Unit 1
Lesson 2
Assignment: Read pages 15-21
Questions #1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 (12pts)
Atoms and Molecules
- Building blocks of cells
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
- Atoms are the building blocks of matter
- 92 naturally occurring atoms called elements
- Each element has specific properties
- Ex: oxygen is an odorless colorless gas and gold is a shinny metal
Elements of the Human Body
Oxygen 65%
Carbon 18.5%
Hydrogen 9.5%
Nitrogen 3.3%
Calcium 1.5%
Phosphorus 1%
19 other elements 1.2%
Molecules
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groups of elements held together by chemical bonds
Ex: Water (H20)
2 hydrogen atoms
1 oxygen atom
Held together by covalent bonds
Compounds
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Two or more different atoms joined together by chemical bonds
Major Organic Molecules
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Molecules needed for growth, repair, and other life process
Nutrients needed for energy and building materials
1.)
-
Lipids
Fat molecules or molecules with similar properties
Do not mix with water
Stores energy in cells
Ex: oils, waxes, steroids
2.)
-
Proteins
Molecules made up of amino acids
Used for building, repair, and regulate body process
Ex: Enzymes regulate processes, proteins build and repair muscle
3.) Carbohydrates
- Source of energy or energy storage
- Ex: Sugars, starches, and fiber
- Cells break down Carbs for their energy
Monosaccharide’s- one sugar (table salt)
Polysaccharide’s – more than three sugars (pasta, starches)
3.)
-
Nucleic Acids
Carries and stores genetic information
Made up of nucleotides
Ex: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Stores code for building proteins
Phospholipids
-
A lipid that contains phosphorus
Make up the cell membrane
Celle membrane is a lipid bilayer because of its head and tail of the
phospholipids
Why is Water important?
-
Many cell processes require water
H20 makes up 2/3 of the cell
Water moves through the cell membrane using osmosis
Osmosis depends on the amount of O2 in and outside of the cell
Ex:
Assignment pg 23 Lesson Review (9pts)