Supplementary Material
Table 1. List of species, voucher information, biome and continental distribution. The
species with no associated voucher corresponds to the ones that the sequences were
already available in GenBank.
Voucher Species
Biome
Continent
Herbarium
Outgroup
Chase 11690 African Tropical Moist
Cercestis afzelii Schott
Africa
RBG Kew
Forest
Cercestis camerunense
Salazar 6305 African Tropical Moist
Africa
(Ntépé-Nyamè) Bogner
RBG Kew
Forest
Cercestis kawennianus
Salazar 6306 African Tropical Moist
Africa
(Engl.) N.E. Br.
RBG Kew
Forest
African Tropical Moist
Cercestis sp.
Morais 57
Africa
Forest
Culcasia rotundifolia
African Tropical Moist
Morais 58
Africa
Bogner
Forest
Dieffenbachia elegans
A.M.E. Jonker &
Calazans 88 - RFA
Amazon Forest
South America
Jonker
Furtadoa mixta (Ridl.)
Sakuragui 1402 Asian Tropical Moist
Asia
M. Hotta
RBG Kew
Forest
Heteropsis flexuosa
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Morais 81 - RFA
South America
(Kunth) G.S. Bunting
Forest
Montrichardia
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Oliveira 53 - RFA
South America
arborescens (L.) Schott
Forest Cerrado
Nephthytis afzelii
African Tropical Moist
Chase 10692
Africa
Schott
Forest
Nephthytis poissoni
Chase 14862 African Tropical Moist
Africa
(Engl.) N.E.Br.
RBG Kew
Forest
Nephthytis swainei
Chase 14863 African Tropical Moist
Africa
Bogner
RBG Kew
Forest
Urospatha sagittifolia
Amazon Forest Cerrado
Oliveira 47 - RFA
South America
(Rudge) Schott
Caatinga
Homalomena
H. aromatica (Spreng.)
Sakuragui 1368 Asian Tropical Moist
South America
Schott
RBG Kew
Forest
Calazans 36 et al. H. cochinchinensis
Asian Tropical Moist
RB; Sakuragui
Asia
Engl.
Forest
1369 - RBG Kew
H. crinipes Engl.
Amazon Forest
South America
H. erythropus (Mart. ex
Amazon Forest
South America
Schott) Engl.
H. expedita A.Hay &
Asian Tropical Moist
Asia
Hersc.
Forest
H. griffithii (Schott)
Asian Tropical Moist
Asia
Hook. f.
Forest
H. humilis (Jack) Hook. Sakuragui 1371 Asian Tropical Moist
Asia
f.
H. magna A. Hay
RBG Kew
Chase 10691 RBG Kew
Forest
Asian Tropical Moist
Forest
H. panamense K.
Krause
H. pendula (Blume)
Bakh. f.
-
Unknown
Sakuragui 1372 RBG Kew
H. philippinensis Engl.
-
Asian Tropical Moist
Forest
Asian Tropical Moist
Forest
H. picturata (Linden &
André) Regel
H. rubescens (Roxb.)
Kunth
H. tenuispadix Engl.
H. wallichii Schott
H. wendlandii Schott
P. subg.
Meconostigma
P. adamantinum Mart.
ex Schott
P. bipinnatifidum
Schott ex Endl.
P. brasiliense Engl.
P. corcovadense Kunth
P. dardanianum Mayo
P. goeldii G.M.
Barroso
P. leal-costae Mayo &
G.M. Barroso
P. lundii Warm.
P. mello-barretoanum
R. Burle-Marx ex G.M.
Barroso
P. paludicola E.G.
Gonç. & Salviani
P. petraeum Chodat &
Vischer
P. saxicola K. Krause
P. solimoesense A.C.
Sm.
P. speciosum Schott ex
Endl.
-
Amazon Forest
Sakuragui 1404 RBG Kew
Sakuragui 1405 RBG Kew
-
Asian Tropical Moist
Forest
Asian Tropical Moist
Forest
Asian Tropical Moist
Forest
Amazon Forest
South America
South America
Asia
Asia
South America
Asia
Asia
Asia
Asia
Bastos 20 et al.,
Calazans 40 - RFA
Cerrado
South America
Calazans 4 - RB
Atlantic Forest Cerrado
South America
Cerrado
South America
Atlantic Forest
South America
Cerrado
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
Atlantic Forest
Caatinga
South America
Cerrado
South America
Cerrado
South America
Atlantic Forest
South America
Cerrado
South America
Cerrado
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
Atlantic Forest
South America
Bastos 21 et al.,
Calazans 23 - RFA
Calazans 17 et al.,
Morais 23 - RFA
Calazans 22 et al. RB
Calazans 72 et al. RB
Calazans 47 HUEFS
Calazans 41 et al. RB
Morais 51 - RB
Calazans 38 et al. RB
Calazans 28 et al. RB
Calazans 50 &
Morais - RFA
Oliveira et al. 57 INPA
Morais 38 - RFA
P. stenolobum E.G.
Gonç.
