WELCOME
HIST 172 C
History of Canadian
Pentecostals
COURSE OBJECTIVES
The student who takes this course should be able to
achieve the following cognitive objectives:
• To grasp an introductorythsurvey ofth world Pentecostal
church history in the 19 and 20 centuries and of
Canadian Pentecostal Church History in particular
• To demonstrate familiarity with basic bibliographic
resources on the subject
• To understand the historical backdrop for Canadian
Pentecostal church history
• To understand the New Testament roots for, and
history of, Pentecostal Doctrinal Distinctives
• To reflect one's understanding of Canadian
Pentecostal church problems in its history and their
solutions
• To describe current trends of the movement at home
and overseas
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Also, the student should be able to actualize the
following attitudinal objectives:
• To appreciate the Holy Spirit as the source of
the general worldwide Pentecostal movement,
with a focus on the Pentecostal scene,
especially Canadian Pentecostals and their
sacrifices and contributions to the Pentecostal
movement in Canada and abroad
• To appreciate spiritual legacies contributed by
Canadian Pentecostals and lessons or
principles that can be learned from them
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Finally, the student should be also be able to put
into practice the following behavioural
objectives:
• To minister more effectively within the
Canadian Pentecostal movement
• To use one's knowledge of problems and
solutions in the history of the movement as
guidelines to be implemented when and where
they apply in the Canadian Pentecostal church
• To become motivated to continue studying
formally and/or informally, Pentecostal Church
History.
REQUIRED TEXTBOOKS
Miller, Thomas W. Canadian Pentecostals: A
History of the Pentecostal Assemblies of
Canada. Mississauga: Full Gospel
Publishing House, 1994.
Rudd, Douglas. When the Spirit Came Upon
Them. Burlington: Antioch Books, 2002
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
• Read the required textbook, Canadian Pentecostals.
• Work through the textbook chapter by chapter and answer
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all of the Unit Questions and submit them to the college.
Submit a book report. At the completion of Chapter Seven
and prior to writing the Mid-Course exam the student will
submit a book review of Douglas Rudd’s book When the
Spirit Came Upon Them. The paper will be at least 1,000
words.
Write the Mid-Course exam based on the textbook:
Foreword, Acknowledgments, Introduction & Chapters 1-7.
Submit a research paper. The paper will be 1,000 to 1,500
words in length. The paper is to be a biographic study of an
individual who had significant impact on Canadian
Pentecostal History (not necessarily a Canadian).
Write the Final exam based on Chapters 8-15.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Five items need to be submitted to the college
for grading:
1. Notes from the study guide chapter
questions
2. Book Report
3. Mid-Course Exam
4. Biographical Research Paper
5. Final Exam
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ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION
Course assignments may be sent to the college by regular mail. Please
use this address for all Distance Ed assignments:
• Summit Pacific College
Distance Education
PO Box 1700
Abbotsford, BC V2S 7E7
• Students may also submit assignments via email.
• Please use ONLY this email address for submitting assignments by
email: [email protected].
•We accept:
MS Word Documents (doc, docx);
Open Office Documents (odf);
Adobe Acrobat documents (pdf).
Acrobat pdf files are the preferred format.
Students using Pages on Mac computers will need to export their
documents to Adobe Acrobat pdf format. If you need help, please
contact Rob McIntyre in the Distance Education office.
COURSE CALENDAR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
October 1 (today): Course Introduction;
General Overview of Church History;
Introducing 18th & 19th Century Evangelicalism;
Precursors to Pentecostalism – The Holiness Movement.
November 5: Pentecostal Beginnings;
Bethel College, Topeka, Kansas – Charles F. Parham;
Azuza Street – William Seymour;
Canadian Beginnings – The Hebdon Mission;
Key Canadian Leaders.
December 3: Notable Early Events & Developments;
MID-COURSE EXAM after Lunch;
Book Report is Due;
First Half of Notes is Due.
January 7: Issues and Development of the Movement.
February 4: The Modern Pentecostal Movement;
FINAL EXAM after Lunch;
Research Paper is Due;
Second Half of Notes is due.
