Sustainable Water
Management and
Health & Safety Impacts
Water
"Water“ is a key environmental
issue.
Presentation Outline
1. Water Pollution Problems
2. Water Quality Issues
3. Water Quality Monitoring
4. Data Processing and Utilization
5. Water Quality Modeling
6. Policy Decision from Monitoring Activities
7. Program Implementations
8. Conclusion
1.Water Pollution Problems
• Water is a key environmental issue.
• There concept of sustainable development is in managing
the environment effectively and treating the environment as
a common global good (example water).
• This is a basic discussion of a globally key environmental
issue: WATER.
• Water Demand:
• 60 % increase from 9,543 Mld in 1995 to 15,285 Mld in
2010
• 113 % increase from to 20,338 in 2020.
• Several parts of Malaysia experience severe water
shortages due to drought in 1998.
• New source works for addition supplies to meet future
needs. For e.g. water from Pahang Rivers.
2. Water Quality Issues
(Source: DOE, 2011)
2. Water Quality Issues
(Source: DOE, 2011)
2. Water Quality Issues
(Source: DOE, 2011)
2. Water Quality Issues
(Source: DOE, 2011)
2. Water Quality Issues
(Source: DOE, 2011)
2. Water Quality Issues
(Source: DOE, 2011)
3. Water Quality Monitoring
• The demand for monitoring data is expected
to grow significantly,
• On 1st January 1995, a national corporatised
private body operates the monitoring
activities based on a concession agreement
between DOE and ASMA.
• In-situ measurements of more than 6 parameters
– Turbidity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature,
pH and electrical conductivity.
• Laboratory analyses of as many as 24 other
chemical and Biological parameters.
(Source: DOE, 2011)
3. Water Quality Monitoring
(Source: DOE, 2011)
3. Water Quality Monitoring
10 Automatic water quality monitoring stations
on major rivers
• To detect changes in river water quality on a
continuous basis.
• Water Quality levels violating the ambient
standard for specific parameters will be
transmitted real-time to DOE.
• Immediate inspection will be conducted at
suspected sites.
• Currently installed at sensitive locations
including upstream of water abstraction points.
(Source: DOE, 2011)
3. Water Quality Monitoring
10 Automatic water quality monitoring stations
on major rivers
• To detect changes in river water quality on a
continuous basis.
• Water Quality levels violating the ambient
standard for specific parameters will be
transmitted real-time to DOE.
• Immediate inspection will be conducted at
suspected sites.
• Currently installed at sensitive locations
including upstream of water abstraction points.
(Source: DOE, 2011)
3. Water Quality Monitoring : River Basins
Automatic Water Quality Monitoring Stations
(Source: DOE, 2011)
3. Water Quality Monitoring : River Basins
(Source: DOE, 2011)
3. Water Quality Monitoring : River Basins
(Source: DOE, 2011)
4. Data Processing and Utilization
• Some 5,256 samples were taken
annually thereby generating over
157,600 water quality data each
year.
• Data been processed and
calculated for Water Quality Index.
(Source: DOE, 2011)
4. Data Processing and Utilization
(Source: DOE, 2011)
4. Data Processing and Utilization
(Source: DOE, 2011)
4. Data Processing and Utilization
(Source: DOE, 2011)
4. Data Processing and Utilization
(Source: DOE, 2011)
4. Data Processing and Utilization
(Source: DOE, 2011)
5. Water Quality Modeling
Modeling been widely utilised in Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) for prescribed
activities, but on small scale.
• Under the legislation, all prescribed activities are
required to submit to DOE EIA report for approval
prior to project implementation.
• Normally some modeling works are incorporated.
• Now, DOE has programs to model the river water
quality on river basin scale starting with few rivers
– including Langat River, Segget River, Tebrau
River and Rajang River.
6. Policy Decision from Monitoring Activities
River classifications for major rivers have
been completed.
• Now 24 rivers.
• Under the Eight Malaysian Plan (2001-2005)
and the Third Outline Perspectives Plan
(2001-2010), emphasis given to improve river
water quality and integrated river basin
management.
• Some rivers have been set to attain Class II.
7. Program Implementations
• Program for the pollution prevention
improvement of river water quality has been
planned and implemented as of 2001.
• 26 rivers identified.
• In 2001, the program started with 6 rivers
namely:
Langat River, Skudai River, Segget River,
Tebrau River, Melaka River and Miri River.