Bastos 22 et al. RFA
Calazans 37 et al. RB
Calazans 19 et al. RB
Calazans 7 - RB
Atlantic Forest
South America
Cerrado
South America
Cerrado
South America
Atlantic Forest Cerrado
South America
Calazans 26 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
Calazans 54 &
Morais - HUEFS
Atlantic Forest
South America
L. Mayano s/n
Unknown
Unknown
Bastos 14,
Calazans 10 - RB
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Forest Cerrado
Caatinga
South America
Atlantic Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
Central America
Amazon Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
Central America
Atlantic Forest
South America
Morais 91 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
Sakuragui 1379 RBG Kew
Amazon Forest Cerrado
South America
Oliveira 41 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
P. billietiae Croat
Oliveira 38,
Oliveira 40 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
P. brevispathum Schott
-
Amazon Forest Cerrado
South America
and Central
America
P. burlemarxii G.M.
Barroso
Bastos 5 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
P. callosum K. Krause
Bastos 12 - RB;
Sakuragui 632 RBG Kew
Amazon Forest
South America
Bastos 23 - RB
Amazon Forest Cerrado
South America
-
Amazon Forest
South America
Calazans 59,
Wängler 268
Atlantic Forest
South America
P. tweedieanum Schott
P. uliginosum Mayo
P. undulatum Engl.
P. venezuelense G.S.
Bunting
P. williamsii Hook. f.
P. xanadu Croat, Mayo
& J. Boos
P. subg. Philodendron
P. acutatum Schott
P. aemulum Schott
P. angustilobum Croat
& Grayum
P. angustisectum Engl.
P. annulatum Croat
P. appendiculatum
Nadruz & Mayo
P. asplundii Croat &
M.L. Soares
P. auriculatum Standl.
& L.O. Williams
P. barrosoanum G.S.
Bunting
P. camposportanum
G.M. Barroso
P. cannifolium
(Dryand. ex Sims)
Sweet
P. cordatum Kunth
Sakuragui 629 RBG Kew
Sakuragui 641 RBG Kew
Sakuragui 1378 RBG Kew
Calazans 105,
Calazans 133 - RB
P. crassinervium Lindl.
P. davidsonii Croat
P. deltoideum Poepp.
P. distantilobum K.
Krause
P. edmundoi G.M.
Barroso
Calazans 13 - RB;
Sakuragui 1383 RBG Kew
Chase 10891 RBG Kew
Atlantic Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
Central America
Amazon Forest
South America
-
Amazon Forest
South America
Calazans 30,
Calazans 43 - RB
Atlantic Forest
South America
P. elaphoglossoides
Schott
Morais 105 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
and Central
America
P. erubescens K. Koch
& Augustin
Pellegrini 10 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
P. eximium Schott
Pellegrini 109,
Calazans 126 - RB
Atlantic Forest
South America
P. findens Croat &
Grayum
-
Amazon Forest
South America
and Central
America
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Forest
South America
Atlantic Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
South America/
Andes
South America
and Central
America
P. fragrantissimum
(Hook.) G. Don
P. glaziovii Hook. f.
P. gloriosum André
P. grandifolium (Jacq.)
Schott
Morais 64 - RB;
Sakuragui 1385 RBG Kew
Sakuragui 639 RBG Kew
Bastos 16 - RB
Amazon Forest
P. grandipes K. Krause
-
Amazon Forest Cerrado
P. hastatum K. Koch &
Sellow
Pellegrini 57 - RB
Atlantic Forest
P. hederaceum (Jacq.)
Schott
Calazans 154 - RB
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Forest
P. heleniae Croat
-
Amazon Forest
P. hopkinsianum M.L.
Soares & Mayo
P. hylaeae G.S.
Bunting
P. imbe Schott ex Endl.
Oliveira 34, Morais
106 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
Oliveira 30 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
Sakuragui 636 RBG Kew
Calazans 29 - RB;
Sakuragui 1389 RBG Kew
Atlantic Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Forest
South America
P. inconcinnum Schott
P. insigne Schott
South America
South America
and Central
America
South America
and Central
America
P. krugii Engl.
P. lazorii Croat
P. lindenii Schott
P. loefgrenii Engl.
P. longilaminatum
Schott
Sakuragui 638 RBG Kew
Bastos 28 - RB
Calazans 25 - RB;
Sakuragui 1392 RBG Kew
Amazon Forest
Central America
Amazon Forest
Amazon Forest
Atlantic Forest
Central America
South America
South America
Atlantic Forest
South America
South America
P. longistilum K.
Krause
Bastos 10 - RB
Amazon Forest
P. malesevichiae Croat
-
Amazon Forest
Atlantic Forest
Amazon Forest
South America
and Central
America
South America
South America
Amazon Forest Cerrado
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
Atlantic Forest
South America
Oliveira 51,
Calazans 103 - RB
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Forest Caatinga
South America
and Central
America
Calazans 53 - RB
Cerrado
South America
-
Amazon Forest
Central America
Morais 69 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America/
Andes
Calazans 48,
Morais 82 - RB
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Forest Cerrado
Caatinga
South America
-
Amazon Forest Cerrado
South America
Morais 93 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
Morais 83,
Calazans 74 - RFA
Amazon Forest
South America
P. martianum Engl.
Calazans 32 - RB
P. maximum K. Krause
Calazans 77 - RB
P. megalophyllum
Oliveira 44, Morais
Schott
89 - RB
P. melanochrysum
Sakuragui 1393 Linden & André
RBG Kew
P. melinonii Brongn. ex
Calazans 33,
Regel
Morais 88 - RB
P. micranthum Poepp.
Bastos 27 - RB
ex Schott
P. myrmecophyllum
Sakuragui 640 Engl.
