On the Gassing Behavior of Lithium-Ion Batteries with NCM523 cathodes
Balázs B. Berkes,*,† Alexander Schiele,† Heino Sommer,†,‡ Torsten Brezesinski,† and
Jürgen Janek,†,§
†
Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
‡
BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
§
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17,
35392 Giessen, Germany.
Figure S1. Correction procedure of an as-measured signal due to unstable background and
artefacts.
Figure S2. Cell setup used for cycling tests with lithium reference. The left part shows the
complete cell, the right part represents a higher magnification of the lower current collector.
Figure S3. Cell setup used for the pressure measurements.
Figure S4. Calibration of the DEMS set-up. A calibration gas mixture with known amounts of
H2 (500 ppm), CO2 (150 ppm) and C2H4 (150 ppm) in He(6.0) was diluted with He (6.0) into
10 different concentrations with the help of 2 mass flow controllers. The upper curve shows a
typical change of an arbitrary ion current during the experiment. The lower three curves show
the calibration curves of the 3 components: H2 (m/z = 2), CO2 (m/z = 44) and C2H4 (m/z =
26).
The concentration of CO was determined form the calibration of the FT-IR setup, and the
built-in software function of the device has been used (QUANT2 in OPUS).
Figure S5. The OCV step of Figure 6 of the manuscript at elevated temperature.