April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes Logistics: (complete for each of your meetings) DateLocation Supplies – Facilitator Notes & Fidelity Checklist Prior to the Meeting: Time Be familiar with the activities, some are optional so choose what fits. Look at the background materials so you are familiar with them. Slide Learner Outcomes: Participants will . . . • • • Gain familiarity with key ideas from research Learn and share resources Apply content to improve district MTSS implementation Notes: Fidelity Checklist Opening and introductions here. Opportunity to discuss and review previous learning. Connection to ISBE PD Requirements 1. Indicate the outcome(s) of this professional development. qIncreased the knowledge and skills of school and district leaders who guide continuous professional development qWill lead to improved learning for students qAddressed the organization of adults into the learning communities whose goals are aligned with those of their schools and districts qDeepened participants’ content knowledge in one or more content areas qProvided participants with research-based instructional strategies to assist students in meeting rigorous academic standards qPrepared participants to appropriately use various types of classroom assessments qUsed learning strategies appropriate to the intended goals qProvided participants with the knowledge and skills to collaborate qPrepared participants to apply research to decision making Connection to ISBE PD Requirements 2. Identify those statements that directly apply to this professional development. q Activities were of a type that engaged participants over a sustained period of time allowing for analysis, discovery, and application as they relate to student learning, social or emotional achievement, or well being. q This professional development aligned to my performance as an educator q The outcomes for the activities related to student growth or district improvement. q The activities offered for this event aligned to State-approved standards. q Professional Development Standards q Illinois Content Area Standards q Professional Educator Standards q Illinois Professional Leader Standards q This activity was higher education coursework. Allow participants to read this slide. Let them know that this content is tied to the standards referred to on the ISBE Evaluation they will be filling out at the end of the session. Those that are highlighted in green are areas we feel will be outcomes of this session. Allow participants to read this slide. Let them know that this content is tied to the standards referred to on the ISBE Evaluation they will be filling out at the end of the session. Those that are highlighted in green are areas we feel will be outcomes of this session. Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 1 ___Completed If not, rationale: April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes Outcomes Review the target outcomes for today. Topics: Reading Comprehension and Writing ___Completed 1. Gain familiarity with key ideas from If not, rationale: research 2. Learn and share resources 3. Apply content to improve district MTSS implementation Illinois RTI Network, 2015 Turn toward and allow participants to review the agenda for the day. Any additional ‘housekeeping’ information may be given here as well. ___Completed If not, rationale: I-RtI Network ESSENTIAL DIMENSIONS Illinois RTI Network, 2015 Reading and Writing— Card and Stack Shuffle 1. Do this activity before giving out Handout #1. 2. Divide into groups no larger than 4 people. 3. Have each group select a sentence starter: 1. Students with strong reading comprehension skills are able to… 2. Students with strong writing skills are able to… 4. For the sentence starter, have individuals write each sub-skill needed on a separate sticky note. Activity from p. 193-194 of The Adaptive School (2013) Examples: Students with strong reading comprehension skills are able to…read the words fluently, define words in the passage, pay attention to meaning while they read… Students with strong writing skills are able to…share ideas related to a topic, write words fluently, put ideas into a logical order… ___Completed If not, rationale: ___Completed Reading and Writing— Card and Stack Shuffle If not, rationale: 5. Have individuals share their s cky notes with their group and categorize each group of responses. 6. A er groups are finished categorizing, provide Handout # 1 and have groups compare their responses to the essen al elements listed. 