RBG Kew
Calazans 58,
P. nadruzianum Sakur.
Calazans 62 - RB
P. ornatum Schott
P. pachyphyllum K.
Krause
P. panamense K.
Krause
P. panduriforme
(Kunth) Kunth
P. pedatum (Hook.)
Kunth
P. pinnatifidum
(Willd.) Schott
P. pulchrum G.M.
Barroso
P. quinquelobum K.
Krause
P. radiatum Schott
-
Amazon Forest
P. recurvifolium Schott
Sakuragui 1003 -
Atlantic Forest
South America
and Central
America
South America
P. renauxii Reitz
P. rhizomatosum
Sakur. & Mayo
P. roseopetiolatum
Nadruz & Mayo
P. ruizii Schott
P. ruthianum Nadruz
RBG Kew
Sakuragui 637 RBG Kew
Calazans 106 RFA
Antas 10 - RB
P. sagittifolium Liebm.
-
Amazon Forest
P. simmondsii Mayo
Sakuragui 642 RBG Kew
Amazon Forest
P. smithii Engl.
P. sphalerum Schott
P. squamiferum Poepp.
Atlantic Forest
South America
Cerrado
South America
Atlantic Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
Atlantic Forest
Calazans 76,
Calazans 95 - RFA
Morais 63 - RFA;
Sakuragui 1400 RBG Kew
Amazon Forest
South America
South America
South America
and Central
America
South America
and Central
America
Central America
Amazon Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
P. stenophyllum K.
Krause
P. tortum M.L. Soares
& Mayo
P. toshibai M.L. Soares
& Mayo
-
Amazon Forest
South America
Oliveira 36 - RFA
Amazon Forest
South America
Oliveira 49 - RFA
Amazon Forest
South America
P. tripartitum (Jacq.)
Schott
Chase 10894 RBG Kew
Amazon Forest
P. verrucosum L.
Mathieu ex Schott
-
Amazon Forest
P. wendlandii Schott
-
Amazon Forest
P. wittianum Engl.
P. wurdackii G.S.
Bunting
Oliveira 32 - RB
Amazon Forest
South America
and Central
America
South America
and Central
America
South America
and Central
America
South America
Morais 54 - RFA
Amazon Forest
South America
Calazans 27,
Bastos 17 - RB
Amazon Forest Cerrado
South America
and Central
America
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Forest Cerrado
South America
Atlantic Forest
South America
Amazon Forest
South America
P. linnaei Kunth, Enum
P. subg.
Pteromischum
P. oblongum (Vell.)
Kunth
P. ochrostemon Schott
P. placidum Schott
Morais 48,
Calazans 127 RFA
Calazans 119 RFA
P. propinquum Schott
P. rudgeanum Schott
P. schottii subsp.
talamancae (Engl.)
Grayum
P. surinamense (Miq.)
Engl.
Calazans 122 RFA
Calazans 156,
Calazans 157 RFA
Atlantic Forest
South America
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Forest
South America
-
Amazon Forest
South America
and Central
America
Sakuragui 1001 RBG Kew
Atlantic Forest Amazon
Forest
South America
Table 2. Taxon sampling and GenBank accession numbers of Philodendron,
Homalomena and outgroup species.
trnL-trnF
Taxon
3’ matK and
5’ matK
trnL intron
intergenic
ETS + 18S
sampling
trnK intron
spacer
Outgroup
Accession
Accession
Cercestis afzelii
numbers
numbers
Schott
being
being
processed
processed
Cercestis
Accession
Accession
camerunense
numbers
numbers
(Ntépé-Nyamè)
being
being
Bogner
processed
processed
Accession
Accession
Cercestis
numbers
numbers
kawennianus
being
being
(Engl.) N.E. Br.
processed
processed
Accession
Accession
Accession
numbers
numbers
Cercestis sp.
numbers being
being
being
processed
processed
processed
Accession
Accession
Culcasia
numbers
numbers
rotundifolia
being
being
Bogner
processed
processed
Accession
Dieffenbachia
Accession
Accession
numbers
elegans A.M.E. numbers being numbers being
being
Jonker & Jonker
processed
processed
processed
Accession
Accession
Accession
Furtadoa mixta
numbers
numbers
numbers being
(Ridl.) M. Hotta
being
being
processed
processed
processed
Accession
Heteropsis
numbers
flexuosa (Kunth)
being
G.S. Bunting
processed
Accession
Accession
Montrichardia
Accession
numbers
numbers
arborescens (L.) numbers being
being
being
Schott
processed
processed
processed
Accession
Accession
Accession
Accession
Nephthytis
numbers
numbers
numbers being numbers being
afzelii Schott
being
being
processed
processed
processed
processed
Accession
Accession
Nephthytis
Accession
numbers
numbers
poissoni (Engl.) numbers being
being
being
N.E.Br.
processed
processed
processed
Nephthytis
swainei Bogner
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Urospatha
sagittifolia
(Rudge) Schott
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
Homalomena
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
H. aromatica
(Spreng.) Schott
-
-
H.
cochinchinensis
Engl.
