~ Can Stop Global Warming ~
Source: International Geothermal Association, 2007
Source: International Energy Agency, 2007
Brief History
The first known use of geothermal resources happened over 10,000 years ago. It was used
by the Paleo-Indians as a source of warmth, cleansing, and the minerals were used as a source of
healing (eere, 2007). Today geothermal resources are still used for those same reasons but you can
now add to the list electricity and geothermal heat pumps. The first geothermal power plant was
invented in 1904 by Prince Piero Ginori Conti at the Larderello dry steam field in Italy. Fifty six years
later the first US plant was built in Sonoma County, California (REPP, 2007).
Dry Steam power plant
•Oldest type of Geo power plant
•Steam needs to be at least 455F
Iceland (Gunnlaugsson, 2001)
•70% of energy is sustainable
•52% of the 70% comes from
geothermal
•63% of geothermal goes to
space heating
•19% goes to electricity
•Iceland saves 100 million in
imported oil
Social
Scientific/Local: Germany Ethical/Local: Africa
Success of Feed-in Tariff Better life by Solar PV
World energy consumption is expected to increase 40% to
50% by the year 2010, and the global mix of fuels--renewables
(18%), nuclear (4%), and fossil (78%)--is projected to remain
substantially the same as today; thus global carbon dioxide
emissions would also increase 50% to 60%.
On average, 16 million tons of carbon dioxide are emitted into
the atmosphere every 24 hours by human use worldwide.
(U.S. Department of Energy)
Within 15 years, renewable energy could be generating
enough electricity to power 40 million homes and offset
70 days of oil imports.
Flash Steam power plant
Binary-Cycle power plant
•Most common type of Geo power
•Future of Geo power plants
plant
•Fluid needs to be at least 225F
•Heat exchanger passes heat from •Fluid needs to be at least 360F
•Fluid vaporized into steam to turn the
ground fluid second fluid
•Usually Iso-butane or Iso-pentane turbine
•Vaporizes at a much lower temp
Ethical
• Germany generated 2,863 MW using solar
PV power plant, which is almost half of the
world total production.(Lothar Wissing, 2006)
Government policy helped this result
• In 1999, 100,000 Rooftops Solar Electricity
Programs started, and terminated in 2003.
• In 2000, Renewable Energy Sources Act was
legislated. (International Energy Agency, 2002)
These policies made economic incentive
• The house owners who generate electricity
with their own solar panel scan sell electricity
to the electric power companies at a high rate,
currently about 0.45 EUR/kWh.
• As a result, this Feed-in Tariff system
succeeded to build 65,700 systems and to
generate 345.5 MW of capacity. (IEA, 2003)
Future of solar PV needs the positive
government policies
(Rybach, 2003)
Environmental
•CO2 emissions much lower than
fossil fuels
•Power plants large and disturb
landscapes
•Are very noisy
•Re-injection of fluid causes
earthquakes
Positives
 Zero Emissions!!!
The price of wind energy has decreased
from over 30 cents per kilo watt hour in the
1980’s to just over 5 cents today (AWEA)
No more relying on Middle-Eastern oil
No risk of energy price hike
Possible to scale up to provide enough
energy for the whole world
Self-sufficiency
Grazing animals can share the land wind
farms occupy, creating a double duty for
the land
• In African rural areas, electrification levels
are lower than national averages, often at
1–2%. (Mathias Gustavsson et al, 2003)
Solar PV make their life better
• Only one solar panel is enough to electrify the
rural freezers which are necessary to store the
vaccine.
• Only one solar panel
enables the children to
study in their homes.
(Jacobson, 2007)
The problem is cost
• Most African people in
rural area cannot afford
to buy solar power system.
(Otiti and Soboyejo, 2006)
Source: Jacobson, 2007
More solar panels should be donated by
developed countries from the view of
social justice
Negatives
Intermittency of wind power requires
power companies to have back-up
sources
Some scientists believe wind power may
disrupt weather patters (no hard evidence
has been shown to prove this)
Unsightliness
Forests may need to be cleared for
installation
Noise during construction may disrupt
animals, especially marine animals (Piper)
Source: IEA PV Power Systems
Programme, 2003
Scientific/Global:
Cost and Efficiency
• Solar energy costs 18 to 23 cents per kilowatt-hour
to produce. (LA Daily News, 2007)
This cost gap is the barrier for the dissemination
of solar PV
• Natural gas in some states costs 5 cents per
kilowatt-hour to produce. (LA Daily News, 2007)
Wind Power at Home
(eere,2007)
Economy
•1996 created 30,00 jobs
•1.5 billion dollar a yea industry
Cost
•Near a geyser about $0.03 per
KWh
•Anywhere else about $0.05 per
KWh
Direct Use
•Used in
homes,
greenhouse,
gold mining,
etc
•Costs 80%
less than
fossil fuels
Wind turbines can be installed on
homes or businesses
Owners can actually sell the excess
power they generate back to the power
companies
Growth in these kind of systems is at
nearly 20% per year (AWEA)
Source: IEA PV Power Systems
Programme, 2005
Bird Strikes
Local Wind Power
Puget Sound Energy operated a 150-MW plant along
Hopkins Ridge and has plans to build a 230-MW plant
in the same area (Wind Power Outlook 2006)
Denmark Wind Power
•Denmark produces over 20% of its energy from
the wind (VoldgadeIf)
•The United Stated produces just .4% of our
electricity needs from wind (Hartsook)
• Current highest efficiency is 42.8
percent, which is almost the
theoretical maximum efficiency.
(Corcoran, 2007)
All we have to do is to
think the way of mass
production which
•Bird strikes
are very rare
can produce
•On average
solar cell
only one in 10,000
Cheaply.
bird deaths are from
turbines (Wind Power
Outlook 2006)
•Turbine blades spin at low
revolution