Unit Five: Cognitive Domain
Chapter 10: Thinking and Intelligence
Intelligence is …..
Smart people are…..
UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGENCE
Defining Intelligence
Ability to adapt to environment using combination of inherited abilities
and learning experiences
UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGENCE
Robert J. Sternberg
1949
UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGENCE
IQ: Intelligence Quotient
mental age is level of intellectual functioning
mental age
chronological age
X 100 =
IQ
Characteristics of a Well-written Standardized Test
Standardized: administered the same way every time;
achieve a norm
Valid: measures what it’s supposed to measure without bias
Reliable: a person’s receives similar score each time
UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGENCE
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
To identify students with weak abilities
Test Included:
Alfred Binet
1857-1911
Direction: working towards a goal
Adaptability: adjusting to solve problems
Comprehension: understanding the problem
Self-evaluation: was problem solved correctly?
example
Sample Standford-Binet Test Questions
Stanford-Binet Advantages
Data collected would identify students who needed special instruction
Stanford-Binet Disadvantages
Test focuses on verbal skills; ignores other aspects of person’s abilities
culture bias
UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGENCE
Wechsler Intelligence Tests
Advantages
has verbal and performance scale
Disadvantages
has to be administered one a time
David Wechsler
1896 - 1981
ISSUES IN INTELLIGENCE TESTING
What should you do if someone tells you to turn down the Def Leppard?
a)
Call a zookeeper
b)
Turn down the hifi
Tests can reflect an intentional cultural or middle class bias
Test a poor predictor of success in life
Test a limited range of abilities…”what is intelligence?”
GARDNER’S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Howard Gardner
1943 -
US History Project: Experiences of the American Civil War
INTELLIGENCE: NATURE v. NURTURE
Nature
50% is inherited
IQs of identical twins tend to be similar
IQs of fraternal twins tend to be less similar
Environment
Siblings raised together have IQs more similar than siblings raised apart
Brain changes occur in environments that are stimulating
Education, social class, nutrition, stimulation, location
A Word About Savant Syndrome
“Insanity
is the doing the same
thing over and over and expecting different
results.”
Albert Einstein
CREATIVITY
Mental processes that result in original, workable ideas.
A Process:
1. Orientation
3. Incubation
5. Verification
2. Preparation
4. Illumination
ASSESSING CREATIVITY
Breaking Set:
Coming up with unusual, unexpected ideas
Fluency
Flexibility
Originality
CREATIVE STUDENTS
Characteristics:
Different from the “very bright” identified using IQ test scores
“class clown;” unpredictable and disruptive
contradict the teacher
May do well on standardized tests, but not reflected in school grades