KF971331
KF981856
-
H. crinipes Engl.
H. erythropus
subsp. allenii
(Mart. ex
Schott) Engl.
H. expedita
A.Hay & Hersc.
JX024965.1
H. griffithii
(Schott) Hook. f.
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
H. humilis
(Jack) Hook. f.
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
H. magna A.
Hay
AM920596.1
AM920596.1
H. panamensis
K. Krause
-
-
-
H. pendula
(Blume) Bakh. f.
H. philippinensis
Engl.
H. picturata
(Linden &
André) Regel
JX024965.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
DQ870560.1
DQ870561.1
DQ870562.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DQ870563.1
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
-
DQ870564.1
-
-
-
-
DQ870565.1
H. rubescens
(Roxb.) Kunth
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
H. tenuispadix
Engl.
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
H. wallichii
Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
H. wendlandii
Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
DQ870566.1
-
-
DQ870567.1
P. subg.
Meconostigma
P. adamantinum
Mart. ex Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P.
bipinnatifidum
Schott ex Endl.
KF971323
KF981849
P. brasiliense
Engl.
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. corcovadense
Kunth
KF971324
KF981850
P. dardanianum
Mayo
-
-
P. goeldii G.M.
Barroso
-
-
-
P. leal-costae
Mayo & G.M.
Barroso
-
-
-
KF971332
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. lundii Warm.
KF971332
KF895425
KF895410
KF895413
KF895417
KF895411
KF895428
KF895427.1
KF895420.1
P. mellobarretoanum R.
Burle-Marx ex
G.M. Barroso
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. paludicola
E.G. Gonç. &
Salviani
-
-
P. petraeum
Chodat &
Vischer
KF981853
KF981853
P. saxicola K.
Krause
KF971327
KF981854
P. solimoesense
A.C. Sm.
KF971333
KF971333
P. speciosum
Schott ex Endl.
-
-
P. stenolobum
E.G. Gonç.
KF971334
KF971334
P. tweedieanum
Schott
-
-
P. uliginosum
Mayo
-
-
P. undulatum
Engl.
KF971328
KF981855
P. venezuelense
G.S. Bunting
KF971329
KF971329
P. williamsii
Hook. f.
KF971330
KF971330
P. xanadu Croat,
Mayo & J. Boos
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
KF895423
KF895412
KF895422
KF895426
KF895429
KF895414
KF895424
KF895421
KF895419
KF895418
KF895415
KF895416
KF895409
P. subg.
Philodendron
P. acutatum
Schott
P. aemulum
Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. angustilobum
Croat & Grayum
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. angustisectum
Engl.
-
-
-
-
P. annulatum
Croat
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
P.
appendiculatum
Nadruz & Mayo
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. asplundii
Croat & M.L.
Soares
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. auriculatum
Standl. & L.O.
Williams
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. barrosoanum
G.S. Bunting
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
P. billietiae
Croat
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. brevispathum
Schott
-
-
-
-
P. burlemarxii
G.M. Barroso
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. callosum K.
Krause
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
DQ870570.1
-
-
DQ870576.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
DQ870577.1
DQ870578.1
DQ870579.1
-
DQ870580.1
processed
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P.
camposportanu
m G.M. Barroso
-
-
-
P. cannifolium
(Dryand. ex
Sims) Sweet
-
-
-
-
P. cordatum
Kunth
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. crassinervium
Lindl.
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. davidsonii
Croat
-
-
-
-
DQ870583.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
DQ870581.1
-
DQ870582.1
P. deltoideum
Poepp.
AM920597.1
AM920597.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. distantilobum
K. Krause
-
-
-
-
DQ870584.1
P. edmundoi
G.M. Barroso
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
P.
elaphoglossoide
s Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
P. erubescens K.
Koch &
Augustin
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. eximium
Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. findens Croat
& Grayum
-
-
-
-
P.
fragrantissimum
(Hook.) G. Don
JQ586639.1
JQ586639.1
P. glaziovii
Hook. f.
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
DQ870585.1
-
DQ870586.1
DQ870587.1
DQ870588.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
DQ870591.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. hylaeae G.S.
Bunting
-
-
-
P. imbe Schott
ex Endl.
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
P. gloriosum
André
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. grandifolium
(Jacq.) Schott
-
-
P. grandipes K.
Krause
-
-
P. hastatum K.
Koch & Sellow
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. hederaceum
(Jacq.) Schott
DQ401355.1
DQ401355.1
P. heleniae
Croat
-
P. hopkinsianum
M.L. Soares &
Mayo
DQ870589.1
DQ870590.1
DQ870613.1
DQ870592.1
-
DQ870593.1
DQ870595.1
P. inconcinnum
Schott
-
-
P. insigne Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. krugii Engl.
-
-
P. lazorii Croat
P. lindenii
Schott
P. loefgrenii
Engl.
