Name_________________________________________
Period_______
Fall Semester Review
Pre-AP Science 7
Directions: The following questions are separated by the units of study. Units are followed by a list of
vocabulary words that you should be familiar with for the final exam.
Part I Lab Safety (p. 669-671, Safety Contract) Be familiar with safety symbols and rules.
1. What is the most important rule to follow in the science lab?
____________________________________________________________________________
Scientific Inquiry (p. 10-16)
Scientific method
Problem
Variables
Controls
Inference
Hypothesis
Data
Experiment
Model
Observation
Conclusion
Experimental Investigation
Descriptive Investigation
Repeated Trials
Valid
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Constant Variable
2. The purpose of the scientific method is to answer a question or solve a _________________.
3. Answer the following questions:
a. What is the purpose of the hypothesis?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
b. What is the purpose of an experiment?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Why do you want as many constants as possible in an experiment?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the relationship between the independent and dependent variable in an experiment?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Study the Line Graph on pg. 667 in your textbook. Approximately how many calories would a
person with a body mass of 70 kg burn in 30 minutes?_______________________________
7. Study the Circle Graph on pg. 668 in your textbook. What conclusion can be drawn from this
graph?______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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8. What do these letters represent?
DRY____________________________________________________
MIX_____________________________________________________
9. Read the following and answer the questions.
For his science project, Sam decided to test the effect of a vitamin on the growth of radish
seeds. Sam thought that if vitamins helped the nutrition and growth of humans, the vitamins
would increase the growth of radish seeds. Sam planted 5 radish seeds in 100 grams of soil and
added 10 ml of water to the soil. Next, Sam crushed a multi-vitamin and dissolved it in 10 ml of
vitamin water. He planted a second set of 5 radish seeds in 100 grams of soil and then added
the 10 ml of vitamin water to the soil. Both groups were placed in a sunny window. After one,
week, Sam observed that only one radish seed in the vitamin solution developed into a plant. In
the soil given plain water, four seeds developed into plants.
a. State the hypothesis
______________________________________________________________________
b. Identify four constants in the experiment
______________________________________________________________________
c. Identify the independent variable____________________________________________
d. Identify the dependent variable______________________________________________
10. Study the diagram and answer the questions.
a. Write one observation related to this diagram.
______________________________________________________________________
b. Write one inference based upon your observation.
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11. Directions: Read the following and use the data table to help you answer the questions.
Elizabeth feeds her dog 500 grams of Purina Chow dog food at 7:30 each morning for seven
days. She records the following data in her science journal.
a. What is the problem question that Elizabeth is trying to answer?
_________________________________________________________________________
b. Calculate the average amount of food consumed by the dog each week and record this
data in the data table in the “Average” row.
c. Analyze this data and write a conclusion to this experiment in the space below.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Measurement
12. Complete the following chart. (pg. 654 – 655) Be able to accurately read each measurement
tool !
Type of
Measurement
Definition
Measurement
Tool
Unit(s) of
Measurement
Length
Liquids
Volume
Solids
Mass
Temperature
Force
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13. What is the difference in length (cm) between the two objects below? Answer:______________
14. What is the volume of water in the graduated cylinder? Answer:______________
15. What is the mass of this object? Answer:______________
Work
16. You have done work on an object when you _________________________________________
17. Two people push a 32 N crate a distance of 15 meters from the kitchen to the garage. Calculate
the amount of work that was done. W= F X D
____________________________________________________________________________
Chemistry of Life (Class Notes and p.24, 26-30)
Matter
Element
Atom
Compounds
Fall Semester Review 2011- Page 4
Molecules
Physical Change
Name_________________________________________
Chemical Change
Chemical Reaction
Reactant
Product
Chemical Bond
Organic Compound
Inorganic Compound
Macromolecule
Polymerization
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrates
Glucose
Lipids
Period_______
Proteins
Amino acids
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotide
18. Matter is anything that takes up ________________________ and has ______________.
Matter is made of ________________________.
19. What is an element?_______________________________________________________.
When two or more different elements combine together, they form a _________________.
20. Describe the two types of changes that matter can undergo and give an example of each.
Change in Matter
Definition
Example
21. Ba + FeBr2
BaBr2 + Fe
a. The equation above describes a chemical _______________________________.
b. List the reactants:____________________________________________________
c. List the products:____________________________________________________
22. Complete the following chart that compares organic and inorganic compounds.
Compound
Elements in the
Total number of
Inorganic or Organic?
compound (full name) atoms in the
compound
KMnO4
Fe2O3
C22H22O11
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23. What are the four types of organic compounds and what is their function in the body? Give an
example of each.
1. _________________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________________
3.__________________________________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________________________________
24. Distinguish between a monomer and macromolecule (polymer). Give an example of each.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Introduction to Living Things (Class Notes and pg. 672-673, pg. 336 – 339)
Homeostasis
Prokaryote
Stimulus
Eukaryote
Response
Specialized Cell
Molecule
Tissue
Macromolecule
Epithelial Tissue
Organelles
Nervous Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Connective Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
25. Draw and label the parts of the cells below using the following terms:
Mitochondria
Cell wall
Cell
membrane
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic
reticulum
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26. Describe the function of each part of the cell.
