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Jonathan Atzmon, ISE/ETM
Dr. Joan Burtner, Advisor
Last Revised 03/03/15
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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Background
 Modeling and simulation (M&S) allows for the
evaluation of process improvement activities
 Variety of applications of M&S
 History of M&S
 Arena expands the M&S market
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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Summary of Research
A Review of the Literature Concerning Queuing Theory
A Review of the Literature Concerning Modeling and Simulation
Process Improvement Using Arena Simulation Software
Discrete Event Simulation for Healthcare Organizations: A Tool for
Decision Making
5) A Guide for Building Hospital Simulation Models
6) Study on the Effect of Different Arrival Patterns on an Emergency
Department’s Capacity Using Discrete Event Simulation
7) Emergency Department Simulation and Determination of Optimal
Attending Physician Staffing Schedules
8) Designed to Fail: How Computer Simulation Can Detect
Fundamental Flaws in Clinic Flow
9) A Simulation Model of a Hospital’s Clinical Laboratory
10) Using Queuing Theory and Simulation Model to Optimize Hospital
Pharmacy Performance
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Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Home Screen
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Default Menu Bar & Toolbar
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Flowchart of the General Model
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Create Module
 Located in the Basic Process template panel
 Create Module
 Generates entities that flow through the model
 Name = Entities Arrive to Process
 Entity Type = Entity
 Type of Time Between Arrivals = Schedule
 Schedule Name = Arrival Schedule
 Schedule Module
 (Arrival Rate, Duration) = (40, 1); (35, 1); (25, 2); (0, 1);
(35, 1); (25, 2); and (35, 1)
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Process Module
 Located in the Basic Process template panel
 Simulates an amount of time for an entity to perform or undergo some
type of procedure
 Name = Process
 Logic
 Action = Seize Delay Release
 Resources
 Type = Resource
 Resource Name = Process Resource
 Quantity = 1
 Delay Type = Triangular
 Units = Minutes
 Minimum = 1
 Value (Most Likely) = 2
 Maximum = 3
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Variable & Failures
 Variable
 Placed above the Process module
 Indicates the current number of entities in the queue waiting to be
processed by the Process Resource
 Failures
 File/Template Panel/Advanced Process
 Allows for the simulation of resource downtime
 Resource Module
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Failure Name = Resource Failure
Failure Rule = Preempt
 Failures Module
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Atzmon
Type = Time
Up Time = 4 hours
Down Time = 1 hour
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Decide Module
 Located in the Basic Process template panel
 Simulates decision-making based on chance or a
condition
 Name = Decide
 Type = 2-way by Chance
 Percent True (0 – 100) = 15
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Dispose Module
 Located in the Basic Process template panel
 Removes entities from the model
 Records entity statistics for the report
 Name = Entities Depart Process
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Record Module
 Located in the Basic Process template panel
 Name = Record # of Entities Sent to True Node
 Type = Count
 Value = 1
 Counter Name = # of Times Entities Sent to True Node
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Assign Module
 Located in the Basic Process template panel
 Name = Change Entity Picture
 Assignment
 Type = Entity Picture
 Picture.Box
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Plot of the Measure of Interest
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Data Series tab/Add button
Series 1 Properties/Source Data/Expression
Basic Process Variables/Queue/Current Number in Queue
Axes tab
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Maximum value of the Time (X) Axis = 540
MajorIncrement value of the Time (X) Axis = 60
Maximum value of the Left Value (Y) Axis = 40
AutoScaleMaximum = False
 Titles tab
 Header’s Text = Number in Process Queue
 Legend tab
 Uncheck the Show Legend menu option
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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General Arena (version 14.5) Model
Running the Model
 Run/Setup
 Project Parameters
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Project Title
Analyst Name
Statistics Collection
 Reports
 Category Overview
 Replication Parameters
 Replication Length
 Base Time Units
 Number of Replications
 Run/Check Model
 Play button
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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Arena’s Input and Output Analyzer
Reduction of the Queue Length
 Scenario 1 – Base Scenario
 No changes to general model previously defined
 Scenario 2 – Probability Distribution of the Process
 Use Arena’s Input Analyzer to develop a probability distribution of
the Process delay
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Data file in the format Formatted Text (Space Delimited)
File/New
File/Data File/Use Existing
Fit/Fit All
 Weibull distribution with scale parameters (β, α) = (0.734, 0.795)
 Scenario 3 – Increased Capacity of the Resource
 In the Resource module, change the capacity of the Process
Resource from one to two
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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Arena’s Input and Output Analyzer
Reduction of the Queue Length (Continued)
 Number of Replications = 100
 Statistic module
 Name = # Entities in Process Queue
 Type = Output
 Expression = NQ(Process.Queue)
 Report Label = # Entities in Process Queue
 Output File = scenario#
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Atzmon
For # is 1, 2, or 3
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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Arena’s Input and Output Analyzer
Reduction of the Queue Length (Continued)
 One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
 Objective = Determine which scenario resulted in the
smallest number of entities in the Process queue
 Procedures
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Atzmon
Arena’s Output Analyzer/Analyze/One-Way ANOVA
Add the three data files (one for each scenario) with the
replications lumped
Comparison Method = Tukey
Confidence Level = 0.95
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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Arena’s Input and Output Analyzer
Reduction of the Queue Length (Continued)
 One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
 Purpose = Compare the mean number of entities in the
Process queue for each of the three scenarios
 Hypotheses
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Atzmon
H_0: μ_1 = μ_2 = μ_3
H_1: At least one scenario differed in the mean number of
entities in the Process queue
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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Arena’s Input and Output Analyzer
Reduction of the Queue Length (Continued)
 One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
 Results
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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Research Opportunities
 Business, industry, education, healthcare, and
government
 Process Improvement Tools
 One-Way ANOVA
 Control Charts
 Check Sheets
 Pareto Charts
 Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
 Defect Concentration Diagrams
 Scatter Plots
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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Further Opportunities
 Resources
 Courses: ISE 403 – Modeling and Simulation;
ETM 607 – Modeling and Simulation
 Dr. Scott Schultz; Dr. Pablo Biswas
 YouTube
 Other Applications
 Fit a statistical distribution to a data set using Arena’s
Input Analyzer
 Other modeling capabilities such as forklifts and
conveyor belts
 Reminder = ONE directory folder per project
Atzmon
ETM 691.001, Simulation in Healthcare, Spring 2015, Dr. Joan Burtner
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