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
-
DQ870598.1
-
-
-
-
DQ870600.1
-
DQ870596.1
DQ870597.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
DQ870601.1
-
-
DQ870602.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P.
longilaminatum
Schott
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. longistilum K.
Krause
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. malesevichiae
Croat
-
-
P. martianum
Engl.
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. maximum K.
Krause
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
P.
megalophyllum
Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
P.
melanochrysum
Linden & André
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. melinonii
Brongn. ex
Regel
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
P. micranthum
Poepp. ex Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P.
myrmecophyllu
m Engl.
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. nadruzianum
Sakur.
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. ornatum
Schott
-
-
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. pachyphyllum
K. Krause
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
DQ870603.1
-
-
-
DQ870604.1
-
P. panamense K.
Krause
-
P. panduriforme
(Kunth) Kunth
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. pedatum
(Hook.) Kunth
KF971326
KF981852
P. pinnatifidum
(Willd.) Schott
-
-
P. pulchrum
G.M. Barroso
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. quinquelobum
K. Krause
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. radiatum
Schott
JX024994.1
JX024994.1
P. recurvifolium
Schott
-
-
P. renauxii Reitz
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. rhizomatosum
Sakur. & Mayo
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
P.
roseopetiolatum
Nadruz & Mayo
-
-
-
P. ruizii Schott
-
P. ruthianum
Nadruz
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. sagittifolium
Liebm.
-
P. simmondsii
Mayo
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
-
DQ870605.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DQ870612.1
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
DQ870606.1
DQ870607.1
DQ870608.1
-
-
DQ870610.1
-
-
-
DQ870611.1
P. smithii Engl.
-
-
P. sphalerum
Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. squamiferum
Poepp.
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. stenophyllum
K. Krause
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
DQ870616.1
-
-
DQ870618.1
-
DQ870617.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
DQ870621.1
-
-
-
DQ870622.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
DQ870599.1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
P. tortum M.L.
Soares & Mayo
-
P. toshibai M.L.
Soares & Mayo
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. tripartitum
(Jacq.) Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. verrucosum
L. Mathieu ex
Schott
P. wendlandii
Schott
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
P. wittianum
Engl.
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. wurdackii
G.S. Bunting
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. linnaei Kunth
, Enum
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
-
DQ870620.1
P. subg.
Pteromischum
P. oblongum
(Vell.) Kunth
P. ochrostemon
Schott
KF971325
-
KF981851
-
P. placidum
Schott
-
P. propinquum
Schott
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
DQ870609.1
-
P. rudgeanum
Schott
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. schottii subsp.
talamancae
(Engl.) Grayum
-
-
-
-
DQ870619.1
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
P. surinamense
(Miq.) Engl.
Taxon sampling
-
5’ matK
-
3’ matK
and trnK
intron
trnL
intron
DQ870568.1
trnL-trnF
intergenic
spacer
ETS + 18S
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
-
Outgroup
Cercestis afzelii
Schott
Cercestis
camerunense
(Ntépé-Nyamè)
Bogner
-
-
Cercestis
kawennianus
(Engl.) N.E. Br.
-
Cercestis sp.
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Culcasia
rotundifolia
Bogner
Dieffenbachia
elegans A.M.E.
Jonker & Jonker
Furtadoa mixta
(Ridl.) M. Hotta
-
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
Accession
numbers being
being
processed
Heteropsis
flexuosa (Kunth)
G.S. Bunting
Montrichardia
arborescens (L.)
Schott
Nephthytis afzelii
Schott
Nephthytis
poissoni (Engl.)
N.E.Br.
Nephthytis
swainei Bogner
Urospatha
sagittifolia
(Rudge) Schott
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870560.
1
Homalomena
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
H. aromatica
(Spreng.) Schott
-
-
H.
cochinchinensis
Engl.
KF971331
KF981856
H. crinipes Engl.
-
-
-
-
DQ870561.
1
H. erythropus
subsp. allenii
(Mart. ex Schott)
Engl.
-
-
-
-
DQ870562.
1
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
H. expedita
A.Hay & Hersc.
H. griffithii
(Schott) Hook. f.
H. humilis (Jack)
Hook. f.
JX024965.
JX024965.1
1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
H. magna A. Hay
AM92059
6.1
AM920596.
1
H. panamensis K.
Krause
-
-
-
H. pendula
(Blume) Bakh. f.
H. philippinensis
Engl.
H. picturata
(Linden & André)
Regel
H. rubescens
(Roxb.) Kunth
H. tenuispadix
Engl.
H. wallichii
Schott
H. wendlandii
Schott
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
DQ870563.
1
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
-
-
-
DQ870564.
1
-
-
-
-
DQ870565.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870566.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870567.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895425
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895410
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895413
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895417
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. subg.
Meconostigma
P. adamantinum
Mart. ex Schott
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
P. bipinnatifidum
Schott ex Endl.
KF971323
KF981849
P. brasiliense
Engl.
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
P. corcovadense
Kunth
KF971324
KF981850
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. dardanianum
Mayo
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. goeldii G.M.
