Alignment of
Virginia Kindergarten through Grade 5 SOL,
Essential Skills (Cognitive Domain) and
Instructional/Assessment Strategies
Purpose: The intended purpose of this correlation is
to align the context of the Standards of Learning
with the cognitive domains of Bloom’s Taxonomy. This
document provides teachers and administrators with a
starting point for planning for the instruction and
assessment of each standard. Teachers and
administrators are encouraged to use the question
cues and the research-based strategies from
Classroom Instruction that Works and Transforming
Classroom Grading to plan instructional and
assessment activities that focus student behaviors
and thinking in the appropriate cognitive domain.
Prepared for the Virginia Instructional Specialists by
Daniel Mulligan, Ed. D.
2007–2008
Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
Math: K
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
2007-2008
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
K.1, K.2, K.7,
K.8, K.11
K.1, K.2, K.5,
K.7, K.9, K.10,
K.11, K.13
K.2, K.4, K.11,
K.14, K.15
K.3, K.4, K.10,
K.11, K.12, K.13,
K.14, K.15, K.16,
K.17
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
NNS
CE
M
G
PS
PFA
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Essay
Oral report
Essay
Cooperative Learning
K.6, K.15, K.16, K.18
K.18
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
MATH: 1
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4,
1.6, 1.7, 1.8,
1.10, 1.13, 1.15
1.1, 1.6, 1.7,
1.10, 1.11, 1.12,
1.14, 1.17, 1.18
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
1.2, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9,
1.11, 1.13, 1.14,
1.16, 1.17, 1.18,
1.19, 1.20, 1.21
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
1.1, 1.3, 1.4,
1.5, 1.8, 1.10,
1.16
Cooperative Learning
Essay
Oral report
Essay
NNS
CE
M
G
PS
PFA
2007-2008
1.6, 1.8, 1.9, 1.16,
1.19, 1.21
1.19, 1.21
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
MATH: 2
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
2007-2008
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
2.1, 2.2, 2.4,
2.6, 2.11, 2.12,
2.15, 2.17, 2.18,
2.23
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
2.5, 2.6, 2.8,
2.10, 2.11, 2.14,
2.16, 2.18, 2.19,
2.24, 2.22, 2.26
2.4, 2.7, 2.8,
2.11, 2.12, 2.13,
2.14, 2.15, 2.16,
2.17, 2.22, 2.23
2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7,
2.8, 2.9, 2.10,
2.12, 2.13, 2.14,
2.20, 2.21, 2.22,
2.23, 2.24, 2.25
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
NNS
CE
M
G
PS
PFA
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Essay
Oral report
Essay
Cooperative Learning
2.9, 2.21, 2.25, 2.26
2.23, 2.24
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
MATH: 3
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
3.3, 3.3, 3.6,
3.11, 3.12, 3.13,
3.15, 3.16, 3.18,
3.20, 3.21, 3.22,
3.23, 3.24, 3.25
3.3, 3.4, 3.5,
3.10, 3.11, 3.13,
3.14, 3.17, 3.19,
3.21
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
3.1, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8,
3.18, 3.20, 3.21,
3.23, 3.24
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
3.1, 3.3, 3.4,
3.7, 3.9, 3.11,
3.12, 3.14, 3.16,
3.17, 3.18, 3.19,
3.23, 3.25
Cooperative Learning
Essay
Oral report
Essay
NNS
CE
M
G
PS
PFA
2007-2008
3.2, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8,
3.10, 3.21, 3.24
3.8, 3.14, 3.22
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
MATH: 4
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4,
4.6, 4.7, 4.9,
4.12, 4.13, 4.14,
4.17, 4.18, 4.21
4.2, 4.3, 4.7, 4.8,
4.9, 4.10, 4.11,
4.12, 4.13 4.15,
4.16, 4.18, 4.19
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
4.10, 4.13, 4.14,
4.17, 4.18, 4.19,
4.20, 4.21, 4.22
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
4.1, 4.2, 4.4,
4.15, 4.16, 4.17,
4.22
Cooperative Learning
Essay
Oral report
Essay
NNS
CE
M
G
PS
PFA
2007-2008
4.4, 4.11, 4.6, 4.19,
4.20, 4.21
4.5, 4.7, 4.8, 4.10,
4.11, 4.12, 4.20
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
Virginia Math Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
MATH: 5
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
2007-2008
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
5.1, 5.9, 5.10,
5.15, 5.16
5.1, 5.2, 5.5, 5.7,
5.8, 5.9, 5.13,
5.15, 5.16, 5.18,
5.20
5.4, 5.13, 5.17,
5.18
5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6,
5.10, 5.12, 5.14,
5.15, 5.6, 5.17,
5.21, 5.22
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
NNS
CE
M
G
PS
PFA
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Essay
Oral report
Essay
Cooperative Learning
5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8,
5.10, 5.11, 5.12,
5.13, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19
5.20, 5.21, 5.22
5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7,
5.11, 5.18
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
ENGLISH: K
Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
K.1, K.2, K.3,
K.4, K.5, K.6,
K.7, K.8, K.9,
