
Other bread
178
179
194
197
999
+10.7
N
55
60
54
54
9
-2.0
-2.9
Fruit
Pure fruit juices
(ml)
Bread
Flour
Cakes, buns and pastries
164
168
165
159
999
Biscuits and crispbreads
165
165
165
163
999
-1.5
Other cereals and cereal products
498
532
530
536
999
+7.5
High fibre breakfast cereals
54
59
60
56
99
+3.2
Sweetened breakfast cereals
34
32
30
29
99
-12.7
P
Pasta
81
89
87
92
999
+13.0
N
Other cereal convenience foods
68
71
76
71
999
+3.9
N
261
282
279
288
99
+10.3
N
56
57
55
56
999
All other cereal and cereal products
Beverages
Soft drinks (c)
N
-0.0
(ml)
1832
1718
1807
1686
999
-8.0
P
Not low calorie
(ml)
1390
1276
1273
1178
999
-15.3
P
Low calorie
(ml)
442
442
534
508
99
+15.0
N
131
123
123
129
999
-2.1
763
739
760
772
99
+1.3
Confectionery
Alcoholic drinks
(ml)
(a) Relative standard error. 3 ticks <2.5%, 2 ticks <5%, 1 tick < 10%, no ticks <20%, - not available
(b) An arrow indicates a statistically significant linear trend since 2004-05, see website for more details
(c) Converted to unconcentrated equivalent by applying a factor of 5 to concentrated and low calorie concentrated soft drinks
4
Table 2. Eating out purchased quantities of food and drink
2004-05 2005-06
Number of households in sample
Number of persons in sample
Eating Out Purchases
Alcoholic drinks
average across whole population
average excluding under 14's
Soft drinks inc. milk drinks
Beverages
(c)
Other food products
Meat and meat products
Fresh and processed potatoes
Sandwiches
Vegetables
Ice cream, desserts and cakes
Indian, Chinese or Thai food
Cheese and egg dishes or pizza
Salads
Rice, pasta or noodles
Fresh and processed fruit
Confectionery
Fish and fish products
Soups
Crisps, nuts and snacks
Bread
Biscuits and chocolate
Yoghurt and fromage frais
Breakfast cereals
2006
2007
% change
trend
6798
6785
6645
6141
since
since
16257
16085
15848
14647
2004-05
2004-05(b)
RSE(a)
grams per person per week unless otherwise stated
ml
ml
ml
ml
ml
616
616
357
141
130
91
80
81
33
29
33
25
20
15
13
18
14
10
10
8.5
3.3
2.9
0.4
597
597
351
135
130
86
74
80
31
28
30
23
20
15
14
17
14
11
10
8.4
3.2
2.5
0.3
561
561
347
129
137
81
72
78
30
28
29
23
19
15
15
14
14
10
9
7.8
3.4
2.8
0.4
503
503
312
133
132
77
67
76
29
26
34
22
17
14
14
13
13
10
8
8.0
2.8
2.8
0.6
99
99
999
99
99
999
999
999
99
999
9
99
99
99
99
99
99
9
99
99
99
9
8
-18.4
-18.4
-12.7
-5.4
+1.2
-15.0
-15.3
-6.9
-12.0
-9.5
+2.5
-8.8
-13.0
-8.2
+9.6
-30.0
-4.8
+0.7
-13.3
-5.1
-14.4
-2.0
+57.0
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
(a) Relative Standard Error: 3 ticks: < 2.5%, 2 ticks: 2.5% - 5%, 1 tick: 5% - 10%, no ticks: 10% - 20%, cross: >20%, - not available
(b) An arrow indicates a statistically significant linear trend since 2004-05, see website for more details
(c) Other food products mostly contains unspecified meals such as free school meals and free meals through work
Table 3. Expenditure on food and drink
2004-05 2005-06
Number of households in sample
Number of persons in sample
Household Expenditure
Food and non-alcoholic drinks