Barroso
-
-
-
P. leal-costae
Mayo & G.M.
Barroso
-
-
-
P. lundii Warm.
KF971332
KF971332
P. mellobarretoanum R.
Burle-Marx ex
G.M. Barroso
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. paludicola
E.G. Gonç. &
Salviani
-
-
P. petraeum
Chodat & Vischer
KF981853
KF981853
P. saxicola K.
Krause
KF971327
KF981854
P. solimoesense
A.C. Sm.
KF971333
KF971333
P. speciosum
Schott ex Endl.
-
-
P. stenolobum
E.G. Gonç.
KF971334
KF971334
P. tweedieanum
Schott
-
-
P. uliginosum
Mayo
-
-
P. undulatum
Engl.
KF971328
KF981855
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895411
KF895428
KF895427.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895420.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895423
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895412
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895422
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895426
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895429
-
KF895414
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895424
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895421
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895419
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895418
P. venezuelense
G.S. Bunting
KF971329
KF971329
P. williamsii
Hook. f.
KF971330
KF971330
P. xanadu Croat,
Mayo & J. Boos
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895415
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895416
Accession
numbers being
processed
KF895409
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870570.
1
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
DQ870576.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870577.
1
P. subg.
Philodendron
P. acutatum
Schott
P. aemulum
Schott
P. angustilobum
Croat & Grayum
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. angustisectum
Engl.
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. annulatum
Croat
P.
appendiculatum
Nadruz & Mayo
P. asplundii Croat
& M.L. Soares
P. auriculatum
Standl. & L.O.
Williams
P. barrosoanum
G.S. Bunting
-
-
-
-
P. billietiae Croat
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870578.
1
P. brevispathum
Schott
-
-
-
-
DQ870579.
1
P. burlemarxii
G.M. Barroso
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. callosum K.
Krause
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870580.
1
-
P.
camposportanum
G.M. Barroso
P. cannifolium
(Dryand. ex Sims)
Sweet
-
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
-
-
DQ870581.
1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870582.
1
P. davidsonii
Croat
-
-
-
-
DQ870583.
1
P. deltoideum
Poepp.
AM92059
7.1
AM920597.
1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. distantilobum
K. Krause
-
-
-
-
DQ870584.
1
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870585.
1
Accession
numbers being
-
P. cordatum
Kunth
P. crassinervium
Lindl.
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
P.
numbers
elaphoglossoides
being
Schott
processed
Accession
P. erubescens K.
numbers
Koch & Augustin
being
processed
Accession
P. eximium Schott
numbers
P. edmundoi
G.M. Barroso
-
Accession
numbers
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
P. findens Croat
& Grayum
P.
fragrantissimum
(Hook.) G. Don
being
processed
being
processed
being
processed
processed
-
-
-
-
DQ870586.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870587.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870588.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870589.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870590.
1
JQ586639.
JQ586639.1
1
P. glaziovii Hook.
f.
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. gloriosum
André
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
P. grandifolium
(Jacq.) Schott
-
-
P. grandipes K.
Krause
-
-
P. hastatum K.
Koch & Sellow
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
P. hederaceum
(Jacq.) Schott
DQ40135
5.1
DQ401355.
1
P. heleniae Croat
-
-
P. hopkinsianum
M.L. Soares &
Mayo
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. hylaeae G.S.
Bunting
-
P. imbe Schott ex
Endl.
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. inconcinnum
Schott
-
P. insigne Schott
Accession
numbers
being
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870591.
1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870613.
1
-
-
DQ870592.
1
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870593.
1
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870595.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870596.
1
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. krugii Engl.
-
-
P. lazorii Croat
-
-
-
-
P. lindenii Schott
-
-
-
-
P. loefgrenii
Engl.
-
-
-
-
P.
longilaminatum
Schott
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. longistilum K.
Krause
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. malesevichiae
Croat
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. martianum
Engl.
-
P. maximum K.
Krause
-
P. megalophyllum
Schott
P.
melanochrysum
Linden & André
P. melinonii
Brongn. ex Regel
P. micranthum
Poepp. ex Schott
P.
myrmecophyllum
Engl.
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
DQ870597.
1
DQ870598.
1
DQ870600.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
DQ870601.
1
-
DQ870602.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870603.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. nadruzianum
Sakur.
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
DQ870604.
1
-
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. pachyphyllum
K. Krause
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. panamense K.
Krause
-
-
-
-
DQ870605.
1
P. panduriforme
(Kunth) Kunth
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870606.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870607.
1
-
DQ870608.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870610.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. ornatum Schott
-
P. pedatum
(Hook.) Kunth
KF971326
KF981852
P. pinnatifidum
(Willd.) Schott
-
-
P. pulchrum G.M.
Barroso
P. quinquelobum
K. Krause
P. radiatum
Schott
P. recurvifolium
Schott
P. renauxii Reitz
P. rhizomatosum
Sakur. & Mayo
P.
roseopetiolatum
Nadruz & Mayo
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
JX024994.
JX024994.1
1
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
DQ870611.
1
P. ruthianum
Nadruz
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
P. sagittifolium
Liebm.
-
-
-
-
DQ870612.