K.10, K.11, K.12
K.1, K.2, K.6,
K.8, K.10, K.12
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
K.2, K.4, K.8,
K.11
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
K.1, K.4, K.5,
K.6, K.7, K.8
Cooperative Learning
Essay
Oral report
Essay
Oral
Reading
Writing
2007-2008
K.7, K.8
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
ENGLISH: 1
Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4,
1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8,
1.9, 1.10, 1.11,
1.12
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6,
1.7, 1.8, 1.10,
1.11
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
1.4, 1.6, 1.7, 1.12
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
1.1, 1.2, 1.5,
1.6, 1.8
Cooperative Learning
Essay
Oral report
Essay
Oral
Reading
Writing
2007-2008
1.4, 1.8, 1.9, 1.12
1.6
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
ENGLISH: 2
Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4,
2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8,
2.9, 2.10,
2.11,2.12
2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5,
2.6, 2.8, 2.9,
2.10, 2.11, 2.12
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9,
2.12
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
2.8, 2.11
Cooperative Learning
Essay
Oral report
Essay
Oral
Reading
Writing
2007-2008
2.1, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9,
2.11
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
ENGLISH: 3
Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4,
3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8,
3.10 3.11
3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5,
3.7, 3.10, 3.11
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5,
3.6, 3.7, 3.9, 3.10
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
3.5, 3.8
Cooperative Learning
Essay
Oral report
Essay
Oral
Reading
Writing
2007-2008
3.1, 3.5, 3.6, 3.9,
3.10
3.2, 3.4, 3.9
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
ENGLISH: 4
Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
2007-2008
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
4.2, 4.4
4.1, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5,
4.7
4.1, 4.2, 4.5, 4.6,
4.7, 4.8
4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4,
4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
Oral
Reading
Writing
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Essay
Oral report
Essay
Cooperative Learning
4.2, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8
4.1, 4.5, 4.6, 4.8
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08
ENGLISH: 5
Virginia English Standards of Learning, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and
Research-Based Strategies For Increasing Student Achievement
Recall
Relate
Cognitive
Domain
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Question
Cues
who, what,
when, where,
choose, find,
how, define,
label, show, list,
name, relate,
recall, select
compare,
contrast,
demonstrate,
interpret, explain,
illustrate, outline,
rephrase,
summarize,
show, classify
Similarities &
Differences
ResearchBased
Instructional
Strategies
Connect
Create
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
apply, build,
construct,
develop,
interview, plan,
select, solve,
utilize, model,
identify
analyze,
categorize,
dissect, divide,
examine,
distinguish, infer,
conclude,
hypothesize
build, choose,
combine, compile,
construct, create,
design, develop,
imagine, invent,
propose, solve,
suppose, modify,
improve, adapt, test,
change
criticize, defend,
determine, evaluate,
judge, justify,
recommend,
interpret, prioritize,
criteria, prove,
assess, decide,
support, importance,
estimate
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Questions, Cues, &
Advance Organizers
Similarities &
Differences
Generating & Testing
Hypotheses
Similarities &
Differences
Similarities & Differences
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Homework &
Practice
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Cooperative Learning
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Questions, Cues &
Advance Organizers
ResearchBased
Assessment
Strategies
2007-2008
Forced-Choice
Forced-Choice
Short Written
Response
Short Written
Response
Summarizing & Note
Taking
Setting Objectives &
Providing Feedback
Nonlinguistic
Representation
Performance
Assessment
Essay
Teacher Observation
Performance Assessment
Student Self-Assessment
Short Written
Response
Essay
Essay
Performance
Assessment
5.9
5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6,
5.7, 5.8, 5.9
5.1, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6,
5.8, 5.9
5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5,
5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9
Performance Assessment
Teacher Observation
Oral Report
Forced Choice
Oral
Reading
Writing
Reinforcing Effort &
Providing Recognition
Essay
Oral report
Essay
Cooperative Learning
5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7,
5.8, 5.9
5.1, 5.3, 5.6
Dan Mulligan, 2007-08