Session 5 :E-PRTR
QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Iksan van der Putte
E-PRTR Regulation (EC 166/2006)
Quality assurance
Operators are responsible for the quality
of the information that they report.
•completeness,
E-PRTR data inclusion in
•consistency
EMAS or ISO 14001 is possible
•credibility
Competent authorities have to assess quality and
Commission coordinates quality assurance and
assessment
Validation
Tool ?
The Commission will deliver an appropriate validation tool in due time
to the Member Statesin order to facilitate the transfer of the data.
Credibility
Credibility refers to the authenticity, reliability, comparibility and
transparency of the data
The competent authorities have the duty to assess the quality of information
provided by the operators
In order to ensure the quality of the data reported, facilities may wish to
take the information provided in the IPPC monitoring BREF into account
IPPC Monitoring BREF
The main quality considerations may include:
•Traceability of the measurements’ results to a reference specified by the competent
authorities, this includes calibration of the monitoring system when relevant.
•Maintenance of the monitoring system.
•For self-monitoring, the use of recognised Quality Management Systems and
periodic checks by an external Accredited laboratory.
•Certification of instruments and personnel under recognised certification schemes.
•Updating of monitoring requirements
Monitoring data production chain
consists of the following seven steps:
1. Flow measurement.
2. Sampling.
3. Storage, transport and preservation of the sample.
4. Sample treatment.
5. Sample analysis.
6. Data processing.
7. Reporting of data.
The practical value of the measurements and the
monitoring data depends on the degree of confidence,
i.e. reliability, that can be placed on the results, and their
validity when compared to other results from other plants,
i.e. comparability. Therefore, it is important to ensure the
appropriate reliability and comparability of the data.
Shematic of quality of emission data
Competent authorities have to assess quality……..
DATA VERIFICATION/Validation/Management
Ref. Monitoring
Analyze duplicate or split samples
Inspecting the laboratories that are analyzing samples
Inspecting the regulated entities, including their sampling and analyzing
procedures
Random, unprogrammed check monitoring
Ref. Reporting
Timeliness
Uniformity format
R
Completeness
Reliability
Data Management: electronic or hard copy filing
Example Bulgaria
Reporting Information Flow
Non IPPC
Ambient
Monitoring
EC
Commission
EEA
MOEW
ExEA
RIEW
Monitoring
EIONet
EC
EPER/PRTR
database
Art 15.3 IPPC
Art 16.1+3
Art 7 PRTR
Registration
Enterprise
RIEW
BEEA
annual report
Annual report
Annual report
(detailed)
(aggregated)
(aggregated)
Commission
IPPC review
RIEW: Regional Inspectorate for Environment and Water
MOEW: Ministry of Environment and Water
ExEA: Executive Environment Agency; EEA: European Environment Agency
Example the NETHERLANDS
The e-MJV system: ELECTRONIC ANNUAL
REPORTING
• An intelligent form (100+ pages)
– Many checks and balances
• A central database with the historical and
new data
• A web-site (public and non-public part) to:
– Give user support (additional helpdesk)
– Reporting of data (to spreadsheets)
– Reporting of status information
Example the NETHERLANDS: Electr. Ann. Rep.
Technology used
• Disconnected tax-form
– Visual Basic application on CD or download
• Synchronising via internet
– XML, Soap toolkit, 128 bit encryption, SSL
• Oracle database
– Hosting in subnet, at least three components (firewalls)
between internet and the (Oracle) database
• Authentication via login, password and pin-code
– (ldap) Verisign certification (comparable with financial
transactions)
Example the NETHERLANDS: Electr. Ann. Rep./ eMJV)
The four components of the Dutch Environmental eMJV)
1. A Visual Basic
client application
communicating directly
with the central database
2. Web-services
(for non anonymous use)
and a central database
Company (700 in the Netherlands),
• Receives CD with a Visual Basic application
• Receives a letter with username, password,
pincode
• After installing the application connects with the
central database
• Receives the historical data
• Uses the VB-application to fills in the form
• Sends the current year to the central database
3. A non anonymous
secure website
Data layer
Oracle
opslag
Oracle DBMS
128 bit
SSL,
HTTPS
For reporting, status
information, Up- and
downloads of XML files
and CSV-files, FAQ list
Internet
Application layer
DotNet
+ IIS
128 bit SSL, HTTPS,
SOAP, XML
128 bit SSL, HTTPS,
SOAP, XML
Internet
HTTP
Presentation layer
Www.rivm.mnp.nl
I-Planet ent.
Webserver
HP UX
Internet
(Local) authorities and supporting organisations (200 in the Netherlands)
• Receives CD with a Visual Basic application, an username, password, pincode
• After installing this application connects with the central database
• Receives the historical data and the forms of this year of the companies under their authority
• Use the same VB-application to judge the information, they can approve, ask for changes etc.
• All communications goes via the central database
4. A public website
For general information
ICT architectuur of the Dutch Environmental eMJV
Companies,
(Local) authorities,
supporting
organisations
SSL
•Caching
•SSL
en/decoding
•Tokens / certif.
