Cell Review
Purpose: Over the past several weeks we have learned A LOT of information about cells; what they need, their
structures, and the functions of some of those structures. This review sheet will help you to organize and summarize
this information to help you study in preparation for your final exam.
Part 1: Use the following plant cell diagram to answer questions regarding organelles and their functions.
1. Identify the given organelles and describe their specific function in the cell.
a. Organelle “1”:
i. Name: cell wall
ii. Function: gives the cell structure
b. Organelle “2”:
i. Name: cell membrane
ii. Function: controls what goes into and out of the cell
c. Organelle “4”:
i. Name: central vacuole
ii. Function: store water in the plant cell, provides rigidity for the cell, provides the needed H2O
for photosynthesis
d. Organelle “5”:
i. Name: mitochondria
ii. Function: site of cellular respiration
e. Organelle “7” (HINT: The “spots” on the larger, rougher organelle):
i. Name: ribosomes
ii. Function: makes proteins
f. Structure “8” (HINT: The “X” shaped structure inside of the organelle):
i. Name: Chromosome
ii. Function: holds genetic information
g. Organelle “9” (HINT: The organelle containing the “X” shaped structure):
i. Name: nucleus
ii. Function: holds genetic information
h. Organelle “10”:
i. Name: chloroplast
ii. Function: location of photosynthesis
Part 2: Answer the following questions regarding important organelles and their functions.
1. The cell membrane has a specific structure that allows it to function efficiently.
a. Draw the structure of this organelle and label the two main parts.
b. What structure allows substances to pass through?
Depends—smaller structures can easily pass through the cellular membrane while others will need
proteins.
c. What are the three kinds of passive transport? Do they move molecules from low to high concentrations
or high to low concentrations?
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
from high to low
d. What is active transport? Does it move molecules from low to high concentrations or high to low
concentrations?
Transport of molecules into and out of the cell going from a low to high concentrations.
2. The mitochondrion has a very important task in the cell.
a. What is the name of the process that happens in the mitochondrion? Cellular respiration
b. What happens in this process? Chemical energy is turned into a useable form of energy (ATP)
c. Write the reaction formula for this process: C6H12O6 + 602 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
d. What is the most important product from this process and why is it important (what is its function)?
ATP This is needed to perform active transport, cell division and other cell functions.
3. The chloroplast has a very important task in plant cells.
a. What is the name of the process that happens in the chloroplast? photosynthesis
b. What happens in this process? Solar energy is converted into chemical energy (glucose)
c. Write the reaction formula for this process: 6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2
d. What is the role of this process in the life of plants? To produce glucose which can be stored or used for
cellular respiration.
e. What is the role of this process in the life of animals? To produce O2 in the atmosphere which we can
breathe and produce some glucose for us to eat.
4.
What are the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells?
NOTE: THESE ARE THE DISTINCT DIFFERENCES WE CARE ABOUT IN OUR CLASS…THERE ARE OTHERS
(ESPECIALLY SIMILARITIES)
Plant
Animal
1 large vacuole
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Many small vacuoles
Nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane