AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Final instruction
Aggregated conclusions and tips
Christos Spitas, Petra Badke-Schaub
Vasilios Spitas
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Learning objectives
• Educate students in
• Provide a
different complimentary
comprehensive practice
advanced methods and
experience to students,
tools for embodiment
useful in itself to build
design developed in the
up original design
four partner universities
knowledge and to
support and
substantiate the
learning process and
competence acquisition
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Learning objectives
• Educate students in
reflecting on their
design process and
competences, gaining
essential skills for
sustained growth and
life-long learning
(modern ICT-assisted
design protocol
analysis)
• Produce students with
well-integrated
competence in
Embodiment Design in
the context of Product
Engineering
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Analysis of design protocols: Process
Challenge
• Embodiment Design:
complex, costly and
mission-critical phase in
product design and
engineering
• Often involving large
development teams
How far it was met
• Process: effective? tackled
complexity?
• Process: teamwork, team
roles systematised? Belbin
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Examples
Space antenna
• Material suitability for deep
space/ temperature
extremes?
• Minimum weight violated!
• Vibration modes! (bending,
torsion)
• Ambiguity in engineering
drawings
• Validation?
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Examples
Spinnaker
• Load case!
• But which material?
• Weight/ density, flotation
not considered!
• Engineering of hoisting
points!
• Ambiguity in engineering
drawings
• Validation?
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
121-221-251 average
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
121-221-251
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
poor/ mistake
unclear
good/ plausible
flow
relaxed
stressed/ anxious
passive/ apathic
silent/ unknown
searching for info
calculating
writing/ drawing
oral exchange
more abstract
static/ unknown
more specific
none/ unclear
choice
evaluation
heuresis/ ideation
analysis
process
content
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Average Belbin role score (self-evaluation)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
121-221-251 average
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Tips (for junior engineers)
• Employ analysis as
‘systematic
decomposition’, not as
‘thinking about a
problem’
• Perform heuresis as
‘systematic synthesis’
etc formal mappings,
not as ‘inspired
ideation’
• Perform evaluation as
an objective
mathematics-based
operation, not as an
intuitive or ‘democratic’
process
• Make all choices
explicit; anticipate them
and plan beforehand
supporting evaluations
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Tips (for junior engineers)
• Plan and cluster your
• Do not engage in
work in targeted/
unplanned ‘spaghetti’
focused short-cycle
sessions. Check your
(time-bound) work
time vs. your plan.
packages, each
Develop error handling
comprising meaningful
procedures.
sequences of analysis,
• Manage your
heuresis, evaluation and
knowledge (searching)
choice
and computational
resources
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Tips (for junior engineers)
• Be clear in your interim
and final outputs (TDP,
validations). Pay
attention to detail and
follow communication
standards. These will be
used by others down
the project value chain
and must be adequate
and complete.
• A design that cannot
defend itself does not
pass the next stage
gate.
• Be positive. Be patient.
Stay focused.
Engineering design can
involve a lot of tedium
and does not have to be
fun to be done.
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Analysis of design protocols: Content
Challenge
• Systematic ability to analyse
requirements and
synthesise appropriate
solutions is essential for
innovation and success in a
highly competitive global
environment
• 'Turning function into
embodiment'
How far it was met
• Quality/ focus of interim
results, solutions
• How far, how specific?
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Examples
Electromotor flange
• Over-constrained,
functional tolerances not
considered!
• Too many parts! Simplicity?
• Ambiguity in engineering
drawings
• Validation?
• Reduce complexity –
– But not too complex
– Simplification
• Problem was not ill-defined
• Not understanding how the
thing works
• Missing – reduced goal
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
AMP
Didactic programme
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
CRITICAL SITUATIONS
TASK
TEAM
PROCESS
Problem analysis
and definition
Coordination
Management of
disturbances
Idea generation
Climate
Planning (management of resources)
Solution analysis
and decision
Conflicts
Individual: Cognitive – motivational – emotional
processes
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Embodiment design systematise
product engineering
Object – system –
goal analysis
C & C2 approach
Design with
uncertainty
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
CRITICAL SITUATIONS
TASK
OCG
Problem analysis
and definition
Idea generation
Coordination
Solution analysis
and decision
Conflicts
Managment of
disturbances
Planing (managementd
of ressources)
Idea mapping
Climate
TRIZ
Design with
2
uncertainty/C
&C
Individual: Cognitive
– motivational – emotional
processes
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Embodiment design is….
interaction
methodology
reflection
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
CRITICAL SITUATIONS: Reflection
TASK
TEAM
PROCESS
Problem analysis
and definition
Coordination
Managment of
disturbances
Idea generation
Climate
Solution analysis
and decision
Conflicts
Eye-tracking
BELBIN
Planning (management of resources)
Smart pen
Individual: Cognitive – motivational – emotional
processes
AMP-EMBODY
TASK:
COGNITIVE PROCESSES
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Dealing with uncertainty
Reduction of complexity
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
TASK
Cognitive processes:
–
need to reduce complexity,
–
need to economise: to save time and effort
Routine patterns
– Humans tend to follow established practices
– their range of thinking and acting is limited- also in new
situations
• reduced goal elaboration
• reduced analysis
AMP-EMBODY
Consequences in situations of uncertainty
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
1. thinking and acting is centred at the
self - not at the problem
2. prevention of self-reflection
3. avoidance of further exploration
4. groupthink
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Process: Planning is a higher cognitive task
1. Setting goals
2. Developing strategies
3. Coordination: scheduling procedural tasks
and responsibilities in order to accomplish
the goals
WHY?
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Motivational system: self-protection
1. Need for affiliation = to feel integrated in a
group
2. Need for control = to feel assured to know
what is going to happen
3. Need for competence = perceived competence
to satisfy the basic needs
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
The vicious circle of failures
no adaptation
– no change
AMP-EMBODYin
Cognitive-motivational model explaining deficiencies
planning & decision making
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
uncertainty
+
need for control
DOiNG RIGHT?
-
DOiNG WRONG
feeling of
competence
emotional
strain
physiological
activation
+
+
+
choice of wellavoidance of
regression
aggression
known rules and
further mental
resignation
schemata
load
low exploration: search of new information
quick decisions
no decisions
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
teamworker
shaper
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
implementor
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Design with Uncertainty
Flow??
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
All roads leading to ….
DELFT
DELFT
DELFT
AMP-EMBODY
ERASMUS Intensive Programme
Delft 8-24 July 2013, Netherlands
Your way to ….
DELFT
DELFT
DELFT
THANK
YOU