1
P. simmondsii
Mayo
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. smithii Engl.
-
-
-
-
DQ870616.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870617.
1
P. ruizii Schott
P. sphalerum
Schott
P. squamiferum
Poepp.
P. stenophyllum
K. Krause
P. tortum M.L.
Soares & Mayo
P. toshibai M.L.
Soares & Mayo
P. tripartitum
(Jacq.) Schott
P. verrucosum L.
Mathieu ex Schott
P. wendlandii
Schott
P. wittianum
Engl.
P. wurdackii G.S.
Bunting
P. linnaei Kunth,
Enum
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
DQ870618.
1
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870620.
1
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
-
-
Accession
numbers
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
being
processed
Accession
numbers
DQ870621.
1
DQ870622.
1
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
-
-
Accession
numbers being
DQ870599.
1
being
processed
being
processed
being
processed
processed
KF981851
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
-
P. subg.
Pteromischum
P. oblongum
(Vell.) Kunth
KF971325
P. ochrostemon
Schott
-
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
P. placidum
Schott
-
-
-
-
DQ870609.
1
P. propinquum
Schott
Accession
numbers
being
processed
-
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
DQ870568.
1
P. rudgeanum
Schott
-
-
Accession
numbers
being
processed
P. schottii subsp.
talamancae
(Engl.) Grayum
-
-
-
-
DQ870619.
1
-
Accession
numbers being
processed
-
P. surinamense
(Miq.) Engl.
-
-
Table 3. Sequences and references of the primers used to amplify and sequence matK,
trnK, trnL intron, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, ETS and 18S.
Molecular marker
Primer sequence (5’ - 3’)
Reference
trnK-F: GGGTTGCTAACTCAATGGTAGAG
Wicke and
trnK - matK
trnK-R1: GAACCCGGA ACTHGTCGGAT
Quandt, 2009
ETS-AF: GACCGTGACGGYACGTGAG
Gauthier et al.,
18S – ETS
18S-R: AGACAAGCATATGACTACTGGCAGG
2008
c: 5´ CGAAATCGGTAGACGCTACG 3'
Taberlet et al.,
d: 5´ GGGGATAGAGGGACTTGAAC 3'
1991
trnL intron
trnL-trnF intergenic
e: 5´ GGTTCAAGTCCCTCTATCCC 3'
Taberlet et al.,
spacer
f: 5´ ATTTGAACTGGTGACACGAG 3'
1991
Table 4. Liliopsida taxon sampling and accession numbers
Species
Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana
Dioscorea elephantipes
Lemna minor
Typha latifolia
Phoenix dactylifera
Spirodela polyrhiza
Wolffiella lingulata
Wolffia australiana
Colocasia esculenta
Elaeis guineensis
Phalaenopsis equestris
Erycina pusilla
Elodea canadensis
Heliconia collinsiana
Zingiber spectabile
Pseudophoenix vinifera
Bismarckia nobilis
Dasypogon bromeliifolius
Calamus caryotoides
Cymbidium sinense
Cymbidium tracyanum
Cymbidium mannii
Cymbidium tortisepalum
Cymbidium aloifolium
Najas flexilis
Cocos nucifera
Musa textilis
Ravenala madagascariensis
Curcuma roscoeana
Fritillaria taipaiensis
Veratrum patulum
Dendrobium catenatum
Dioscorea rotundata
Chloroplast genome accession number
NC007499
NC009601
NC010109
NC013823
NC013991
NC015891
NC015894
NC015899
NC016753
NC017602
NC017609
NC018114
NC018541
NC020362
NC020363
NC020364
NC020366
NC020367
NC020365
NC021430
NC021432
NC021433
NC021431
NC021429
NC021936
NC022417
NC022926
NC022927
NC022928
NC023247
NC022715
NC024019
NC024170
Cypripedium macranthos
Calanthe triplicata
Paris verticillata
Fritillaria hupehensis
Fritillaria cirrhosa
Allium cepa
Iris gatesii
Bomarea edulis
Luzuriaga radicans
Corallorhiza macrantha
Corallorhiza trifida
Corallorhiza odontorhiza
Corallorhiza wisteriana
Corallorhiza mertensiana
Corallorhiza bulbosa
Ananas comosus
Calycanthus floridus glaucus
Drimys granadensis
Piper cenocladum
Solanum tuberosum
Nelumbo lutea
Brassica napus
Magnolia officinalis
Eucalyptus polybractea
Camellia reticulata
Macadamia integrifolia
Oryza sativa
Zea mays
Triticum aestivum
Oryza nivara
Oryza sativa
Agrostis stolonifera
Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
Sorghum bicolor
Lolium perenne
Brachypodium distachyon
Festuca arundinacea
Dendrocalamus latiflorus
Anomochloa marantoidea
Indocalamus longiauritus
Phyllostachys edulis
Acidosasa purpurea
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis
Bambusa emeiensis