Rajah 1. Malaysia : Lembangan Sungai yang Terlibat Di bawah Program Pencegahan
Pencemaran Sungai dan Peningkatan Kualiti Air, Rancangan Malaysia ke Lapan
Figure 1. Malaysia : River Basins Selected under the River Pollution Prevention and
Water Quality Improvement Program, Eighth Malaysian Plan
• The program is intended to improve the
river water quality to regain its clean
status and to restore the natural beauty
and the beneficial uses of the water.
• The effort aims to ensure the sustainability
of the water uses in the basin.
Earth's Water
• Non-ocean water is a very limited resource.
• Only 3% of Earth's water is available for
human consumption but large portions are
either inaccessible or due to pollution, unfit
for human use
a) Non-ocean 3% (ground water, glaciers, inland
seas, ice caps, other)
b) Oceans 97%
• Explore the web-linking water pipe where
you will get an excellent overview and
information related to Earth’s water.
• Explore the dripping pipe at USGS.
• You should then proceed to explore
patterns of water use, again by referring to a
“dripping web-pipe”, at:
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wateruse.ht...
Sustainable Water
Use
Role of Water Management Authority in
Malaysia (Department of Irrigation and
Drainage, Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, Malaysia).
• Water Resources Management
• 3 Aspects of Water Resources Management:
i. Water in Environment Enhancement
ii. Water in Agriculture and Food Production
iii. Protection from Water as a Destructive Force
(DID, 2007)
Water treatment
WATER AS A RESOURCE
Environmental Impact and Water Conservation
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
• EIA is a formal process used to predict and assess
the environmental consequences of a
development project.
• The purpose is:
(a) to support the goals of environmental protection &
sustainable development,
(b) to integrate environmental protection and economic
decisions at the earliest stages of planning,
(c) to mitigate adverse impacts resulting from the
proposed activity; and,
(d) to provide for involvement of the public, Government
and Government agencies in the review of the
proposed activities.
http://www.tuv-sud.in/EnvImpact&WaterConservation.asp
Environmental Impact and Water Conservation
• Water Audit study is a qualitative and
quantitative analysis of water consumption
to identify means of reuse and recycling of
water.
• It not only promotes water conservation and
delivers cost savings, but also helps
companies safeguard public health &
property, improve external relations &
reduce legal liability.
• This has been recognized as necessary and
is in the process of assessments.
http://www.tuv-sud.in/EnvImpact&WaterConservation.asp
Irrigation and Drainage
• Irrigation and drainage development and
management however, will continue to be
with DID, as it is a critical input for
agriculture development.
• With the same theme, irrigation and
agriculture drainage development too will
have to be approached as a business with
new and innovative technologies.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
• Malaysia has to operate on a performance-based
system.
• Our modernization efforts will continue and the
benchmarking programs will be refined.
• We have established key performance indicators
(KPIs) for open channel system efficiency to be
increased to 60% and our water productivity to be
above 0.5 kilogram per metre cube of water.
• Efforts are already underway to study the
feasibility of converting some of the open
channels to pipelines.
Agriculture Drainage
• Agriculture drainage is a very important aspect of our
agriculture especially when we reveived an average of 3000
millimetres of rain annually.
• There are many successes at agricultural land reclamation
and drainage projects such as the 240,000 hectare Western
Johor Agriculture Drainage Project, Kalaka-Saribas in
Sarawak and the coastal plains of Peninsular Malaysia.
• But these systems need to be refined if the objectives of
the New Agriculture are to be achieved.
• Particularly challenging is agriculture in the peat and acid
sulphate soils.
• In addition, we now have to solve the frequently conflicting
drainage needs of agriculture with that for the ever
expanding urban growth centres located within the
agriculture area.
STRATEGIC DRIVERS:
a) The need to meet Customer/Clients
demand and expectation for quality data
and information
b) Competition for water
c) Declining quality for water resources
d) Increasing cost of infrastructure
development and maintenance
e) Competing demands for water
(DID, 2007)
KEY SERVICES:
i. Surface Water Resource Assesement
ii. Groundwater Resource Assessment
iii. Sustainable Water Resource Assessment
iv. Provision of adequate irrigation water
(DID, 2007)
WATER IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT
i. Surface Water Resource Assesement
ii. Groundwater Resource Assessment
iii. Sustainable Water Resource Assessment
iv. Provision of adequate irrigation water
(DID, 2007)
STRATEGIC DRIVERS:
i. The need to improve quality of life of farmers
ii. Need to implement integrated coastal zone management
to ensure sustainable exploitation of coastal resources
and environmental preservation
iii. Need to establish integrated database and information
system for coastal zone to
support integrated coastal zone management in all the
states
iv. Client demand for quality water resources.
v. Increasing nutrient load from river to the sea.
vi. Need to implement restoration/ rehabilitation works of
river environment.
