Biology EOC Sample
Test Cheat Sheet
5.
b.
c.
d.
Below is a description of answers
(correct and incorrect) for each question.
The answer choice that is in bold is the
correct answer for the question.
a.
6.
a.
b.
Extra vocabulary words are italicized.
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
3.
D: Passive Transport (no energy):
Osmosis: Movement of water
from high to low.
Gums: higher concentration of
H20
Saltwater: Lower concentration of
H20
Water leaves the gums into the
saltwater.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Proteins: Biuret’s Solution:
Positive: Blue Purple
Starch: Lugol’s Iodine:
Positive: Yellow  black
Proteins: Biuret’s Solution:
Negative: Blue Blue
Starch: Lugol’s Iodine:
Negative: Yellow Yellow
Mitochondria: cellular
respiration: makes energy
(oval with squiggles)
Ribosome: makes proteins
(dots)
Plasma/Cell Membrane:
gatekeeper: allows some
things in/out: semipermeable
Nucleus: stores genetic
info: DNA
Same Question as 3
c.
d.
7.
Roots need to grow to
search for water: cells have
to divide so the root can
grow
Skin
Skin
Xylem and phloem
Not related to question
Same environment means
organisms may look the
similar but are made up of
different stuff: shark and
dolphin: convergent
evolution / analogous
structures
Not related to question
Divergent Evolution /
Homologous structures:
organisms have the same
bone structure but perform
different functions
C: 1st : transcribe DNA strand
into RNA
CAG TAG CGA  GUC AUC
GCU
2nd: translate RNA into proteins
by using each codon on the chart
3rd: Protein: Val – Iso – Ala
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
An AB blood parent can
never have an O kid: They
do not have the O allele (i)
to give.
An AB blood parent can
never have an O kid: They
do not have the O allele (i)
to give.
IA i X i i : 50% O (ii) blood
kids
Homozygous A (IA IA) or
Homozygous B (IB IB) can
never have an O kid because
the do not have an O allele
to give (i)
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Copying all of the DNA of
an organism to make a new
organism
Used for DNA fingerprints;
Suspect 2 did it!!
Cutting genes for gene
therapy / genetic
engineering
Modifying genes in
organisms
a.
b.
c.
d.
Gymnosperm: cones
Vascular & Seedless: Fern
Nonvascular: Moss
Flowers: Angiosperm
15.
a.
Mice are herbivores in this
food web; they do not eat
crickets
Hawk has many other things
to eat
Grass will increase slightly
because there are less
crickets to eat it
Frogs will have lost their
one source of food:
population will decrease
b.
Mix and match genes from
parents
Makes exact copies of
organisms / phenotypes
Makes exact copies of
organisms / phenotypes
Makes exact copies of
organisms / phenotypes
c.
d.
a.
a. Parent w/ PKU: recessive: bb
Parent w/o PKU alleles:
Homozygous Normal: dominant:
BB
Don’t always kill and not
important to life cycle of
parasites.
Malaria parasites live in
mosquitoes too.
Malaria parasites are not
mutualistic, they are
parasitic.
Malaria parasites must have
human cells to reproduce.
14.
16.
11.
Caused by protist
(plasmodium vivax):
carried by mosquitoes
Poor air quality
UV rays (sun)
b.
Cross BB with bb: all offspring
will be Bb (heterozygous)
c.
0% will have PKU
d.
Getting used to something
and no longer responding to
it (sleeping through alarm
clock)
Ducklings copying mommy
duck
Associating a new stimulus
with and old one
Rewards/punishments
17.
a.
b.
c.
d.
18.
19.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Used for insects/pollinators
Used to get sunlight
Used in areas of Little water
Used in areas with lots of
rainfall: plant doesn’t mind
losing water
a.
1 benefits, the other doesn’t
care ( + / 0 )
Both benefit ( + / + )
1 benefits, the other is
harmed ( + / - )
Predator / Prey (Hunter /
Hunted)
b.
c.
d.
20.
a.
b.
c.
d.
21.
22.
Chloroplast/chlorophyll
damage
Phloem damage
Xylem damage
Root damage
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
CFC’s: in Aerosols and
refrigerants (Freon) 
damage ozone
Natural: produced by
alcoholic fermentation in
plants
Natural: most of
atmosphere is nitrogen gas
Natural
23.
a.
b.
c.
d.