Cell Organelle
Nucleus
Function
Chromosomes
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Cell wall
Chloroplast
27. What are the two main differences between the cells of a begonia plant and the cells of an angel
fish?
a. _____________________________
b.________________________________
28. Which of the following are made of cells? Circle your answer
Water
Spider
bacteria
granite rock
air
grass
heat
29. Describe the organization of cells in a multi-celled organism from the smallest to the largest unit.
Cell
_____________
_____________
_____________
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Period_______
30. What is the difference between a Prokaryote and a Eukaryote? Give an example of each.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
31. State the three parts of the cell theory.
a. ____________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________
32. If the eyepiece lens has a magnification of 10X and the objective lens has a magnification of
43X, what is the total magnification of the microscope? ______________________________
33. Jackie wants to observe a specimen under the microscope. She puts the specimen on a slide
and puts it on the stage of the microscope. Which knob should she use to first focus the
microscope—the fine adjustment or the coarse adjustment knob? ______________________
34. Describe the four types of tissue found in animals.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
35. Identify the six characteristics that determine if something is living.
a.
d.
b.
e.
c.
f.
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Fall Semester Study Guide Part II.
Overview of Body Systems and Homeostasis (Class Notes and p. 340-343)
36. Describe the function of each human body system
Human Body
System
Skeletal
Function
Muscular
Digestive
Circulatory
Respiratory
Nervous
Excretory
Integumentary
Immune
Endocrine
Reproductive
37. a. Which systems work together to get oxygen to your cells?____________________________
b. Which systems work together to provide nutrients to your cells?________________________
38. Define homeostasis.____________________________________________________________
39. Complete the concept map below by describing and giving examples for each of the three types
of homeostasis. (Pg. 340-331)
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40. How does the human body respond to short-term stress such as when the school fire alarm
unexpectedly rings?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Skeletal and Muscular System (p.344-356)
Bone
Ball and socket joint
Periosteum
Fixed joint
Marrow
Gliding joint
Spongy bone
Pivot joint
Compact bone
Long bones
Cartilage
Short bones
Joint
Flat bones
Ligament
Muscle
Hinge joint
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Voluntary muscle
Involuntary muscle
Tendon
Contract
Relax
41. Briefly describe the five functions of the skeletal system.
a. ______________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________________________
e. ______________________________________________________________________
42. How is the structure of the rib bones related to their function?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
43. Bones are connected to bones by tough connective tissue called________________________.
The place where bones meet is called a ________________________. The ends of the bones
in a joint are covered with _______________________________ which acts as a cushion to
help prevent the bones from grinding together.
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44. Give an example of each of the following joints.
a. Pivot ______________________
b. Fixed ______________________
c. Ball and socket ______________________
d. Gliding ______________________
e. Hinge ______________________
45. Complete the following table on the three types of muscle.
Type of Muscle
Skeletal
Voluntary or Involuntary
Examples
Smooth
Cardiac
46. What is a tendon?______________________________________________________________
47. Label the diagram: bone, muscle, tendon
48. Explain how your biceps and triceps work together to help you raise a glass of water to your
mouth.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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Nutrition and Digestive System (p.370-393)
Nutrient
Digestion
Nutrition
Mechanical Digestion
Carbohydrate
Chemical Digestion
Protein
Enzymes
Lipids
Saliva
Minerals
Bile
Vitamins
Peristalsis
Villi
Absorption
Simple Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates
Amylase
Pepsin
49. What is the function of the digestive system?________________________________________
50. What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
51. Need to Know: Refer to page 383 to review the structures of the digestive system. Be able to
trace the pathway of food as it travels through the organs of the digestive system beginning in
the mouth. Be able to identify the structures of the digestive system.
52. The process of __________________ moves food through the esophagus.
53. Food is absorbed into the blood stream in the ____________________________________.
54. Identify the following as either a chemical or physical change that occurs during digestion.
Example
Chemical or Physical Change
Churning of food in the stomach
Break down carbohydrates into starches with
saliva
Breaking food into smaller pieces with your
teeth
Pepsin helps to break down proteins in the
stomach
Pancreatic juices and other enzymes
breakdown food in the small intestine
55. What are sources/examples of the following nutrients?
a. Proteins________________________________________________________________
b. Carbohydrates__________________________________________________________
c. Lipids_________________________________________________________________
56. Distinguish between simple and complex carbohydrates._______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
57. Know how to read and analyze a food label.
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58. Why is water the most important nutrient?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Circulatory System (p.400-425)
Blood
Plasma
Red blood cells
Hemoglobin
White blood cells
Platelets
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Blood pressure
Pulse
Heart
Atrium
Ventricle
Valves
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Septum
59. What are the functions of blood?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
60. Complete the chart about the components of blood.
Component of Blood
Plasma
Function
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Be able to label the four components on a microscopic view of blood. (see Notes)
61. How is the structure of the heart related to its function? ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
62. Name and describe the function of the three types of blood vessels.
a. ______________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________
Fall Semester Review 2011- Page 13