7. Discuss what they added or missed and share with the group. Activity from p. 193-194 of The Adaptive School (2013) Reading: Essential Dimensions • • • • Language/prior knowledge Word recognition Word study Fluency HANDOUT #1: READING: Essential Dimensions and Essential Questions Gravois and Gickling (2008) Language/prior knowledge: The grammatical and broad range of experience that gives meaning to the student Word recognition: The ability to identify, pronounce, and know the meaning of words that are linked together in print Word study: The use of organized approaches for unlocking words outside one’s own sight vocabulary Fluency: The speed of reading and the use of phrasing and expression during reading From Gravois and Gickling (2008) Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 2 ___Completed If not, rationale: April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes Reading: Essential Dimensions • Responding • Comprehension • Metacognition HANDOUT #1: READING: Essential Dimensions and Essential Questions Gravois and Gickling (2008) Background Knowledge Vocabulary Meta-Cogni ve Skills Reading Comprehension Comprehension Strategies Mo va on Language Skills Oral Language & Listening Comprehension Basic Reading Skills: Decoding/ Phonics/Fluency Adapted from J. Torgesen & M. Shinn slides • Life Experience • Content Knowledge • Activation of Prior Knowledge • Knowledge about Texts Knowledge • Motivation & Engagement • Active Reading Strategies • Monitoring Strategies • Fix-Up Strategies Language Reading Comprehension Metacognition • Oral Language Skills • Knowledge of Language Structures • Vocabulary • Cultural Influences Responding: The ability to convey orally or in writing what was heard or read Comprehension: The ability to confirm, predict, reflect upon, and retain the author’s message Metacognition: The ability to monitor and to regulate one’s learning From Gravois and Gickling (2008) FACILITATOR’S CHOICE: USE THIS SLIDE OR THE NEXT SLIDE Reading comprehension is a highly complex set of skills, not discrete. In order to comprehend, students need basic reading skills of phonics and fluency. If they cannot decode the words on the page, they cannot possibly comprehend the material. In order to have reading comprehension, they also need oral language communication skills. If they are not able to understand and use language around them, then they can not comprehend what they read. They also need an increasingly sophisticated vocabulary in order to comprehend. Background knowledge also can make or break students comprehension of material. Their meta-cognitive skills in terms of how they think about what they are reading and use strategies self-monitoring is a factor in reading comprehension. And then of course, what many traditionally think of as “reading comprehension”, students finesse with the use of comprehension strategies such as making inferences and connections impact comprehension. But, another factor is the students’ motivation for doing all of the above. The longer that a student takes to do this (point to Basic Reading), then the further behind they lag in these (point to Language, Vocabulary, & Background Knowledge), and the less able they are to use these (point to meta-cognitive & comprehension strategies) and the less motivated they are likely to be. The big idea, reading comprehension is not a discrete skill. So when we talk about trying to assess or understand reading comprehension, it is important to understand the factors that influence reading comprehension. USE THIS SLIDE OR THE PREVIOUS SLIDE SEE NOTES ABOVE Fluency* General Reading Skills • Prosody • Automaticity/Rate • Accuracy • Decoding • Phonemic Awareness Adapted from Torgesen, J. Co-Director, Florida Center for Reading Research; www.fcrr.org Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 3 ___Completed If not, rationale: April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes Listening vs. Reading Comprehension • Listening comprehension processes aid reading comprehension • Reading is different from listening: – Burden of monitoring understanding is entirely on the reader – In reading, you can’t ask the author to paraphrase Willingham (2006/07) Test your knowledge Which students demonstrated better comprehension of a 5th grade passage about baseball? – Strong readers with low knowledge about baseball? OR – Weak readers with high knowledge about baseball? Study described in Willingham (2006) Quotes from Willingham article: The contention that listening comprehension contributes to reading comprehension is supported by data…Children’s reading comprehension and listening comprehension are also correlated, but not as strongly because they vary in their decoding ability…Listening comprehension processes greatly aid reading comprehension, but most speaking and reading situations differ in an important way. Speakers monitor their listeners’ comprehension. For example, when a friend tells you a story, she does not just plow through from beginning to end. Periodically she asks a question, the purpose of which is to ensure that you understand what she is saying…listeners typically monitor their own comprehension, even if they are not prompted by the speaker. Although this ability becomes more sophisticated as children grow, even kindergartners show that they know when they do or do not understand. Reading is different [from listening] in two ways. First, the burden of monitoring comprehension is entirely on the reader. The author cannot monitor your comprehension the way a speaker does when you are listening…The second important difference between reading and conversational speech lies in what can be done when you’re confused. In reading, you are stuck with the one description that the author wrote. You cannot (as you would with listening) as for a different phrasing or easily find out the