Emerging Energy Technologies
Gerry Braun
PANC 2011 Annual Seminar
May 16, 2011
Outline
• Decentralized Energy - Governor Brown’s
Clean Energy and Jobs Plan
• Momentum - Utility Scale Renewable Energy
• Acceleration - Building Integrated Electric
Systems
• Managing Diversity - Communities at the
Energy Crossroads
• Convergent Industries – Energy and
Information
Governor Brown’s Clean Energy and Jobs Plan –
Renewable Integration Elements
Build 12,000 Megawatts of Localized Electricity Generation
Build 8,000 Megawatts of Large Scale Renewables & Necessary
Transmission Lines
Deal with Peak Energy Needs and Develop Energy Storage
Create New Efficiency Standards for New Buildings
Make Existing Buildings More Efficient
Adopt Stronger Appliance Efficiency Standards
Develop 6500 Megawatts of Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Projects
Appoint a Renewable Energy Jobs Czar
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Renewable Energy Supply Menu
√ = primary application
√ = secondary application
Technology/ Resource
Deployment Venues
Utility-Scale Renewables
RE Secure Communities
RE Secure Buildings
Utility-scale power plants and
bio-refineries
Smaller energy plants
exploiting high-quality local
resources
Modular systems for building
and industrial power, heat,
cooling and lighting
√
Hi Temp Solar Thermal
√
√
√
√
√
Biomass Power
√
√
Water
√
Solar PV
√
√
√
√
Wind Power Plants
Geothermal Power
√
DG Wind
√
RE Space/Water Heating
√
√
√
√
Direct Geothermal
√
√
Geothermal Heat Pumps
√
√
√
√
√
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Biofuels
Energy Storage
√
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California Renewable Electricity Supply
Curve
Figure 1
California Renewable Energy Supply Curves
by Major Resource Type (Busbar $/MWh)
Solar Thermal
Hydro - Small
Biomass
Geothermal
Wind
0
120,000
$220
$200
$180
$160
$/MWh
$140
$120
$100
$80
$60
$40
$20
$0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
GWh Available
Source: Energy and Environmental Economics,
http://www.ethree.com/public_projects/cpuc2.html
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Long Term California Utility Scale
Renewable Electricity Supply Portfolio
High temperature
thermal energy
storage can be used
to configure
concentrating
thermal power plants
for peaking,
intermediate and
even seasonal baseload capability. Off
shore wind plants
have higher capacity
factors and greater
predictability than
on shore plants.
Geothermal plants
can be configured for
ramping capability.
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Renewable Energy Secure Building Concept
Source: BP Solar
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Vision for PEV Market Expansion
Source: http://www.evcollaborative.org/strategic-plan
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RESCO
California wants all new
residential and commercial
buildings to be net zero by 2020
and 2030. In some contexts, net
zero communities may make even
more practical and economic
sense. Relative to large
renewable power plants,
community based renewable
sources may help avoid rather
than require new electric
transmission infrastructure. They
bring into play high quality clean
energy resources that would not
receive development attention
otherwise, in many cases with
locally acceptable or negligible
environmental impact.
Renewable Energy Secure
Community (RESCO) Building
Blocks
Vision for Renewable-based Energy Secure Communities (RESCO)
Wind
Solar PV
Energy Efficiency
Solar heating
& cooling
Biomass
Biogas
Community
Geothermal
Low-impact small hydro
Energy Storage
Smart Grid
Source: California Energy Commission
California Renewable Energy Collaborative • University of California
DRAFT
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Economic Impact of Indigenous
Energy
• Iceland is a volcanic island and a micro-state surrounded by the NorthAtlantic Ocean (103.000 km2) with a total population of only 320.000
inhabitants (cf. California at 403,934 km2)
• During the course of the 20th Century Iceland changed from being among
Europe’s poorest countries, depending upon peat and imported coal for its
energy, to a country with the world highest living standard (with Norway)
• A substantial part of Iceland prosperity in the latter half of the 20th century
can be attributed to increased use of indigenous renewable energy sources
• Iceland is now on a mission to eliminate the use of fossil fuels over the next
few decades
West Village Energy Initiative Goals
• Affordable living for 5000 UC Davis faculty and students
• Zero net energy from the regional grid on an annual basis
• Hyper energy conservation measures
• Multiple community scale
renewable resources
• Smart grid functionality
• No higher cost to the
developer or customer
First phase in construction
for occupancy in Fall, 2011
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21st Century Renewable Energy Deployment
Scenarios
California Renewable Energy Penetration Full Menu Scenario
California Renewable Energy Penetration Comparison of Full Menu and Current Trends
Community (1-20MW)
30
80
Building (<1MW)
Full Menu
25
70
Current Trends
Utility (>20MW)
Percentage
Percentage
60
50
40
30
20
15
10
20
5
10
0
0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
20th Century Grid
• Centralized electricity supply
• One way power flow at the meter and up-stream
• “Revenue” metering
• Price signals packaged in monthly bills
• Consumer cost build-up:
– Electric and gas energy priced according to usage period
– Capacity priced according to peak demand during billing period
– Indirect costs allocated according to customer category
• Regulatory interest in protecting the utility’s access to
low cost capital
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Relevant Models and Concepts
Adaptive:
• Smart Sub-station
• Distributed Utility
• Net metering
• Demand Response (DR)
• Micro-grid
• Virtual Power Plant
• Virtual Net Metering
• Integrated Renewable Energy
Systems
Transformative:
• Net Zero Energy and/or
Renewable Energy Secure
Buildings
• Net Zero Community (Energy or
Carbon)
• Renewable Energy Secure
Communities
• Continuously Dispatchable
Demand Response
• Microgrid Networks
Adaptive = Utilities and regulators lead implementation
Transformative = Energy consumers and competitive energy suppliers lead implementation
California Renewable Energy Collaborative • University of California
DRAFT
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21st Century Grid
• Distributed and centralized electricity supply
• Bi-directional power flow at the meter and upstream
• Pervasive “net” metering and “smart” meters
• Actionable real time price information plus automated
response at the point of use
• Consumer cost build-up:
– Electricity and gas purchases for specific uses at specific times
– Levelized payments on energy supply and efficiency investments
– Opportunity costs related to “use or sell” decisions
• Policy interest in infrastructure modernization
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Conclusions - 1
• California can pioneer the effective integration of utility,
community and building scale renewable electricity
generation, using natural gas as a bridge fuel.
• Utility scale solar, high temperature storage, off shore
wind and new geothermal resources will allow reliable
and efficient operation of California’s current high
voltage transmission system
• California’s current transmission infrastructure must be
modernized to accommodate this low carbon supply mix
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Conclusions - 2
• The market for building integrated electric systems able to
charge electric vehicles and optimize the economic value
of integrated supply and storage can accelerate rapidly
where it is enabled to operate.
• Communities will be at the nexus of energy infrastructure
transformation and have the opportunity to gain economic
advantage by learning to manage an expanding diversity of
new energy supply, delivery, usage and financing options.
• Energy related industries will be a market for information
industry solutions, opening major opportunities for both.
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Thank you!
[email protected]
http://cal-ires.ucdavis.edu/
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