General Design
Considerations
“Waste disposal”
Waste Disposal
1- Gas waste
air pollution
The waste gas may contains solid particles or toxic gases
The solid particles may be removed by:
Cyclones
Electrostatic precipitator
Venturi scrubber
The toxic gases may be removed by
Absorption, Scrubbing, Washing…….
The most dangerous toxic gases are SOx, NOx, Cl2, NH3
These gases cause ozone depletion where they
consume O3 through the following reactions:
SO2 + O3 = SO3 + O2
NO + O3 = NO2 + O2
Cl + O3 = ClO + O2
ClO + O = Cl + O2
O3 absorbs U.V rays which cause skin cancer and
premature aging……
Waste Disposal (cont.)
Liquid waste
water pollution
Causes of water pollution:
1. Dissolved inorganic salts ( Ca and Mg Salts)
2. Acids and alkalies
3. Suspended solids and floating matters
4. Oxygen consuming materials
5. Toxic and coloring materials
BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)
The amount of free oxygen required to oxidize the
organic matter present in the waste water by aerobic
bacteria present in it.
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
The amount of free oxygen required to oxidize the
organic matter present in the waste water by chemical
oxidants.
Solid Wastes
land (soil pollution)
Underground water pollution through leaching
operation
To solve the problem of solid wastes
Incineration and burying in concrete encased
blocks are possible solutions
Landfilling in un inhibited area
Incinerator
Landfilliing in concrete encased block