Internet
VPN,
LDAP
authorisation
FO/ I,
Deloitte &
Touche
SSL, HTTP
Non-anonymous
internet zone
www.rivm.nl
Iplanet ent.
webserver
SUN/UX
Reverse
Proxy
(iChain)
HTTP
Data layer
Oracle
HTTP
HTTP
Oracle DBMS
PIX
firewall
Cisco PIX
firewall
• IP filtering
Tunix firewall
•application filtering
(HTTP)
LDAP
•application logging
•anti spoofing
For authentication
mechanisme
Cisco PIX firewall
•loggen of source-routed
• IP filtering
pakketten
•only known ports
Application layer
HTTP
www.emjv.nl/beveiligd
DotNet
+ IIS
Presentation layer
Www.rivm.mnp.nl
I-Planet ent.
Webserver
HP UX
Blue
Blackt
Red
Storage
Physical infrastructure
Identification & Authentication
Win 2000
UNIX
Monitoring and Reporting (M&R)
principles under EU ETS scheme
Completeness (all sources in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC)
Consistency (comparable over time;same methods)
Cost effectiveness (highest achievable accuracy, no excessive costs)
Faithfulness (verified emission report is true in what it should represent)
Improvement of performance in monitoring and reporting emissions
(Verified emission report should lead to better performance in M&R)
Transparency (in obtaining, recording, compiling,analysing and
documenting of data for verifier and CA)
Trueness (with appropriate monitoring methodologies and assessment
of uncertainties)
Example ETS enforcement system in the Netherlands
MEASUREMENT
UNCERTAINTY
6.5 mg/Nm3 alone gives no indication of the range of possible concentrations.
6.5 ± 0.3mg/Nm3 clearly defines the range of possible concentrations.
the “true” concentration would be likely to lie within
the range 6.2 – 6.8 mg/Nm3 with a defined degree of confidence, typically 95%
for which it can be assumed that 95times out of 100 the result would be
within those bounds
LCP Directive ANNEX VIII- Methods of
measurements of emissions
From 27 November 2002 and without prejudice to
Article 18(2)
Competent authorities shall require continuous
measurements of concentrations of SO2, NOx, and dust
from waste gases from each combustion
plant with a rated thermal input of 100 MW or more.
ANNEX VIII A.6
QUALITY
The values of the 95 % confidence intervals of a single measured result
shall not exceed the following percentages of the emission limit values:
Sulphur dioxide 20 %
Nitrogen oxides 20 %
Dust
30 %
Any day in which more than three hourly average values are invalid due
to malfunction or maintenance of the continuous measurement system
shall be invalidated. If more than ten days over a year are invalidated
for such situations the competent authority shall require the operator to
take adequate measures to improve the reliability of the continuous monitoring
system.
Directives: LCPD, WID
The Directives define the requirements for monitoring of
large combustion plant and waste incineration plant.
The directives place requirements on the use of CEN
standard methods where these exist.
If relevant CEN standards do not exist then a hierarchy of
standards may be used, with preference for ISO or other
Internationally recognised standards, followed by
National Standards, such as those produced by
BSI, VDI, ASTM or the US EPA, and finally other methods
Standard Reference Methods for
Monitoring
Standard reference methods have been developed by CEN and ISO, which address
all of the determinants covered by the LCDP and WID. These include
Particulates (Total dust)
Low levels < 50 mg/m3 EN 13284-1
High levels > 50 mg/m3 ISO 9096
Nitrogen oxides EN 14792
Carbon monoxide EN 15058
Sulphur dioxide EN 14791
Total organic carbon EN 12619
Hydrogen chloride EN 1911
Hydrogen fluoride ISO 15713
Oxygen EN 14789
Water vapour EN 14790
Standard Reference Conditions
Oxygen
The combustion of a carbon-based fuel consumes oxygen.
The 21% oxygen content present in the combustion air that is fed to a furnace will
be depleted to some lower level in the exhaust gas.
The interpretation clause of IPPC licenses typically require emission data to be
reported at reference oxygen conditions that are defined according the fuel type,
for example:
_ Gas and liquid fuels 3% ref O2
_ Solid fuels 6% ref O2
_ Waste incineration 11% ref O2
_ Other fuels (e.g. fume thermal oxidiser):- The application of reference oxygen
conditions will be determined on a case-by-case basis.