Ferrocalamus rimosivaginus
Panicum virgatum
Leersia tisserantii
Phyllostachys propinqua
NC024421
NC024544
NC024560
NC024736
NC024728
NC024813
NC024936
NC025306
NC025333
NC025660
NC025662
NC025664
NC025663
NC025661
NC025659
NC026220
NC004993
NC008456
NC008457
NC008096
NC015605
NC016734
NC020316
NC022393
NC024663
NC025288
NC001320
NC001666
NC002762
NC005973
NC008155
NC008591
NC008590
NC008602
NC009950
NC011032
NC011713
NC013088
NC014062
NC015803
NC015817
NC015820
NC015826
NC015830
NC015831
NC015990
NC016677
NC016699
Rhynchoryza subulata
Oryza meridionalis
Oryza rufipogon
Festuca ovina
Festuca altissima
Festuca pratensis
Lolium multiflorum
Arundinaria gigantea
Pharus latifolius
Triticum monococcum
Secale cereale
Triticum urartu
Aegilops tauschii
Aegilops speltoides
Oryza rufipogon
Setaria italica
Phragmites australis
Aegilops geniculata
Aegilops cylindrica
Pharus lappulaceus
Puelia olyriformis
Deschampsia antarctica
Sorghum timorense
Arundinaria appalachiana
Arundinaria tecta
Olyra latifolia
Cenchrus americanus
Oryza glaberrima
Digitaria exilis
Neyraudia reynaudiana
Lecomtella madagascariensis
Oryza australiensis
Bambusa multiplex
Phyllostachys sulphurea
Arundinaria fargesii
Sarocalamus faberi
Chimonocalamus longiusculus
Fargesia nitida
Fargesia spathacea
Fargesia yunnanensis
Gaoligongshania megalothyrsa
Gelidocalamus tessellatus
Indocalamus wilsonii
Indosasa sinica
Oligostachyum shiuyingianum
Yushania levigata
Pleioblastus maculatus
Thamnocalamus spathiflorus
NC016718
NC016927
NC017835
NC019649
NC019648
NC019650
NC019651
NC020341
NC021372
NC021760
NC021761
NC021762
NC022133
NC022135
NC_022668.1
NC022850
NC022958
NC023097
NC023096
NC023245
NC023449
NC023533
NC023800
NC023934
NC023935
NC024165
NC024171
NC024175
NC024176
NC024262
NC024106
NC024608
NC024668
NC024669
NC024712
NC024713
NC024714
NC024715
NC024716
NC024717
NC024718
NC024719
NC024720
NC024721
NC024722
NC024725
NC024723
NC024724
Ampelocalamus calcareus
Triticum timopheevii
Aegilops longissima
Aegilops bicornis
Aristida purpurea
Centotheca lappacea
Chionochloa macra
Coleataenia prionitis
Danthonia californica
Elytrophorus spicatus
Eriachne stipacea
Hakonechloa macra
Isachne distichophylla
Monachather paradoxus
Thysanolaena latifolia
Echinochloa oryzicola
Aegilops sharonensis
Aegilops searsii
Aegilops kotschyi
Triticum turgidum
Triticum macha
Acorus calamus
Acorus americanus
Eustrephus latifolius
Acorus gramineus
NC024731
NC024764
NC024830
NC024831
NC025228
NC025229
NC025230
NC025231
NC025232
NC025233
NC025234
NC025235
NC025236
NC025237
NC025238
NC024643
NC024816
NC024815
NC024832
NC024814
NC025955
NC007407
NC010093
NC025305
NC026299
Table 5. Liliopsida fossils used as calibration points
Fossil
Liliacidites sp. A Doyle & Hickey 1976
Montrichardia aquatica F.A.Herrera, C.A.Jaram.,
Dilcher, S.L.Wing & C.Gómez Nav. 2008
Thalassites parkavonenses Benzecry & Brack-Hanes
2008
Tripylocarpa aestuaria Gandolfo & Futey 2012
Mauritiidites
crassibaculatus
van
HoekenKlinkenberg, 1964 [Schrank, 1994]
Sabalites carolinensis E.W.Berry 1914
Age (Ma)
113.0 – 125.0
58.0 – 60.0
38.0 – 47.8
63.49 – 64.67
66.0 – 72.1
83.6 – 86.3
Table 6. Results of approximately unbiased (AU) and Shimodaira–Hasegawa (SH)
tests for alternative topological arrangements among P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg.
Meconostigma and American Homalomena.
item obs au
np | bp
pp
kh
sh
wkh wsh |
1 -31.7 0.998 0.996 | 0.995 1.000 0.987 0.990 0.987 0.990 |
2
31.7 0.005 0.003 | 0.003 2e-14 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.018 |
3
32.9 0.003 0.002 | 0.001 5e-15 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.023 |
Legend:
1. (American Homalomena (P. subg. Meconostigma + P. subg. Philodendron))
2. (P. subg. Meconostigma (American Homalomena + P. subg. Philodendron))
3. (P. subg. Philodendron (P. subg. Meconostigma + American Homalomena))
Figure 1: Gene trees estimated in Mr. Bayes. The posterior probabilities are
indicated in the nodes. A. ETS and 18S gene tree; B. matK 5’ portion gene tree; C.
matK 3’ portion and trnK gene tree; D. trnL intron gene tree; E. trnL-trnF
intergenic spacer gene tree.