Day 22
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Agenda
 Questions?
 IP Part 5
 Graded, Feedback provided
 Any of the first five sections can be resubmitted for rescoring prior
to December 13. The recorded score will the average of the original
score and the score on the resubmitted section. Please notify me
via email which sections you will be resubmitting.
 IP part 6 Due Dec 9
 Assignment 8 posted (Last One)
 Due Dec 5
 Resource Management
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Ch 1 -2
Finals Rescheduling
 IP Project presentation on Dec 12
 Part 1-5 resubmits due
 Exam 3 done asynchronously via Blackboard on Dec
16
 Final IP Project Due Dec 18
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3
Chapter 12
© 2007 Pearson Education
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12-4
Chapter 12 Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, students will be able to:
 Recognize the variety of constraints that can affect a
project, making scheduling and planning difficult.
 Understand how to apply resource-loading techniques to
project schedules to identify potential resource
overallocation situations.
 Apply resource-leveling procedures to project activities
over the baseline schedule using appropriate prioritization
heuristics.
 Follow the steps necessary to effectively smooth resource
requirements across the project life cycle.
 Apply resource management within a multiproject
environment.
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12-05
Types of Constraints
TECHNICAL CONSTRAINTS
 PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS
 RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS

 PEOPLE
 MATERIALS
 MONEY
 EQUIPMENT
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12-06
Example
Activity
Description
Duratio
n
Predecessors
Member
Assigned
A
Assign Bids
5
Tom
B
Document Awards
5
A
Jeff
C
Calculate Costs
5
A
Jeff
D
Select Winning Bid
1
B, C
Sue
E
Develop PR Campaign
4
D
Carol
figure12.2.mpp
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12-7
Assign bids
Sta rt: Thu 12/4/08I D: 1
Fi ni s h: We d 12/10/08
Dur: 5 da ys
Re s : Tom
Document Awards
Sta rt: Thu 12/11/08
I D: 2
Fi ni s h: We d 12/17/08
Dur: 5 da ys
Re s : Je ff
Select Winning Bid
Sta rt: Thu 12/18/08
I D: 4
Fi ni s h: Thu 12/18/08
Dur: 1 da y?
Re s : Sue
Develop PR campaign
Sta rt: Fri 12/19/08I D: 5
Fi ni s h: We d 12/24/08
Dur: 4 da ys
Re s : Ca rol
Calculate Costs
Sta rt: Thu 12/11/08
I D: 3
Fi ni s h: We d 12/17/08
Dur: 5 da ys
Re s : Je ff
8
12-9
12-10
Resource Loading
The amounts of individual resources that a schedule
requires during specific time periods.
Resource Usage table
Resource Name Work
Details 5/5 5/12 5/19 5/26
Bob
40 hrs Work 8h 32h
Assign Bids 40 hrs Work 8h 32h
Carol
40 hrs
Calculate Cost 40 hrs
Ted
40 hrs
Work
Work
Work
8h
8h
8h
32h
32h
32h
Documentation 40 hrs
Alice
8 hrs
Select Bid 8 hrs
Work
Work
Work
8h
32h
8h
8h
12-11
Resource Leveling (Smoothing)
A multivariate, combinatorial problem
Objectives
1. To determine the resource requirements so that
they will be available at the right time
2. To allow each activity to be scheduled with the
smoothest possible transition across resource
usage levels
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12-012
Prioritization Rules for Leveling
1. Smallest amount of slack
2. Smallest duration
3. Lowest ID number (FCFS)
4. Greatest number of successor tasks
5. Requiring the most resources
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12-13
Resource leveling
(method one)
 Develop resource leveling table
 Determine activity Late finish dates
 Identify resource Over-allocation
 Level the resource loading table using priority rules
 Requires more than one run-through due to ripple
effects
 Examine conflicts (apply priority rules)
 Select activity to be reconfigured
 Start over, looking for more conflicts
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12-14
Example 12.2
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5
-
B
4
A
C
5
A
D
6
A
E
6
B
F
6
C
G
4
D
H
7
E,F
I
5
G
J
3
G
K
5
H,I,J
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15
Sample project
(Example 12.2 from text)