Alcoholic drinks
Total expenditure
Eating Out Expenditure
Food and non-alcoholic drinks
Alcoholic drinks
Total expenditure
2006
2007
%change
trend
since
since
2004-05 2004-05(b)
6798
16257
6785
16085
6645
15848
6141
14647 RSE(a)
20.39
2.66
23.05
20.91
2.65
23.56
21.55
2.73
24.28
22.14
2.81
24.95
999
999
999
+8.6
+5.7
+8.2
7.79
3.54
11.33
7.79
3.62
11.41
8.00
3.54
11.54
7.96
3.41
11.37
999
99
999
+2.2
-3.9
+0.3
£ per person per week
(a) Relative standard error. 3 ticks <2.5%, 2 ticks <5%, 1 tick < 10%, no ticks <20%, - not available
(b) An arrow indicates a statistically significant linear trend since 2004-05, see website for more details
Table 4. Expenditure on food and drink at constant 2007 prices
1975 2003-04 2004-05
Retail price index (1975 = 100)
100
2005-06
2006
% change
2007 since 200405
534
550
565
579
604
+9.8
Household food and drink
25.66
25.30
25.21
25.32
24.95
-1.4
Eating out food and drink
12.45
12.44
12.21
12.03
11.37
-8.7
All food and drink
38.11
37.75
37.41
37.36
36.32
-3.8
5
Table 5. Energy and nutrient intakes derived from food and drink purchases
including alcoholic drinks
from household
2004-05
Number of households in sample
Number of persons in sample
6798
16257
from eating out
2004-05
2007
% change
6141
6798
since
14647 2004-05
16257
combined
2004-05
2007
% change
6141
6798
since
14647 2004-05
16257
2007
% change
6141
since
14647 2004-05
average intake per person per day
Energy
kcal
Energy
2050
(a)
2052
0.1
288
268
-7.0
2338
2320
-0.7
1.2
1.1
-7.0
9.8
9.7
-0.8
MJ
8.6
8.6
0.1
Vegetable protein
g
27.5
27.8
1.0
Animal protein
g
43.2
43.1
-0.3
Total Protein
g
70.7
70.8
0.2
10.0
9.5
-4.7
80.7
80.4
-0.4
Fat
g
83
84
0.4
12
12
-5.0
96
96
-0.3
Fatty acids:
Saturates
g
33.0
33
-1.1
3.9
3.6
-6.7
36.9
36.3
-1.7
Monounsaturates
g
30.2
31
1.2
5.1
4.9
-4.5
35.3
35.4
0.4
Polyunsaturates
g
14.6
15
3.8
2.6
2.5
-3.4
17.2
17.6
2.7
mg
231
235
1.9
40
38
-3.3
270
273
1.2
Carbohydrate (b)
g
257
256
-0.4
30
27
-7.6
287
284
-1.1
Total sugars
g
123
119
-3.1
12
10
-14.1
135
129
-4.1
Non-milk extrinsic sugars
g
80
76
-5.2
9
8
-16.4
90
84
-6.3
Cholesterol
Starch
g
134
137
2.1
18
17
-3.1
152
154
1.5
Fibre (c)
g
13.2
13.4
1.3
1.8
1.8
-2.8
15.0
15.2
0.8
g
7.2
7.4
3.3
3.6
3.0
-17.3
10.8
10.5
-3.6
Calcium
mg
906
908
0.1
83
78
-6.4
989
985
-0.4
Iron
mg
11.2
10.7
-4.3
1.3
1.3
-2.9
12.5
12.0
-4.1
Zinc
mg
8.4
8.5
1.4
1.1
1.1
-5.0
9.5
9.6
0.6
Magnesium
mg
256
262
2.5
34
31
-7.5
290
293
1.3
g
2.71
2.50
-7.8
0.36
0.35
-3.6
3.07
2.84
-7.3
Alcohol
Sodium (d)
Potassium
g
2.86
2.90
1.1
0.41
0.39
-6.0
3.28
3.28
0.2
Thiamin
mg
1.56
1.48
-5.3
0.22
0.21
-4.2
1.78
1.69
-5.1
Riboflavin
mg
1.80
1.77
-1.5
0.17
0.16
-8.7
1.97
1.93
-2.2
Niacin equivalent
mg
30.8
30.2
-1.9
5.1
4.7
-6.8
35.8
34.9
-2.5
Vitamin B6
mg
2.2
2.2
0.7
0.4
0.4
-7.7
2.6
2.5
-0.6
Vitamin B12
µg
5.9
5.9
0.6
0.6
0.6
-7.2
6.5
6.5
-0.2
Folate
µg
257
264
2.8
47
44
-6.7
304
308
1.3
Vitamin C
mg
64
70
9.8
9
9
-3.1
73
79
8.1
Vitamin A:
Retinol
µg
470
476
1.1
52
47
-9.1
522
523
0.1
β-carotene
µg
1833
1905
4.0
388
377
-2.7
2221
2283
2.8
Retinol equivalent