24.
a.
b.
c.
d.
25..
a.
b.
c.
d.
26.
B.
Substrate: structure enzyme
acts upon
Z is the product
Y is the enzyme
Step 2 is the enzyme/
substrate complex
Y produces ethyl alcohol
with is made by
fermentation: anaerobic
Explanation above
Explanation above
X produces CO2 and H20:
products of Aerobic
Respiration
Woman: no hitch thumb:
recessive: hh
Man is heterozygous for
hitch thumb: Hh
Cross Hh with hh:
Offspring: Hh, Hh, hh, hh
Carb: Starch/sugars
Lipid: fats, oils, waxes
Nucleic acids: DNA & RNA
Proteins: Hormones &
Enzymes
Getting rid of water will stop
osmosis
Destroying glucose or
chloroplasts will stop
photosynthesis
Ribosomes are the site of protein
synthesis
Destroying mitochondria will stop
respiration
Active Transport (ions
require energy to move
across membrane)
Diffusion
Diffusion
Water moving is Osmosis
50% hetero hitch Hh , 50%
homozyg normal hh
27.
a.
Sexual reproducing
increases genetic variation:
can better adapt to
environment
28.
a.
Only the first A is changed
to a C. New strand will be
CAC AAG CCC. Only the
first codon will change:
only 1 amino acid changes
29.
a.
b.
c.
d.
30.
a.
b.
c.
d.
31.
DNA fingerprinting
Gel Electrophoresis
Human insulin gene is
inserted into bacteria to
makes a lot of the insulin
genes that will then help
diabetic patients.
Herbicide resistant genes are
inserted directly into corn
33.
a.
b.
c.
d.
No related to question
Not related to question
Not related to question
Use skin to absorb Oxygen
and excrete wastes: need a
large surface area of skin to
do this
34.
a.
External Fertilization:
sperm meets egg outside
female  not mammals
Fertilized inside mother and
fetus develops inside mother
 most mammals !
External development:
means fetus develops
outside of mother  not
typical of mammals:
exception: monotremes:
duck-billed platypus
Can’t be aerobic because
there was no Oxygen on
early earth
Simple and no oxygen
needed
Euk. is too complex
Euk. is too complex
b.
c.
Pedigree is showing recessive
disorder (according to
directions)
D.
d.
35.
d.
Linnaeus :Plants and
Animals : Aristotle used
this too
36.
a.
b.
c.
Only will remember measles
Only will remember measles
Key word in question:
recognize
B-cellls will remember the
measles virus
 no
Shaded: recessive (h)
Unshaded: dominant (H)
Square: Male: XY
Circle: Female: XX
Shaded Square: Xh Y
Unshaded Square: XH Y
Shaded Circle: Xh Xh
Unshaded Circle: XH Xh or
XH XH
32.
a.
b.
c.
d.
This is an example of
imprinting which is learned.
Instinct / Innate
Instinct / Innate
Instinct / Innate
d.
37.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Stems provide support
Yes: place of
photosynthesis
Roots absorb stuff
Cuticle which is made of
wax (lipid) prevents water
loss
42.
38.
Increase in Producers (plants)
A.
Increase in carnivores (eat other
animals / meat)
a.
b.
c.
d.
More carnivores means more
animals are going to be eaten.
This includes those animals that
are herbivores that eat the
producers.
43. a.
Changing to better survive in
an environment
b. Maintaining an constant,
internal, balanced
environment
c. All of the chemical processes
in an organism
d. Cellstissuesorgansorgan
systemsorganism
There will be a decrease in
herbivores which means that
there will be more producers
with fewer animals eating them.
39.
a.
b.
c.
d.
40.
a.
b.
c.
41.
D.
Respiration: High # of
mitochondria
Transpiration: High # of
stomata
Fermentation: Large area
of cytoplasm
Photosynthesis: High # of
chloroplasts / chlorophyll
Enzymes speed things up:
increase rate of reaction by
decreasing activation energy
Not related to enzymes
Adding an inhibitor will
slow the rate by preventing
the enzyme from working.