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12-16
Task table
Activity
Duration
ES
EF
LS
LF
A
5
0
5
0
5
B
4
5
9
6
10
C
5
5
10
5
10
D
6
5
11
8
14
3
E
6
9
15
10
16
1
F
6
10
16
10
16
G
4
11
15
14
18
H
7
16
23
16
23
I
5
15
20
18
23
3
J
3
15
18
20
23
5
K
5
23
28
23
28
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Slack
1
3
12-17
Resource Needs
Activity
Duration
A
5
B
4
C
5
D
6
E
6
F
6
G
4
H
7
I
5
J
3
K
5
Float
Hours/day
Total hours
6
30
2
8
4
20
3
3
18
1
3
18
2
12
4
16
3
21
3
4
20
5
2
6
5
25
Total
194
1
3
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12-18
Resource Profile
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12-19
Resource loading table
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12-20
Resource Loading with LF dates
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12-21
leveling
resource leveling.xls
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12-22
End result (8 hours per day)
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12-23
A much better Way
 Use MS Project
 Enter resources
 Assign resources to tasks
 Use Resource leveling tool
 Sample resource leveling.mpp
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12-24
Resource Loading charts
Method two
1.
Create a project activity network diagram
2. Develop resource loading table
3. Determine activity late finish dates
4. Identify resource over allocation
5. Resource level the loading table
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12-25
Creating Resource Loading Charts
Display the amount of resources required as a function
of time.
4 B 5
Res = 2
0 A 4
Res = 6
5 D 9
Res = 7
1. Start with a
network diagram
9 E 11
Res = 3
11 F 12
Res = 6
4 C 7
Res = 2
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12-26
Creating Resource Loading Charts
Activity Resource Duration
ES
Slack
LF
A
B
C
D
6
2
2
7
4
1
3
4
0
4
4
5
0
0
4
0
4
5
11
9
E
F
3
6
2
1
9
11
0
0
11
12
2. Produce a table that shows the
duration, early start, late finish,
slack, and resource(s) required for
each activity.
12-27
Creating Resource Loading Charts
3. Draw an initial loading chart with
each activity scheduled at its ES.
8
Resources
6
4
A
D
B
2
C
2
4
6
8
10
Project Days
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F
Resource
imbalance
E
12
14
12-28
Creating Resource Loading Charts
4. Rearrange activities within their slack
to create a more level profile. Splitting
C creates a more level project.
8
Resources
6
4
A
D
B
2
C
2
Split_task.mpp
4
C
F
E
6
8
10
Project Days
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12
14
12-29
efficiency
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12-30
Key Parameters in
Multi-Project Environments
 Schedule slippage
 Possible $ penalty
 Resource utilization
 More efficient is better
 In-process inventory
 Reduce back log
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12-31
Prioritizing Resource Allocations in MultiProject Environments
 First come first served
 Greatest resource demand
 Greatest resource utilization
 Minimum late finish time
 Mathematical programming
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12-32
Demand vs. Utilization
 Personnel resources
 3 writers, 3 painters and 3 sculptors
 Project A requires
 3 painters for 2 weeks, 3 sculptors for 1 weeks and one
writer for 1 weeks (10 artist/weeks)
 Greater Demand
 Project B requires
 2 writers for 1week, 3 painters for 1 week and 3 sculpt0rs
for 1 week (8 artist/weeks)
 Greater utilization
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33
Summary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Recognize the variety of constraints that can affect a
project, making scheduling and planning difficult.
Understand how to apply resource-loading
techniques to project schedules to identify potential
resource overallocation situations.
Apply resource-leveling procedures to project
activities over the baseline schedule using
appropriate prioritization heuristics.
Follow the steps necessary to effectively smooth
resource requirements across the project life cycle.
Apply resource management within a multiproject
environment.
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
12-34