definition of a word. ___Completed Reading comprehension depends so much on what the students bring to the task (e.g., background knowledge, culture). Considering the influence of culture on language, an example is the Moken tribe, considered one of the most untouched by human civilization (well-known story about how they survived the tsunami in Thailand by paying attention to cues in nature), has no words for “want,” “take,” or “mine.” From How Knowledge Helps: It Speeds and Strengthens Reading Comprehension, Learning—and Thinking Daniel Willingham American Educator Summer 2006 Poor readers with a high knowledge of baseball displayed better comprehension (on a passage that described a half inning of a baseball game) than good readers with low knowledge of baseball. ___Completed Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 4 If not, rationale: If not, rationale: April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes Test your knowledge Which factors are more relevant for reading comprehension? – Prior knowledge? OR aptitude? – Prior knowledge OR instruction matched to learning style? Willingham (2006) Ha e (2009) 80% accuracy rate—adequate for comprehension? The present experiment suggests that ***-produced changes in motivation, which are reflected in behavioral change, can be accompanied by changes in ***. On all three ***checks (the measure of *** intensity of motivation and the measures of ***regarding the pressures toward ***commitment), the High ***subjects tended to show more change as a function of their greater commitment to deprivation. The greater the prospect of failure, the more the subjects felt they were ***into committing themselves and the less resulting motivation they tended to have. Motivational Effects of Dissonance (Brehm & Cohen, 1962, p. 151) From How Knowledge Helps: It Speeds and Strengthens Reading Comprehension, Learning—and Thinking Daniel Willingham American Educator Summer 2006 Prior knowledge is so important to memory that it can actually make up for or replace what we normally think of as aptitude…all students will learn more if they have greater background knowledge. Knowledge does much more than just help students hone their thinking skills: it actually makes learning easier. Knowledge is not only cumulative; it grows exponentially. Those with a rich base of factual knowledge find it easier to learn more—the rich get richer. In addition, factual knowledge enhances cognitive processes like problem solving and reasoning. The more you know, the easier it will be for you to learn new things. Comprehension demands background knowledge…comprehension depends on making correct inferences. If you know more, you’re a better reader…the person with a rich general knowledge rarely has to interrupt reading in order to consciously search for connections. There is no evidence that matching instruction to learning styles improves academic achievement. (see Hattie, 2009 and other resources) ___Completed Try to read and understand this passage with the missing words (simulating words a reader missed and/or does not understand). Even though accuracy is 91%, comprehension would be severely hindered. The present experiment suggests that dissonance-produced changes in motivation, which are reflected in behavioral change, can be accompanied by changes in cognition. On all three cognitive checks (the measure of cognized intensity of motivation and the measures of cognitions regarding the pressures toward discrepant commitment), the High Dissonance subjects tended to show more change as a function of their greater commitment to deprivation. The greater the prospect of failure, the more the subjects felt they were coerced into committing themselves and the less resulting motivation they tended to have. 90 words Missed 8 words 91% accuracy Even 91% accuracy and comprehension is severely compromised. Often miss words that are important for meaning. Difficulty with understanding a few key vocabulary terms can influence comprehension in a substantial way. ___Completed Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 5 If not, rationale: If not, rationale: April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes Writing: Essential Dimensions • • • • Prior knowledge/language Reading/oral responding Type Written expression HANDOUT #1: WRITING: Essential Dimensions and Essential Questions Gravois and Nelson (2014) Writing: Essential Dimensions • • • • Use/mechanics Structure Penmanship Revising/editing HANDOUT #1: WRITING: Essential Dimensions and Essential Questions Gravois and Nelson (2014) Prior knowledge/language: Background experiences and content knowledge of concepts and topics that give meaning to a written product Reading/oral responding: The ability to convey an oral understanding of what has been heard or read as a precursor to conveying written understanding Type: The ability to produce the type of writing required by a task, such as persuasive, creative, technical Written expression: The ability to use descriptive and figurative language in a way that gives voice to the written product ___Completed Use/mechanics: The ability to convey appropriate grammar, usage, spelling, punctuation, and other language