µg
782
796
1.7
116
110
-5.5
899
906
0.7
Vitamin D
µg
2.89
2.81
-2.5
0.36
0.35
-4.1
3.25
3.16
-2.7
Vitamin E
mg
10.67
10.23
-4.1
1.84
1.76
-4.6
12.51
11.98
-4.2
(a) contributions from pharmaceutical sources are not recorded by the survey
(b) available carbohydrate, calculated as monosaccharide
(c) as non starch poly-saccharides
(d) excludes sodium from table salt
6
Table 6. Percentage contributions of macronutrients to energy intake (excluding energy
from alcohol)
from household
% change
since
2004-05
2004-05
2007
Percentage contribution from
from eating out
combined
% change
% change
since
since
2004-05
2004-05 2004-05
2004-05
2007
2007
%
37.6
37.7
+0.3
42.6
43.0
+1.1
38.2
38.3
+0.3
Saturates
%
14.8
14.7
-1.2
13.4
13.3
-0.7
14.7
14.5
-1.1
Monounsaturates
%
13.6
13.8
+1.1
17.5
17.8
+1.6
14.1
14.2
+1.0
Polyunsaturates
%
6.6
6.8
+3.7
8.8
9.0
+2.8
6.8
7.1
+3.4
%
48.3
48.1
-0.4
42.3
41.6
-1.7
47.6
47.3
-0.5
%
15.0
14.2
-5.2
13.5
12.0
-11.0
14.8
14.0
-5.7
%
14.1
14.2
+0.1
15.2
15.5
+1.4
14.3
14.3
+0.2
Fat
Fatty acids:
Carbohydrate
Non-milk extrinsic sugars
Protein
7
Further Information
1) The statistics in this Statistics Notice are supported by comprehensive Excel datasets
available
on
the
Family
Food
page
of
the
Defra
website
at:
http://statistics.defra.gov.uk/esg/publications/efs/default.asp
2) Family Spending in 2007, the report produced by the ONS (Office for National Statistics)
covering all household expenditure as collected in the Expenditure and Food Survey is
available from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=361&Pos=1&ColRank=1&Rank=272
Notes For Editors
1) Since 2001-02 the estimates are derived from the Expenditure and Food Survey run in Great
Britain by the Office for National Statistics and Defra and in Northern Ireland by the
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development in Northern Ireland.
2) Historical estimates are derived from the National Food Survey run by Defra which
terminated in 2000.
3) Energy and nutrient intakes are derived from purchases of food and drink assuming no
waste. Nutrient profiles are established by the Food Standards Agency for each of about 500
categories of food and drink based on the edible content.
4) Misreporting, usually under-reporting, is a problem in all dietary surveys. Due to its focus on
expenditure rather than diet the Expenditure and Food Survey is thought to suffer less from
misreporting than other dietary surveys.
5) Household food covers all food and drink purchases brought into the home. Items are
recorded in the form they are purchased, for example, eggs purchased and later used to
make a cake will be recorded under eggs and not under cakes. However, if a ready-made
cake is purchased, it is recorded under cakes.
6) From time to time modifications are made to the coding framework and the nutrient profiles
for food and drink items and to procedures used in assigning foods and drinks to codes.
These changes are not backdated and can appear as anomalous changes in purchases or
intakes.
8