LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Equipment used. Schematic diagram of NOx removal experimental set-up
Figure 2. Equipment used. Dust chamber
Figure 3. a)Dust accumulation on the surface of samples in the chamber, b) (1) 10 g and
(2) 37 g of dust were accumulated per m2 of surface
Figure 4. Photocatalytic NOx removal profiles of intermixed-Type 1 and SP-Type 2
samples
Figure 5. (a) and (b) SEM morphology of the intermixed-type 1 and SP-type 2 of
concrete surface layers, respectively
Figure 6. The photocatalytic NOx removal of samples with dust accumulation on its
surface.
Figure 7. Intermixed-Type 1 and SP-Type 2 samples cleaned by different processes
Figure 8. Photocatalytic NOx removal of samples after subjected to cleansing with a)
water and b) water and brush process.
Figure 9. Influence of oil accumulation on photocatalytic NOx removal a) intermixedType 1 and b) SP-Type 2 samples
Figure 10. a) Photocatalytic NOx removal of the samples impregnated with motor oil; b)
the intermixed-Type 1 and SP-Type 2 samples cleaned by different cleansing methods.
Figure 11. a) SEM-EDX analysis of SP-Type 2 reference sample before mobile oil
contamination, (b) SEM-EDX analysis of the SP-Type 2 reference sample after
exposure to mobile oil contamination
1
Figure 1. Equipment used. Schematic diagram of NOx removal experimental set-up
Figure 2. Equipment used. Dust chamber
2
(1)
(a)
(2)
(b)
Figure 3. a)Dust accumulation on the surface of samples in the chamber, b) (1) 10 g and
(2) 37 g of dust were accumulated per m2 of surface
1200
Intermixed-Type 1
SP-Type2
NOx concentration (ppm)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time (min)
50
60
70
Figure 4. Photocatalytic NOx removal profiles of intermixed-Type 1 and SP-Type 2
samples
3
INTERMIXED-TYPE 1
reference sample (a)
SP-TYPE 2 reference sample
(b)
Figure 5. (a) and (b) SEM morphology of the intermixed-type 1 and SP-type 2 of
concrete surface layers, respectively
300
SP-Type 2
Intermixed-Type 1
Reference-SP-Type 2, SD:12
NOx reduction (μmol h-1 m-2)
250
200
150
Reference-Intermixed-Type 1, SD: 13
100
50
0
10 g/m2
18 g/m2
37 g/m2
10 g/m2
18 g/m2
37 g/m2
Figure 6. The photocatalytic NOx removal of samples with dust accumulation on its
surface.
4
Intermixed-type 1
Reference
Cleaned with
water after 37
g/m2 of dust
SP-type 2
Cleaned with
water plus
brush after 37
g/m2 of dust
Reference
Cleaned with
water after 37
g/m2 of dust
Cleaned with
water plus
brush after 37
g/m2 of dust
Figure 7. Intermixed-Type 1 and SP-Type 2 samples cleaned by different processes
300
300
SP-Type 2 samples
SP-Type 2 samples
Reference, SP-Type 2, SD:12
Reference, SP-Type 2, SD:12
250
NOx reduction (µmol h-1 m-2)
NOx reduction (µmol h-1 m-2)
250
200
Intermixed-Type 1 samples
150
Reference, Intermixed- Type 1, SD: 13
100
50
200
150
100
50
0
0
10 g/m2
(a)
Intermixed-Type 1 samples
Reference, Intermixed- Type 1, SD: 13
18 g/m2
37 g/m2
10 gr/m2
Dust accumulation
18 g/m2
37 g/m2
10 g/m2
18 g/m2
37 g/m2
10 gr/m2
Dust accumulation
18 g/m2
37 g/m2
(b)
Figure 8. Photocatalytic NOx removal of samples after subjected to cleansing with a)
water and b) water and brush process.
5
1000
1000
NOx concentration (ppb)
1200
NOx concentration (ppb)
1200
800
600
400
reference-Type2
Motor Oil 400 g /m2
10% of the sample area
800
600
400
Reference sample
Oil solution, 200 g/m2
200
200
Oil solution 400 g/m2
10% of sample area
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time (min)
50
60
0
70
10
20
30
40
Time (min)
50
60
70
(b)
(a)
Figure 9. Influence of oil accumulation on photocatalytic NOx removal a) intermixedType 1 and b) SP-Type 2 samples
300
300
SP-Type 2 (Reference), SD:12
250
NOx reduction (mol h-1 m-2)
NOx reduction (mol h-1 m-2)
250
200
150
Intermixed-Type 1 (Reference), SD: 13
100
200
150
Intermixed-Type 1 (Reference), SD:13
100
50
50
0
0
TYPE 1 (200g/m2)
(a)
SP-Type 2 (Reference), SD:12
TYPE1 (400 g/m2)
oil accumulated samples
TYPE 1 (200g/m2)cleaned detergent
TYPE 2 (400 g/m2)
TYPE1 (200 g/m2)cleaned n-hexane
TYPE 2 (400 g/m2)-cleaned n-hexane
TYPE 2 (400 g/m2)-cleaned n-hexane -2
(b)
Figure 10. a) Photocatalytic NOx removal of the samples impregnated with motor oil; b)
the intermixed-Type 1 and SP-Type 2 samples cleaned by different cleansing methods.
6
(a)
(b)
Figure 11. a) SEM-EDX analysis of SP-Type 2 reference sample before mobile oil
contamination, (b) SEM-EDX analysis of the SP-Type 2 reference sample after
exposure to mobile oil contamination
7