conventions in writing Structure: The ability to produce a writing that addresses the topic in a logical and cohesive way Penmanship: The ability to form legible letters to increase the readability of a writing product Revising/editing: The ability to improve the content quality of a writing product by addressing the usage and mechnics (editing) or by addressing the content (revising) From Gravois and Nelson (2014) ___Completed This is an opportunity for participants to reflect on what they have heard. This may occur in the entire group or have this discussion in smaller groups or pairs to facilitate involvement. You may keep the current groupings OR use the stand and make eye contact method or count off or use another method to mix up the groups or form pairs temporarily for this activity. ___Completed You can have a discussion or use the optional activity on the next slide ___Completed If not, rationale: If not, rationale: If not, rationale: I-RtI Network INTERVENTIONS AND ALIGNMENT Illinois RTI Network, 2015 Effective Interventions for Reading Comprehension—Handout #2 • • Independently review the table with interventions in the Willingham article Discuss at a table or with partners and share with the whole group: – – – Which strategies are used in your school/district? What would you like to learn more about? How can this information be useful in your role? Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 6 If not, rationale: April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes Optional Activity—Handout #2 • • Fold the table (from Handout #2) in half Work in pairs and next to each strategy write: – – – • “K” for I know—can share examples of how it is used in the classroom “TK” for I think I know—some familiarity with the strategy “WK” for I want to know—this is a strategy I would like to learn more about Have pairs take turns describing strategies and afterwards, have them unfold the papers and check their understanding Reading Comprehension Strategies • Evidence weak before 3rd grade (or before students are fluent readers) • Six sessions no more or less effective than 50 sessions • Benefits students who are fluent readers and who haven’t already figured out a similar strategy on their own • Longer term solution—build rich vocabulary and broad background knowledge Willingham (2006/07) Routine for Teaching Vocabulary • • • • Introduce the word. Provide a student-friendly explanation. Illustrate the word with examples. Check students’ understanding. “word, meaning, examples, check” Archer and Hughes (2011) Helping Students Be Mentally Engaged • Design reading assignments that require students to actively process reading material. • Assess background knowledge. • Fill in the gaps (or the abyss) of missing background knowledge. Willingham (2003) Optional Activity from Adaptive Schools book pp. 238-239: Know, Think You Know, Want to Know Adaptation: Fold the table in half vertically so that participants can’t see the description of the strategies. Have participants work in pairs. For each strategy listed in the table, have people categorize the strategy as one they “know,” “think they know,” or “want to know.” By saying they “know” a strategy that means they can share examples of how it is used in the classroom. They can categorize by putting a “K” next to the ones they know, a “TK” next to the ones they think they know, and a “WK” next to ones they want to know. Then participants can take turns and describe each strategy. After describing strategies and examples, participants can unfold the document and check their knowledge. Explicit vocabulary instruction helps comprehension. This is not a student strategy (so it won’t be found in the table in Willingham’s document) but an effective teaching strategy— teaching students the background knowledge needed for effective comprehension. Discuss the benefits of instructional routines with your participants. Instructional routines help in the clarity of a lesson, students can focus on the most important part—the new word being learned, instead of changes in the presentation, can help teachers avoid talking too much when they use an instructional routine ___Completed From Students Remember What They Think About Daniel Willingham American Educator Summer 2003 How can we ensure that students are mentally engaged? Always try to anticipate what students will be thinking about when they are doing the assignment…example—The purpose of the assignment was to have students think of the book as a whole, and to consider how the separate events related to one another. This purpose got lost in the execution. My nephew spent a lot more time thinking about how to draw a good castle than he did about the plot of the book. Use discovery learning carefully. Students will remember ___Completed Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 7 If not, rationale: If not, rationale: April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes incorrect “discoveries” just as well as correct ones. Design reading assignments that require students to actively process the text. Techniques such as writing outlines, selfexamination during learning, review questions, and previews can encourage or require