The farm use of biomass and other kind of
renewable energy Sources
Prof. Dr. Kemal ÇELİK- ÇOMU- Prof. Dr. Şeref KILIÇ- ARU
Summary of the course
•
This course has been prepared based on the project training needs analysis report
and on the state-of-the-art documents a power point template by the University of
Canakkale in collaboration with all the partners to set up the training contents for elearning materials on farm use of biomass and other kind of renewable energy
sources, enriched by case studies and best practices.
•
The course platform already designed include all basic and detailed teaching materials
on all kind of renewable sources for production of energy at farm, compatible with
typology and carachteristics of agricultural activities. The result have been shared on
resave Project e-learning platform with a general Module of level 2 and level 3 and a
detailed module of level 4 for the production and management of biomass, with an
introduction to management of biogas plants.
To many people, the most familiar forms of renewable
energy are the wind and the sun.
But biomass (plant material and animal waste) is the oldest
source of renewable energy, used since our ancestors
learned the secret of fire
Biomass is a renewable energy source not only because the
energy in it comes from the sun, but also because biomass
can re-grow over a relatively short period of time compared
with the hundreds of millions of years that it took for fossil
fuels to form.
Through the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plants
captures the sun's energy by converting carbon dioxide from
the air and water from the ground into carbohydrates
complex compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen. When these carbohydrates are burned, they turn
back into carbon dioxide and water and release the energy
they captured from the sun.
Better understand biogas and biogas plant !
Some designs to biogas plants
1
2
3
What is Biogas?
Clean, efficient source of renewable energy
Made from organic waste
Produces methane
Anaerobic digestion
Replaces non-renewable energy
Digested in an airtight container
Why We need a a Biogas Digester?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Replaces fossil fuels and other
nonrenewable energy
Simple, cost effective designs
Highly available fuel supply
Better usage of manure
- no longer polluting water
- no longer being burnt
Saves money
Decrease greenhouse gas emissions
Produces organic fertilizer
sources
of
How Does it Work ?
Manure mixed with water to create slurry
Slurry is put into airtight digester
Anaerobic decomposition
Methane created and collected
Effluent produced and removed
Biogas
O2
Methane
CO2
Amonio
H2S
+ Energy
Anaerobic Environment
Water, Excreta, Organic Material,
Biodegradable Waste
Water with 80-90% less contaminan
Hydrolysis, Fermentation, Acetogenesis,
Organic Fertilizer
Dehydrogenization, Methanogenesis
Technical Requirements for Bio-digestor
pH
Temperature
Time
Ratio of water to waste
Ratio of carbon to nitrogen
Effluent
Fertilizer
Only 90% pathogen free
Sulabh Effluent Treatment
-sedimentation
-filtration
-UV radiation
Designs/Models / China Fixed Dome
India India Floating Cover
Calculations
100 goats’ and 15 people’s waste can produce 10 m3 of biogas
1 kW generator can run on 5.64 m3 of biogas for 12 hours per day
6 kW generator:
33.84 m3 for 12 hours/day
(33.84 m3) * (1 / .4 m3/kg biomass) = 84.6 kg horse manure
30 yd3 dumpster filled to capacity 1-2 times per week
(30 yd3) * (27 ft3/yd3) = 810 ft3/dumpster
(810 ft3/dumpster) * (55 lbs/ft3 dry manure) = 44550 lbs manure/dumpster
(44550 lbs/dumpster) * (1 kg / 2.2 lbs) = 20250 kg/dumpster
(20250 kg/dumpster) * (1 / 84.6 kg/day) =
239.36 days/dumpster
30 yd3 dumpster filled to capacity (1 “pull”) 1-2 times per week
Barn pays for hauler per month, based on number of stalls- estimated $50-$75 dollars/stall, for 28 stalls
(1400 $/month) * (1 / 8 pulls per month) = $175/pull
(2100 $/month) * (1 / 4 pulls per month) = $525/pull
Each pull costs the barn between $175 and $525.