Name _______________________________
Biochemistry Review (section 3 and 4)
 Must study from notes, textbook, previous assignments/quiz, labs, research notes (Graphs/Stats).
 Use notes (also available on my website) and/or textbook to complete this test review.
 Review structures, functions of Monomers and Polymers of carbon compounds.
1. Which element is present in all ORGANIC molecules? Carbon
2. Polymers are formed by the joining together of monomers, in a reaction called dehydration where
water is taken out to join two molecules.
3. Polymers can be broken down into monomers in a reaction called hydrolysis.
4. What are the four organic compounds found in living things and what do they do?
a. Carbohydrates – Main source of energy Quick energy
b. Lipids – Store energy
c. Proteins – Structure - hair nail (keratin), Transport – hemoglobin, Movement - muscle/skeletal
(actin Myocin, collagen), Defense - antibodies, toxins produced by bacteria, Regulation of cell
functions - hormone, enzymes catalyze chemical reaction
d. Nucleic acids – Transmit genetic info
5. What are the monomers of following four organic compounds?
a. Carbohydrates – monosaccharide
b. Lipids – glycerol and fatty acids
c. Proteins – amino acid
d. Nucleic acids – nucleotide
6. The function of the protein depends on its shape (depends on organization of amino acids/ how they
fold in protein)
Describe 4 levels of organization (shape) of proteins.
Primary structure – linear chain of amino acids in specific order joined by peptide bonds.
Secondary structure: turns and folds of the primary structure due to hydrogen bonding
Tertiary structure: chain of amino acids is twisted or folded to form globular (3D) protein
Quaternary structure: two or more polypeptide chains joined together
7. Vocab review: define/explain
a. Monosaccharide- single sugar (carbohydrate) molecule
b. Polysaccharide- large sugar(carbohydrate) molecule (monosaccharides linked together)
c. Amino acid- monomer of a protein
d. Activation energy-energy required to get reaction started.
e. Exergonic reaction - Energy is released
f. Endergonic reaction - Energy is absobrbed
8. Which macromolecules (Ex wax, oil) is made up of glycerol and fatty acids? Lipids
9. Nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a 5-carbon sugar
15. When 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen combine to form water, what would the product(s) be? water
What would the reactant(s) be? Hydrogen & Oxygen
16. The energy that is required to get the chemical reaction started is called activation energy.
17. The enzymes act as a catalyst, speed up chemical reaction by reducing activation energy.
18. Enzymes are very specific for substrate (reactants) and the type of reaction they catalyze. Part of the
enzymes name usually comes from the chemical reactions they catalyse (Ex – Lactase breakdown
lactose)
19. Enzyme Peroxidase can break down specific substrate hydrogen peroxide in cells. It accomplishes this
because of its specific structure. What part of the enzyme is involved in catalytic activity? Active site
20. If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction absorbs energy.
21. Chemical reactions that ABSORB energy will not occur without a source of energy.
22. What are the two factors that affect enzymes? pH and Temperature
23. How does the following conditions affect the enzyme’s functions and the rate of the chemical reaction.
Optimal pH – Enzyme is functional – rate of reaction is highest
above optimal pH - Enzyme denatures – rate of reaction slows
below optimal pH - Enzyme denatures – rate of reaction slows
Optimal temperature - Enzyme is functional – rate of reaction is highest
above optimal temperature - Enzyme denatures – rate of reaction slows
below optimal temperature - Enzyme does NOT denature – rate of reaction is slower because molecular
motion decreases.
24. Pepsin is found in the human stomach and breaks down proteins to smaller peptides. What is pepsin?
A A mineral
B An enzyme _
C A carbohydrate
D A vitamin
25. Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each substrate —
A has a specific active site for enzyme attachment _
B can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme
C destroys its specific enzyme
D actively interferes with other substrates around it
A
1. ___C___ Monosaccharide
2. ___B___ Unsaturated fat (double bond between C)
B
3. ___A___ Nucleic acid
4. ___D___Polysaccharide
5. ___A___ DNA
C
6. ___E___Amino Acid
7. __F___ Saturated fat (single bond between C)
8. __ B ___ Fat from plant source (double bond between C)
9. __ F ___ Fat from animal source (single bond between C)
10. __E___monomer of proteins
11. __C___monomer of polysaccharides
12. __C___ Glucose
D
A
13. __D___ Starch
14. __E___ 20 of them in nature
E
A
F
A