Chapter 3 Assignment
Name:________________________
1. Describe the differences in level of cell specialization required for single-celled organisms and
multicellular organisms.
Single-Celled Organism
Multicellular Organism
2. Give an example of a specialized cell in the human body and the function it performs.
3. Provide both the word equation and balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
Word Equation:

Balanced Chemical Equation:







4. Do photosynthesis and respiration occur at the same time or at different times?
5. Circle either “production” or “loss” to make each statement correct.
(a) During photosynthesis plant cells have a net production/loss of oxygen and a net
production/loss of carbon dioxide.
(b) During respiration plant cells have a net production/loss of oxygen and a net
production/loss of carbon dioxide
6. The leaf of the plant has many specialized cells. In the table below provide the main function for
each of the following cell tissues.
Plant Tissue Cells
Epidermis
Cuticle
Spongy Tissue
Stomata
Guard Cells
Palisade Tissue
Vascular Bundles
Function
Xylem
Phloem
7. Label the following diagram:
a.
e.
b.
f.
c.
g.
d.
h.
8. List the four levels of organization in organisms and give one example of each.
Level
Example
9. Name the leaf structure that allows gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf. What is unique about the
internal structure of the leaf that allows these gases to freely move between the plant cells and the
surrounding air?
10. Do plants consume carbon dioxide or produce it? Explain.
11. Trace the pathway of a carbon dioxide molecule as it passes from the leaf’s external environment to
a single cell within a leaf.
b. Which organelle with the leaf cell actually uses the carbon dioxide?
c. How does the oxygen produced by photosynthesis leave the leaf?
12. What is a lenticel? What kinds of plants would you find them in and why are they necessary?
13. Describe the process of transpiration. How much of the water absorbed by the roots is lost through
this process?
14. Name the leaf structure responsible for regulating water loss through transpiration? List 3
molecules dependent on these structures for passage into and out of the leaf.
15. Discuss the mechanism for controlling the shape and size of guard cells. Be sure to discuss turgor
pressure in your answer.
16. When do the stomata typically open and close? Explain why this is the case. Describe a situation
when the opposite may occur and explain why this may necessary.
17. Vascular plants have a system of vessels that transport the following throughout the plant.



18. Complete the following table.
Xylem
Phloem
Which of the three materials from
the previous question are carried
in each vessel?
Are the cells dead or alive?
Cells joined end to end are called…
x
Carries materials in which general
direction – leaves to other parts of
the plant or from roots to leaves?
19. Trace the pathway of a water molecule as it moves from the soil into the xylem vessels. By
what mechanism does water enter the cells of the root epidermis?
20. How are minerals carried across cell membranes?
21. Complete the following table.
Cohesion
Definition
22. Define “root pressure”
Adhesion
23. Define “stimuli”.
24. List four examples of plant responses to stimuli in their environments.
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


25. Define “tropism”.
26. Define “phototropism” and explain its significance to the survival of a plant.
27. Describe the changes in the cells of the stem which allow phototropism to occur. Provide an
explanation which includes a diagram.