students to integrate the material and to thereby process (i.e., think about) the meaning. Design lessons so that students can’t avoid thinking about the lesson’s goal. Design tests that lead students to think about and integrate the most important material. Like lessons, study guides for texts should be developed that force students to think about the goals of the lessons being assessed…suppose…that the students know that the examination will consist of five questions from the 30question list that they have been given, with an essay to be written on each of the five questions. Students will very likely restrict their studying to the 30-question list, but that might be just fine with the teacher if he or she feels that any student who can answer those 30 questions has mastered the material. Effective Interventions for Writing— Handout #3 • • Independently review Handout #3 Discuss at a table or with partners and share with the whole group: – – Optional: Have participants think about the grade levels they work most with and make a table with interventions/instructional strategies that are aligned and not aligned with CCSS for the grade level(s) they work with. In what ways are CCSS aligned and not aligned to research regarding evidence-based practices for writing instruction? How can this information be useful in your role? Alignment to CCSS—Handouts #4 and #5 EQuIP Rubric (Educators Evalua ng Quality Instruc onal Products) Optional: Provide participants with time to review and discuss how the EQuIP Rubrics can be used to align instruction to CCSS. Handout - Participants should have a copy of the K-2 and 3-12 rubric. I Illinois State Board of Educa on Content Area Specialists Content contained is licensed under a Crea ve Commons A ribu on-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License The primary purpose of the rubric is to provide specific guidance for identifying high quality instructional materials aligned to the Common Core State Standards. It is to be used for multi-day lessons or units. This rubric can offer assistance for teachers and administrators in Illinois as they transition to full implementation of the CCSS. States and other educational organizations may use the rubric as an evaluation tool to determine quality of lessons/units they want to provide for teachers. Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 8 April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes The EQuIP Rubric—Handouts #4 & #5 Design Mul -Day Lessons Units The EQuIP rubric can be used to align multi-day lessons or units that include instructional activities and assessments aligned to CCSS, extending over a few class periods or days. Units that include integrated and focused lessons aligned to CCSS extending over a longer period of time. Content contained is licensed under a Crea ve Commons A ribu on-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License 5-7 min 1 min 1 min ___Completed PARCC Resources If not, rationale: • www.parcconline.org/top-12-resourceseducators • “Blueprints and Evidence Statement Tables” ___Completed Resources If not, rationale: • National Center on Intensive Intervention • Institute of Education Sciences (IES) practice guides and intervention reports • Handout #6—I-RtI Network Checklist for Selecting Tier 3 Interventions • Center on Instruction Handout #6—I-RtI Network Checklist for Selecting Tier 3 Interventions Have participants review the checklist and discuss how it might be used in their role, how interventions are currently selected, and who they might share the checklist with. ___Completed Reminder that standards establish an outcome desired but don’t tell us how to get there. We still need to use research to inform practices. Quotes and notes from Moats’ article: Standards document is agnostic with regards to best practices based on research. Some discrepancies between CCSS and reading research: 1) Proficiency in rhyme production required by CCSS but not a prerequisite for learning to segment phonemes in spoken words and map them to graphemes. 2) First graders required to read as much informational text as narrative—may not make sense for students learning ___Completed If not, rationale: Illinois RTI Network, 2015 2-3 min Resources • Reconciling the Common Core State Standards with Reading Research by Louisa Moats (pdf found online) • The IRIS Center for Training Enhancements (2006). Improving writing performance: A strategy for writing persuasive essays. From http:// iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/pow Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 9 If not, rationale: April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes 3) 4) 5) 6) 3-5 min Resources in Background Materials Folder • Summary of When Kids Can’t Read What Teachers Can Do • Toolkit for Evaluating Alignment of Instructional and Assessment Materials to Common Core State Standards • Intervention Central—Elements of Effective Writing Instruction 1 min to decode. (In another article—question the assumption that text complexity is equally valuable at all levels. It may be more valuable later after students have gained a certain level of reading proficiency.) Fluency is not achieved end