COURSE RESOURCES
Course resources are available at a dedicated
web page:
www.summitpacific.ca/history
You will find there:
• All PowerPoints used in classes
• Audio Recordings of all classes
• Resources for the preparation of papers
• Library Builders – a list of recommended
texts
Pentecostalism – a World Movement
• In 2011, a Pew Forum study of global
Christianity found that there were an
estimated 279 million classical
Pentecostals
• 4 percent of the total world
population
• 12.8 percent of the world's Christian
population Pentecostal.
• The largest percentage of Pentecostals are
found in Sub-Saharan Africa (44 percent);
• followed by the Americas (37 percent), and
• Asia and the Pacific (16 percent).
• 740 recognized Pentecostal denominations;
• a significant number of independent
churches.
• The greatest surge today is in the global
South, which includes Africa, Latin
America, and most of Asia
Types of Pentecostals
• Classical – trace their history and
beginnings to the early 19th century Holy
Spirit outpouring (Tokeka, Kansas & Asusa
Street in Los Angeles)
• Charismatic – emerged in the 1960s and
70s out of main line Christian
denominations (Catholic, Anglican,
Presbyterian)
• Ne0-Pentecostal – emerged in the 1980s
and 90s from historical evangelical
churches
Classical Pentecostals
• Wesleyan Pentecostals – in the early years
all Pentecostals were Wesleyan
• "Baptistic" or "Reformed" Pentecostals
– emerged from rejection of some of the
Wesleyan Pentecostal doctrines
• Apostolic Pentecostals – led by Apostles,
Prophets and other charismatic leaders
• Oneness Pentecostals – reject the
doctrine of the Trinity
Wesleyan Pentecostals
• Teach that there are three crisis experiences
within a Christian's life: conversion,
sanctification, and Spirit baptism
• They inherited the Holiness Movement's
belief in entire sanctification
• Wesleyan Pentecostals believe that entire
sanctification is a definite event that occurs
after salvation but before Spirit baptism.
This experience cleanses and enables the
believer to live a life of personal holiness.
"Baptistic" or "Reformed" Pentecostals
• “Finished Work” doctrine
• Rejected the Wesleyan Pentecostal’s
teaching of total sanctification
• They believe there are two crisis events
within a Christian's life: conversion and
Spirit baptism.
• Believers are initially sanctified at salvation
and then grow in grace through a lifelong
process of progressive sanctification
Apostolic Pentecostals
• Led by a hierarchy of living apostles,
prophets, and other charismatic offices.
• Roots are in the Welsh Revival (1904-05)
and began in Britain, but now are world
wide.
Oneness Pentecostals
• Reject the doctrine of the Trinity.
• Do not describe God as three persons but rather
as three manifestations of the one living God.
• Water baptisms performed in the name of Jesus
Christ, rather than that of the Trinity.
• Oneness Pentecostals hold that repentance is
necessary before baptism to make the
ordinance valid, and receipt of the Holy Spirit
manifested by speaking in other tongues is
necessary afterwards, to complete the work of
baptism.
Some Pentecostal Denominations
• Assemblies of God (both US and world wide)
• Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada
(Assemblies of God)
• Foursquare
• Apostolic Church of Pentecost
• Elim Pentecostal Church (Britain)
• Church of God in Christ
• Pentecostal Holiness
• United Pentecostal Church.
Significant Early Pentecostal Leaders:
-Charles Parham
-William Durham
-William Seymour
- Oral Roberts
-Aimee Sempel MacPherson
-Dr. Charles Price
-A.H. Argue
- W.M. Branham
-R.E. McAlister
Doctrinal/ Organizational Challenges
• Finished Work
• Jesus Only (New Revelation)
• Racial divide
• Women in Ministry
• Relationship with Evangelicalism (holiness)
• New Order of the Latter Rain
• Formalization of denominational structure.
Understanding Pentecostalism
• Attempting to understand the Pentecostal
movement without a basic understanding
of Church history is like arriving in the
middle of a detailed and heated
conversation
• It is important to gain the perspective of
understanding what has gone before.