_ Emissions from all sources: Temperature 273.15K, Pressure 101.325kPa
CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS
CEMS SYSTEMS
Continuous Emission
Monitoring System
consists of:
1. system for automatic measuring
systems for measuring and monitoring
 AMS – Automated Measuring System
AMS
Data
2. system for automatic evaluation
systems for the calculation of emissions
 AES – Automated Evaluation System
Ref.Dr. Jurij Čretnik, RACI d.o.o., SLOVENIA
Energy Community Treaty to SEE Kosovo Seminar 2006
AES
EU DIRECTIVES REQUIRE UNIFORM
OPERATIONAL MONITORING INSIDE THE EU
 for Automated Measuring Systems requirements are
very complex
 selection of AMS is left to the user
 existing level of AMS in EU, and also inside the EU
member states, is very different
 to improve and to uniform the emission measuring inside
EU, CEN has prepared and published a new standard:

EN 14181:2004 Stationary source emissions,
Quality assurance of automated measuring systems.
induced by:
 EU directive 2001/80/EC: On the limitation of emissions of certain
pollutants into the air from large combustion plants - LCPD
 EU directive 2000/76/EC: On the incineration of waste - WID
EN 14181 IS EUROPEAN QA STANDARD
FOR AUTOMATIC MEASURING EQUIPMENT
EN 14181 defines three so called quality assurance levels (QAL) and
an annual surveillance test (AST) for automatic emission monitors:
QAL 1: Requirement for use of automatic measuring equipment that
has had its suitability tested (The QAL 1 test complies with EN ISO
14956);
QAL 2: Installation of automatic measuring device (AMS),
calibration of AMS using the standard reference measuring method
(SRM), determination of measuring uncertainty/variability of AMS and
check for observance of present measuring uncertainties;
QAL 3: Continuous quality assurance by the operator
(drift and precision of the AMS, verification on control card);
AST: Annual surveillance test including SRM measurement
to check the uncertainty of the AMS values.
EN 14181
FOUR LEVELS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
Level
Application
Data required
QAL
1
Suitability of equipment
 Performance evaluations
 Uncertainty calculations
QAL
2
Correctly installed, calibrated
and functional
 Reference tests
 Functionality checks
 Calibration function
 Variability test
 Uncertainty calculations
QAL
3
Stability of performance
 Zero drift
 Span drift
AST
Annual calibration and
functionality test
 see QAL 2
 “small” calibration
EN 14181
SIMPLIFIED
Suitability
Test
Installation
Calibration
Continuous Testing
QAL 3
QAL 1
QAL 2
Annual Testing
AST
Producer
Operator
Operator
EN 14181
SIMPLIFIED 2
Instrument
Certification
prEN 15267-3
Certification
of AMS
QAL 1
EN 14956
Time
Calibration
On-going QA Linearity Check
Zero and Span Calibration Check
Purchase
Installation
QAL 2
QAL 3
1 Year
AST
Illustration of ranges appropriate for QAL1 testing
.
CEMS SYSTEM IN TE-TOL, SLOVENIA
TERMOELEKTRARNA TOPLARNA LJUBLJANA
COMMAND
ROOM
ROOM 111
ETHERNET
REMOTE
WORKPLACE
LABORATORY KPV
ETHERNET
MODEM
PHONE LINE
MODEM
OLM
TES – SYSTEM
TETOL
PC WITH EMIDATE
CLIENT
PC WITH EMIDATE
REMOTE
PC WITH EMIDATE
SERVER
EXPANSION POSSIBLE
INTERNETLINK
PROFIBUS
STANDARD CABLE
PROFIBUS
STANDARD CABLE
PROFIBUS
STANDARD CABLE
www.te-tol.si/zacetek.htm
LOCATION:
VKLM1,
VKLM2,
BKG1,
BKG2
LOCATION:
K1,K2
OPTICAL
LINK
250 m
200 m
LOCATION:
K3
LOCATION:
DIMNIK
DISPLAY Šubičeva ulica, LJUBLJANA
OLM
ET 200M
DATA ACQUISITION
DISPLAY Zaloška cesta, LJUBLJANA
EXPANSION POSSIBLE
ET 200M
DATA ACQUISITION
AMS 3
Ref.Dr. Jurij Čretnik, RACI d.o.o., SLOVENIA
Energy Community Treaty to SEE Kosovo Seminar 2006
30 m
ET 200M
DATA ACQUISITION
AMS 2
ET 200M
DATA ACQUISITION
AMS 1
Chemiluminescence Analysers
Chemiluminescence is the emission of light
energy that results from a chemical reaction.
It was found in the late 1960s that the
reaction of NO and ozone (O3) produced
infrared radiation from about 500 to 3000nm.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) does not undergo
this reaction and must be reduced to NO
before it can be measured by this method.
Most commercial analysers contain a
converter that catalytically reduces NO2 to
NO. The NO (converted from NO2) plus the
original NO in the sample is then reacted
with O3 as described above to give a total
NO + NO2 (NOx) reading.
Surrogate parameters for
checking monitoring systems
(b) qualitative surrogates
the temperature of the combustion chamber of a
thermal incinerator and the residence time (or flow rate)
- the temperature of the catalyst in a catalytic incinerator
-the measurement of CO or total VOC of the flue gas
from an incinerator
(c) indicative surrogates.
temperature of the gas flow from a condenser
-pressure drop, flow rate, pH and humidity of a
compost filtration unit
- pressure drop and visual inspection of a fabric filter