of 2nd grade but rather continues through Grade 3 and levels off around Grade 5. Implication that students will learn to read better if they are handed more complex and difficult texts. Reading disabilities—too many cases for special education to handle and the regular classroom instruction is as critical to changing growth trajectories as remedial instruction. Early efforts to implement CCSS offer holistic, themebased lessons that presume most students will pick up reading and writing fundamentals through incidental exposure. IRIS Center from Vanderbilt has excellent training modules including this one. You may share these resources with participants if they are interested. They are available online. ___Completed This is an opportunity for participants to reflect on what they have heard. This may occur in the entire group or have this discussion in smaller groups or pairs to facilitate involvement. You may keep the current groupings OR use the stand and make eye contact method or count off or use another method to mix up the groups or form pairs temporarily for this activity. ___Completed If not, rationale: If not, rationale: 2-3 min I-RtI Network ASSESSMENT Illinois RTI Network, 2015 5-7 min ___Completed Assessment is challenging because… • – – • If not, rationale: Independently select one starter and respond with as many ideas as you can (in writing) for 1 minute: Assessment of reading comprehension is challenging because… Assessment of writing is challenging because… Discuss responses as a group, share Handout #7 and talk about how it can be used. Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 10 April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes 1 min • • – – 1520 min 1 min 1 min 1 min If not, rationale: Rubrics are an option for assessing complex domains such as reading comprehension and writing Ways to improve the reliability of rubrics – – – 1 min ___Completed Sample Reading Comprehension Rubric from Ben Ditkowsky—Handout #8 Provide adequate training for scoring Include examples of different levels of performance Have different raters score independently and discuss differences Limit the number of different raters Other ideas? Partner and/or Whole Group Discussion • What are your current assessment practices addressing reading comprehension and written expression? • What is the role of Curriculum-Based Measurement? • What is the role of other measures? • When and how are diagnostic assessments completed? You might want to have a discussion about CBM Maze. There was a misunderstanding that Maze measured comprehension and maybe that it was better than ORF as a measure of comprehension. Both Maze and ORF are measures of overall reading achievement, but ORF is better. The only advantage of maze is that it can be administered at the group level but there are many limitations. ___Completed If not, rationale: ___Completed Assessment Tools and Resources If not, rationale: • Curriculum-Based Measurement (e.g., Aimsweb, DIBELS)—The Relation of Aimsweb, CBM, and CCSS paper • Can’t Do, Won’t Do Assessment (http://www.joewitt.org/Downloads/ VanDerHeydenBP.pdf) • National Center on Intensive Intervention—Tool Charts Assessment Tools and Resources cont. • www.measuredeffects.com Advanced Progress Monitoring presentation with sample reading comprehension rubric (Handout #6) • Assessing Reading—Multiple Measures, CORE Assessment Tools and Resources cont. • A Simple Way to Assess the Writing Skills of Students with Learning Disabilities by Stephen Isaacson— found on Reading Rockets website • The ABCs of Curriculum-Based Evaluation by John L. Hosp, Michelle K. Hosp, Kenneth W. Howell, and Randy Allison Ben Ditkowsky’s site, measured effects, has many tools including a presentation he delivered to the RtI network about progress monitoring. In the presentation he shared a draft of a rubric that could be used to evaluate reading comprehension. CORE’s book, Assessing Reading—Multiple Measures, has several tools to provide specific information about a student’s reading skills. ___Completed Isaacson provides a very practical and informed approach to assess writing for any students who are struggling. The article is included in background materials folder. The ABCs of Curriculum-Based Evaluation has information about how to evaluate a student’s skill strengths and deficits in specific domains to create a targeted and effective intervention plan. ___Completed This is an opportunity for participants to reflect on what they have heard. This may occur in the entire group or have this discussion in smaller groups or pairs to facilitate involvement. You may keep the current groupings OR use the stand and make eye contact method or count off or use another method to mix up the groups or form pairs temporarily for this activity. ___Completed Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 11 If not, rationale: If not, rationale: If not, rationale: April 2015 Networking Meeting – Facilitator Agenda & Notes 1 min Closing Activities ___Completed If not, rationale: • Netw ork • ISBE Eva Evalu ation luation Illinois RTI Network, 2015 Illinois RTI Network – Delivery Date April 2015 - Page 12
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