44.
Lower the pH / Higher the
acidity, more plants were dead.
a.
b.
c.
d.
45.
a.
b.
0 – 6: Acid
7: Neutral
8 – 14: Base
Closer to 7: Weaker the
Acid/Base
Further from 7: Stronger the
Acid / Base
Positive Linear growth
Negative Linear growth
There carrying capacity is
where the graph levels off
(S shaped graph)
Exponential growth
c.
d.
46.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Building blocks: simple
sugars
Building blocks: fatty acids
Building blocks: nucleotide
[sugar (deoxyribose),
phosphate, nitrogen base( A,
T, C, G)]
Building blocks: amino
acids: every different order
makes a different protein
Photosynthesis doesn’t
release ATP (energy).
Cellular Respiration doesn’t
release Oxygen, it uses it.
Photosynthesis releases
Oxygen
Photosynthesis doesn’t
release energy it uses it
(Sunlight)
Photo. uses the CO2 that
Cellular Resp. releases
AA X AA
Aa X Aa
Aa X aa
Aa X aa
47.
a.
b.
c.
d.
48.
a.
b.
c.
d.
49.
Insects that survive pesticide
will reproduce new insects
that will also be resistant to
the pesticide.
Not related to question
It does affect: killed some
insects
Concentration doesn’t
matter as some insects were
still killed.
Not related: 1 organism
benefits, the other doesn’t
care
Not related to question
Not related: birds fly south
for winter
Survival of the fittest:
Darwin’s theory
51.
D.
Homologous Chromosomes:
chromosomes that code for the
same trait: have the same genes
(S or T)
Independent Assortment:
mixing and matching genes:
half from mom, half from dad
Choice D shows all of the
possible combinations of genes
to receive from this parent.
52.
a.
b.
c.
d.
pH greater than 7: blue
flowers
Aggressive: used to
intimidate others
Courtship: dating before
mating
Social: used to
communicate with others
Territorial: defending ones
land /space
D.
pH less that 7: pink flowers
53.
pH of soil determines the
color of the flower:
environment controls the
color of the this particular
flower.
50.
Diploid: having 2 sets of
chromosomes (in body /
somatic cells)
Haploid: having half the
number of chromosomes (in
gametes / sex cells)
Cloning: making exact
copies
a. 6 would be the haploid
number
b. 12 is the diploid number of
orginal and cloned plant as
cloning makes an exact copy.
a.
b.
c.
d.
54.
Asexual: making exact
copies of an organism: 1
parent
Sexual: male and female
parts
Sexual
Sexual
Karyotype: picture of an
organisms chromosomes
a.
b.
c.
d.
Can only see chromosomal
abnormalities with a
karyotype.
Point: change in a single
nucleotide base on
DNA…not entire
chromosome
On DNA strand
Extra chromosome (3 # 21’s
is Down’s Syndrome
On DNA strand
55.
a.
b.
c.
d.
56.
a.
b.
c.
d.
57.
A.
58.
Cuticle: Waxy covering:
prevents water loss
Epidermis: skin of plant
Guard Cell: control
stomata
Spongy mesophyll: in leaf,
typically contains
chloroplast
Fungi: Heterotrophic
Fungi: Heterotrophic
Protists and Plants contain
autotrophic organisms that
use photosynthesis to make
food.
Animals: Heterotrophic
From ecology notes:
organism makes up a
population that makes up a
community that makes up an
ecosystem that makes up a
biosphere
a.
b.
c.
d.
59.
Population increased
recently
1800  2000 is exponential
growth (straight up)
Carrying capacity is where
the graph levels off: there is
no leveling off on this graph
The graph shows no signs of
leveling off
Birds: get food (insects) (+)
Horses: get parasites
removed (+)
Both organisms are
benefitting ( + / +)
a.
b.
c.
d.
+/0
+/+
+/One organisms hunts
another
60.
Producers take carbon out of
the atmosphere.
Decomposers and
consumers put carbon
dioxide back into the
atmosphere
Consumers eat glucose
(carbon compound) that
producers make.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Removing decomposers will
decrease carbon in our
atmosphere.
It will decrease
yes
Consumers do not need
carbon dioxide