(DID, 2007)
STRATEGIC DRIVERS:
vii. Need to establish Integrated River Basin Management
organizations/committees or similar at every state to plan,
manage and enforce Integrated River Basin Management
Plan (which will include catchment and urban stormwater
management).
viii.Need to establish shared inter-agency databases and
information systems on a river basin basis, to enable
planning for water resources, flood mitigation,
environmental enhancement requirements etc.
ix. Need to establish a river environment rich in aquatic life
and habitats
(DID, 2007)
KEY SERVICES
i.
Information & knowledge collation and distribution,
planning and design
ii. Preparation of guidelines and manuals
iii. Awareness programs
iv. Implementation of projects on:
i.
River conservancy
ii. River restoration and rehabilitation
iii. River recreation and landscaping
v. Provision of technical advice on proposed developments
in the coastal zone
vi. Preparation of guidelines on coastal zone management
guideline
(DID, 2007)
WATER IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION
• The need to meet the NAP 3 objectives
a) Globalization
b) Increase in income level
c) Competition for resources
• KEY SERVICES:
i. Infrastructures development
ii. Irrigation/ drainage management
(DID, 2007)
PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND LIFE FROM RIVER AND
COASTAL FORCES
• STRATEGIC DRIVERS:
a) Rising public demands for protection from flooding,
coastal and riverbanks erosion and river mouth
siltation
b) Increasing value of land and properties especially in
urban areas
c) Need to manage impact of land use changes
d) Increasing development pressure and activities in
coastal area such as land reclamation , upstream
development and sand mining activity.
e) Vast potential in tourism industry in coastal area
f) Commitment of government to the policy of
environmentally sustainable development
(DID, 2007)
PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND LIFE
FROM RIVER AND COASTAL FORCES
• STRATEGIC DRIVERS:
g) Need for government to implement integrated coastal
zone management and river erosion control and
conservancy works
h) Need to establish integrated database and information
system for:i.
coastal zone to support integrated coastal zone management in
all the states
ii.
river erosion control for planning purposes
i) Need for controlling water quantity at source to lessen
erosive forces.
j) Need for government agencies to integrate for effective
function of integrated river basin management
(DID, 2007)
KEY SERVICES:
i. Flood forecasting and warning
ii. Prevention
iii. Flood Protection
iv. Technical Advice
v. Integrated Shoreline Management
vi. Provision of coastal defense works
vii.Provision of river mouth improvement works
viii.Provision of technical advice
(DID, 2007)
• In this section you will build up your
knowledge about water use.
• You'll discover answers to the
following questions…
Key Questions
* What is most of the freshwater used for?
* Which states use the most water?
* Which states irrigated the most?
* Where did this water come from and how
was it used?
* How much water is used to produce power?
Key Questions
* Do we produce any power using steam
energy?
* What about hydroelectric power?
* Is water used for "fish farming?"
* Do we grow fish?
* Is saline water used for anything?
* How important is ground water?
OHSAS 18001: Occupation Health and Safety
Assessment Series
• OHSAS 18001 is an Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series
certification for health and safety management systems, which enables
an organization to control occupational health and safety risks and to
improve performance.
• OHSAS uses the prevention concept, i.e. prevention instead of cure.
• This is integrated in the work protection law, and states the work safety
and health protection should be treated in one complete system.
Benefits of OHSAS 18001:
• Cost reduction through improvement in work safety
• Reduction in number of accidents and absenteeism
• Increase in employee motivation
• Increased flexibility and smoother transition to changes
within the organization through more transparent
processes
• Legal security
http://www.tuv-sud.in/EnvImpact&WaterConservation.asp
To explore the answers go to
• http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mqanda.html
• Afterwards, test yourself through a simple
test on:
“What are some of the physical and
chemical properties of water?"
8. Conclusion
• Monitoring program has proven to be useful
although they can be expensive.
• Such activity becomes more important in the river
restoration and rehabilitation works to a desired
natural river conditions.
• Need to keep abreast of the technology and knowhow of river restoration and efficient monitoring
program.
• Techniques of river basin modeling can be a new
area of focus – so as to ensure the river
assimilative capacity are not exceeded.
References
• USGS. (2004). What everyone is or should be talking about:
Water
(http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/sc3.html) and
(http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mearth.html)
• Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (DID).
(2007). Water as Resource. DID, 2007.
(http://www.water.gov.my/web/) (2.2.2007).
• DOE. (2011). Water Resources Management.
Thank you…