Early (Primitive)
Christianity
33 (approx.) – 330 AD
Early Christianity
• Met in Synagogues until Christianity rejected by
Judaism
• Faced persecution by the Roman Empire as well
as from within communities in which they lived
• Typically met in homes
• Plurality of Leadership – Elders/Deacons
• Established by Apostolic Leadership
• Organized by City – i.e. “The Church in Corinth,
Rome, Ephesus” etc….
Constantinian
Christianity
313-1054
Constantinian Christianity
• Early in the Third Century (306-307) Christianity is
made an accepted religion of the Roman Empire
(Constantine the Great) – decriminalized
Christianity in 313 AD
• The Emperor took an active role in the church –
sponsored conferences (First Council of Nicea 325
BC – Nicean Creed) – actively engaged in
establishing church organizational structure.
• Construction of churches – often followed the
architecture of the Roman Empire
• Bishops/Priests/ Elders – Monastic Orders
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey
• Major Centers – Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria
(Until 7th century) Constantinople, Rome.
• Ruled by Metropolitan (Archbishop)
• Rome begins to assert its supremacy based upon:
• Peter’s confession and subsequent martyrdom
there
• Close association with the Roman Empire
• Bureaucratization/Institutionalization
The Great Schism
The Corruption of Rome
1054-1517 AD
The Great Schism & the Corruption of Rome
• 1054 – Church divides into two – Eastern
(Orthodox) and Western (Roman)
• The issue was the use of icons, as well as a
credal statement regarding the procession
of the Holy Spirit.
• Also at issue was the primacy of the
Bishop of Rome
• Rome asserts its primacy over the entire
church – excommunicates Eastern church.
• For the next four centuries the church of
Rome was mired in politics and intrigue
• Papacy politicized – influence from aristocracy
in the surrounding nations (France, Spain)
• 1375-1431 – Popes ruling from both Avignon
(France) and Rome – known as the Babylonian
Captivity of the Church
• Crusades, Abuses of power (indulgences,
interdict or excommunication) (Innocent III)
• Early voices of reform (protest) (Wycliffe, Hus,
Savonarola) spoke against church corruption
and influence by aristocracy
Protestant
Reformation
1517-1750 AD
Reformation
• Began with Martin Luther’s reaction against
corruption of Catholicism (1517) – in particular he
strongly opposed indulgences (time in purgatory
lessened by financial gifts)
• His intent was that the Roman Catholic Church
should change – he did not intend to leave.
• Luther/Lutheranism – Germany/ Northern Europe 95 theses
• “When our Lord and Master Jesus Christ said,
'Repent,' he willed the entire life of believers to be
one of repentance.“ – Thesis Number 1
• The doctrine of salvation by grace
alone through faith alone for Christ's sake alone
• John Calvin – Switzerland (Geneva) – Reformed
Churches
• Radical Reformers (Anabaptists) – rejected the
authority of any institutional church
• Menno Simons – 1530’s – Mennonites
• Jacob Amman – Amish – 1580’s
• Jacob Hutter – Hutterites - 1529
• Anabaptist (baptize again – believer’s baptism)
• Pacifist
• Communal Living
• No Assurance of salvation – only God knows
Reformation in England
• Henry VIII – motivated by political and personal
issues (wanted to re-marry). Not initially
theologically motivated
• Break with Rome occurred in 1533, with the
excommunication of Henry and Cardinal Wosley.
• Church of England, over whom the reigning
monarch is the head, Archbishop of Canterbury
the actual leader
• 1640’s – Puritans ( reformed theology, living
faith, remained within the Church of England –
purify the church of it’s Catholic influences and
practices)
• Anabaptists – came under Puritan influence
(reformed theology), but insisted upon adult
baptism.
• Congregationalists - Wanted to be separate from
the influence of the state to a greater degree,
and live their lives ruled by scripture alone
• John Knox – Scotland – influenced by Calvin –
Presbyterian Church.
Movements Formed out of
Reactions to the Reformation
• Reformed Split – over Predestination.
Jacob Arminius vs. Francis Gomarus
• Arminianism vs. Calvinism
• George Fox and Quakers “Friends” –
emphasis on personal experience of God
• Jacob Spener, August Francke – Pietism in
Lutheran Church – vigorous Christian living
• Zinzendorf and Moravians (missions - later
1600s) – personal piety, missions & music